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BBC - History - World Wars: The German Front Experience - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...german_experience_01.shtml

HughesSoldierBoys

shared by anonymous on 02 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • lurid
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
      CE Word!
  • the incessant artillery barrages,
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
      In Soldier Boys, Dean Hughes describes the artillery barrages as "incessant rolls of thunder." 
  • as to how men were affected by the experience: were they brutalised or ennobled; were their lives destroyed or enriched?
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
      In Soldier Boys, Dieter is a German soldier in the Forty-seventh Panzer Corps, a part of the Fifteenth Army. Spencer is an American paratrooper. Both are boys, eager to see action and support their country. 
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Others found solace in deep religious faith,
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       In times of peril, Spencer finds relief in praying and giving thanks.
  • A large number failed to cope at all and suffered from what was first known as 'cowardice', for which the penalty was death, then diagnosed as 'hysteria' or 'neurasthenia', soon to become 'shell shock' and now usually labelled 'post traumatic stress disorder' (PTSD).
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       A former friend in Dieter's company is filled with hysteria and deserts. Patrols find him and he is executed in front of the company. this affects Dieter greatly and he begins to see the horrors of war.
  • The Germans initially believed that they were defending their fatherland against the Entente that encircled them and was bent on their destruction.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       Dieter is taught from an early age to serve Hitler and defend the Fatherland. He takes this motive to heart, and believes in an honorable death.
  • Until 1916 it was possible for the average Landser to believe that he was fighting a defensive war, given the information then available to him
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       Dieter truly believes he is "defending the Fatherland," until an officer, after many unsuccessful attempts, forces Dieter to see that Germany is not as it seems. 
  • Then the offensive ground to a standstill. By the summer of 1918 most soldiers knew that the war could not be won. The number of desertions increased dramatically and by the late autumn the army began to disintegrate.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       Due to his misguided and wrong teachings, Dieter remains firm on his decision to "fight for the Fuhrer."
  • The Allies also had an overwhelming superiority in artillery, tanks and mechanised transport and their equipment was greatly superior.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       Throughout the book, Allied superiority is seen. The Germans try to diffuse this by spreading reports of false victories, and Dieter believes these lies.  
  • during the First Battle of Ypres, some 1,500 young Germans were killed in a frontal assault on a strong Allied position. For some this was represented as a heroic sacrifice by the flower of German youth, and as an inspiring example to the young men waiting to serve their country. For others it was a slaughter of the innocents (Kindermord), a ghastly reminder of the horrors and insanity of war.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       In a battle like this one, Spencer and Dieter cross paths. Dieter is wounded badly trying to retreat down a hill. Spencer can hear the young soldier's  cries all through the following night, and decides to take action. He inches down the hill and bandages a shocked Dieter. Spencer is killed by German patrols, and Dieter is changed internally. He promises to live his life in gratitude to the unknown American who saved his life.
  • The Allies also had an overwhelmi
  • The German army had highly trained officers and experienced NCOs
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       Dieter hopes to become such officers.
  • the Germans unlike the British with their justifiable fear of 'going over the top' longed to go on the offensive. Cowering in their bunkers under a storm of steel they felt themselves to be utterly helpless objects. On the offensive they were autonomous subjects with their destiny in their own hands.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
       In Soldier Boys, Spencer feels the opposite way. He feels his company is always on the move and engaging in battles, and he longs to be on the defensive.
  • World War One
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Feb 15
       
      In Soldier Boys, the setting is World War Two.
anonymous

Making The Trek - Oregon National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service) - 0 views

www.nps.gov/...history1.htm

LevineThe JournalofJedediahBarstow;AnEmigrantontheOregonTrail

shared by anonymous on 10 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Rumors of hostile Indians coupled with unforgiving country, disease and dangerous work made life difficult.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      In The Journal of Jedediah Barstow; An emigrant on the Oregon Trail, Jedediah is a fifteen-year old heading west on the famous Oregon Trail. Despite the dangers of the trail, Jedediah knows his family will make it to Oregon. That all changes when his mother, father, and sister drown in the Kaw River early on in the overland trip.
  • In preparing for the trip, many emigrants overloaded their wagons with supplies.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      At one point in the trail, Jedediah's wagon train has to abandon all unnecessary possessions. Jedediah has none to start with, but prized treasures are left behind by others.
  • Platte River was a time for the emigrants to settle into travel mode. This meant getting used to hitching and unhitching the oxen, cattle and mules whenever a stop was made - hard and dangerous work. It also meant constant wagon maintenance, foraging for firewood and clean water, cooking over open fires and learning how to break and set camp every day
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      Jedediah at first helps fix broken wagon wheels and occasionally drive the oxen, but one night, he is reassigned to guard duty. Jedediah is attacked by a grizzly bear, but escapes with only a cut. This symbolizes the constant danger that followed pioneers in their work. 
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Chimney Rock
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      When the wagon train stops at Chimney Rock, Jedediah climbs it and begins to carve his name in the rock face. He reaches the "R" in Barstow before falling off, but his name is embedded in history.
  • Buffalo herds that initially were a dependable food source for the emigrants also thinned out due to excessive killing.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      A man in Jedediah's wagon train protests the slaughter of the buffalo, but the others laugh him off. In The Journal of Jedediah Barstow, [...] buffalo is eaten every day it is available.
  • choking dust compounded to make life decidedly unenjoyable. Though confrontations with Indians were rare, the fear of attack was a constant worry.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      Jedediah and the others are caught in a sandstorm at one point, and there are several encounters with peaceful Indians.
  • The Dalles, the emigrants were faced with either taking their chances on the dangerous Columbia River, or, starting in 1846, taking the safer but longer Barlow Road. Sam Barlow's toll road became the preferred route for the emigrants. Finally, if money, animals, wagons, supplies and morale held out, the emigrants reached the Willamette Valley.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 10 Mar 15
       
      A council is held to decide which path to take between these two, and the first major division occurs in Jedediah's wagon train. The company splits in half; Jedediah takes the safer but longer route.
anonymous

The role Halifax, Nova Scotia, played in the Titanic disaster. - 0 views

www3.sympatico.ca/...titanic.htm

LawsonGhosts of the Titanic

shared by anonymous on 31 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • is the key role which Halifax, Nova Scotia, played in the drama.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 31 Jan 15
       
       The setting of Ghosts of the Titanic is Halifax, Nova Scotia, relating to this article. 
  • White Star made arrangements with the cable ship MacKay-Bennett, lying idle in port at Halifax, to sail to the icy waters off the Grand Banks to recover the bodies of the Titanic victims.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 31 Jan 15
       
       The main character in Ghosts of the Titanic is Seventeen-year -old Angus Seaton, a crew member present on the MacKay-Bennett when it is sent to retrieve the dead of the Titanic.
  • Canon Kenneth Hinds of Halifax's All Saints Cathedral;
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 31 Jan 15
       
      Pastor Hinds of All Saint's Cathedral is mentioned briefly in the book, committing bodies to the sea. This traumatizes Angus, helping form his visions of a ghost from the Titanic.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Canon
  • Canon
  • the body of John Jacob Astor was recovered and identifed by the large diamond and platinum ring he wore and the $4,000 cash still in his pocket.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 31 Jan 15
       
       Jacob John Astor is also mentioned in this book, described as wearing a belt with a gold buckle, a gold watch, gold cufflinks with diamonds, a diamond ring with three stones, a golden pencil and over $4,000 of cash. It is also said he could afford one of the small numbers of coffins on board.
  • and the hard weather-beaten faces of the crew, whose harsh voices join in the hymn tunefully rendered by Canon Hinds,
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 31 Jan 15
       
      Canon Hinds repeats the same rites,"I commit your body to the deep," seventy-seven times to commemorate the bodies buried at sea during the burial ceremony on board the MacKay-Bennett. 
  • special memorial services were held at St. Mary's Cathedral and at the Brunswick Street Methodist Church. Mourners filled the churches and hundreds more gathered outside to pay their respects.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 31 Jan 15
       
       Angus Seaton attends a special memorial service for a five-year-old boy, whose body torments him for the rest of his life.
  • outside to pay their respects
anonymous

The Uphill Battle | Amaanah Refugee Services - 0 views

www.refugeelink.com/...the-uphill-battle

LingardBetweenTwoWorlds

shared by anonymous on 11 Mar 15 - No Cached
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 11 Mar 15
       
       In Between Two Worlds, the Petersons are a Latvian family fleeing the aftermath of World War Two in 1948. They are deported to Toronto, Canada, and need to adjust to a new lifestyle.
  • bombarded with overwhelming expenses with very limited supporting income.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 11 Mar 15
       
      Upon arriving in Canada, Lukas, the father, suddenly has a massive heart attack, and after a long time in the hospital he recovers. Lukas is unable to work for the rest of his life, and the financial support falls on the shoulders of the rest of the family.  
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • for refugees to seek employment, rebuild, and become self-sufficient.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 11 Mar 15
       
      In Between Two Worlds, the income is up to Kristina, the wife, and Hugo, Astra and Tom, The children. Kristina works washing clothes and cleaning. Hugo and Astra are older, and Hugo works at a construction site while Astra works at a dry cleaner. Tom, the youngest, works delivering groceries for a local grocery store. All this work barely pays for rent and food.
  • Learning a new language is never easy;
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 11 Mar 15
       
      Both Astra and Hugo enroll in nightly English classes, allowing no breaks in their day. Tom struggles between the new language he doesn't know and homework he can't understand.
  • lack the experience or education that translate to the American labor market. However, both are hit with a drastic short window of time to acquire employment. The highly-skilled accept any dead-end blue-collar job forcing them to waste their potential, while the remainder struggles to find any job at all.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 11 Mar 15
       
      Astra at first struggles to find a job, trying a dog food factory and other odd jobs before working at a dry cleaners. All the jobs the Petersons take are forced, having no ability to say no to the pay.
  • To add on, students are also pressured to financially support themselves and the family with part-time employment during their school life.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 11 Mar 15
       
      Tom does poorly in school because he has to support his family with his job. The teacher discovers this, and looks at his education in a different light.
  • Simple acts like visiting the family, contacting them often, or teaching them a thing or two about American life makes the world of a difference to the lives of a struggling fami
  • refugees were driven out of their homes, forced to resettle in strange lands due to life-threatening circumstances. Upon arrival in America, refugees must not only adapt to a new life but also battle psychological, physical, and financial hardships.
anonymous

Native Americans in the Civil war - Cowboys & Indians Magazine - January 2012 - 0 views

www.cowboysindians.com/...ive-Americans-in-the-Civil-war

BruchacMarchTowardstheThunder

shared by anonymous on 02 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • But what of the indigenous peoples of America?
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      in March Towards the Thunder, Louis Nolette is a Canadian Abenaki Indian. When the Civil War breaks out, he chooses not to enlist. Convinced by a enlister, Louis changes his mind, and signs up to be a soldier for the Union.
  • If fighting for the Union cause brought the respect and perhaps gratitude of those in power, then it was a means to an end. Army service also brought regular pay and food, adventure, and the continuation of an honorable tradition of Native warriors. Indians all over the North took up arms for the Union cause
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      Louis thought the army would hold many opportunities and rewards for him, but the grim reality of war was realized later.
  • also experienced discrimination. Fellow soldiers often  made uncomplimentary remarks, generally sticking to well-worn stereotypes of “desperate” or drunken men.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      Louis is placed in the "Fighting 69th" Irish Brigade. At first, Louis is taunted and teased about his Native American heritage. But on the battlefield, he earns his comrades' respect. Louis develops many friendships throughout his time as a soldier, including one with another Native American.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Petersburg. After the ill-fated Battle of the Crater during the seige of Petersburg,
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      Louis fights fiercely in all of these battles, living up to his reputation. 
  • Indians or African-Americans
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      In March Towards the Thunder, Louis actually befriends a African-American named Thomas Jefferson.
  • The repercussions of the enormous conflict entangled Native peoples living both within and without the borders of the Union and Confederate states.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
       Louis feels these consequences, when at the battle of Reams Station, he is shot in the leg. Louis goes through a lengthy recovery, and is dispatched due to injury. Louis is determined to come back into the army to support his friends after his injury heals.
  • By the end, a Native American — Ely S. Parker —
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
       Louis and his friends Artis actually meet Ely S. Parker on several occasions, and find him a source of inspiration.
anonymous

History of horses during WWI | HISTORY - 0 views

www.history.co.uk/...history-of-horses-during-wwi

WarHorseMorpurgo

shared by anonymous on 05 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • In the first year of war the countryside was emptied of shire horses and riding ponies, a heartbreaking prospect for farming families who saw their finest and most beloved horses requisitioned by the government.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Feb 15
       
       Joey is a farm horse, cared for and loved by Albert, the farmer's son. Joey is a magnificent red bay, one of the finest horses in Britain. World War One suddenly starts, and Albert's father is forced to sell Joey to the army to pay off debts.
  • infantrymen and cavalrymen who took charge of them and helped train them up, all tell their stories
  • either as beasts of burden or as cavalry horses. Some men formed close relationships with the horses, but they could do little to prevent the appallingly high death rate due to exhaustion, shelling and front-line charges.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Feb 15
       
       Joey does form close relationships with both humans and horses, but one at a time they are lost in the war. Joey truly aches for Albert and the life he had before the war.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The families who lost them,
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Feb 15
       
       Throughout the book, War Horse, Joey switches from owner to owner, including Captain Nicholls, Trooper Warren, an elderly French farmer and his granddaughter, the German artillery and medical unit, and finally, Albert once again. 
  • he horses were so vulnerable to artillery and machine gun fire, and to harsh winter conditions in the front line, that the losses remained appallingly high
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Feb 15
       
      In War Horse, while trapped in no-man's-land, Joey cuts his leg on rusty barbed wire on contracts tetanus. He is rescued by the Americans, recovers, and finds Albert, but other horses are less fortunate.
  • However, through all the suffering and heartbreak, the close relationship between the men and their horses shone through. They did their best to care for them in the most testing and tragic conditions. Some men became as close to their horses as to their fellow soldiers and their loss was felt as deeply. All had their own names, personalities and histories, never to be forgotten.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Feb 15
       
       All of Joey's owners make sure he is well cared for, and Joey grows close to his riders.
  • some of the surviving horses were sold as meat to Belgian butchers, being regarded as unfit for any other purpose. But for the few that returned home there was a joyous welcome and reunion
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Feb 15
       
       In War Horse, Joey is saved from a similar fate, due to a past owner's efforts to save him and bring Joey and Albert home together.
anonymous

T4 Program | Nazi policy | Encyclopedia Britannica - 0 views

www.britannica.com/...T4-Program

LeZotteT4

shared by anonymous on 02 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • to kill incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled, emotionally distraught, and elderly people.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      T4 is about Paula Becker, a young girl who lives in Germany during Word War Two. She is born partially deaf, and at eighteen months old, Paula is eventually completely deaf. 
  • Dr. Karl Brandt and Chancellery chief Philipp Bouhler
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
       These men nearly cost Paula her life as she is forced into hiding.
  • The Nazis referred to the program’s victims as “burdensome lives” and “useless eaters.”
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      The Nazis put these people in specialized "children wards"-they meant killing centers. Paula escapes this fate with the help of her uncle, who brings her to an orphanage who is willing to hide her.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • psychiatric institutions, hospitals, and homes for chronically ill patients.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      In T4, Paula claims the disabled in the institutions were the first to be eradicated.
  • killed people at first by starvation and lethal injection, they later chose asphyxiation by poison gas as the preferred killing technique.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      Knowing there would be opposition, the Nazis stated the murders were "final medical assistance."
  • urns containing ashes.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      In T4, the head of the orphanage, Father Michael warns Paula of the danger of being disabled. He tells her of a woman he knew who had a disabled sister. The Nazis had taken her sister, and all she received was an urn full of ashes.
  • Visits, however, were not possible
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
       Paula was not able to see her family for six years, constantly moving in fear of the Nazis. Her family is forced behind and is forgotten during those six years of terror.
  • While the program claimed over 70,000 victims during its two years of open operation, the killing centres murdered even more victims between the official conclusion of the program and the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 02 Mar 15
       
      It was only due to her courageous landlords that Paula survived, though she missed her childhood and went through things people, let alone a child, should go through.
  • T4 Program
anonymous

Seventh panther death of year reported in southwest Florida | TBO.com and The Tampa Tri... - 0 views

tbo.com/...-southwest-florida-b82465548z1

HiaasenScat

shared by anonymous on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • but it is now found primarily in southern Florida. The wildlife conservation commission estimates that between 100 and 160 adult panthers remain in the wild, south of the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 22 Apr 15
       
      Scat is the story of Nick Walker and his friend Marta. One day, one a field trip to the Black Vine Swamp, their biology teacher, Mrs. Starch, disappears after a small wildfire stops the trip. Nick and Marta suspect Duane Scrod Jr., nicknamed Smoke. But when they try to revisit the swamp, they get much, much more than what they were asking for.
  • been lost to development.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 22 Apr 15
       
      While searching for Mrs. Starch, Nick and Marta run into Twilly, a wildlife, well, extremist is the best word. Twilly has found Mrs. Starch deep in the Black Vine Swamp, and the kids are overjoyed to see her. Twilly informs Nick and Marta of the doomed Florida Panther, and they help him in his cause. Meanwhile, Drake McBride, head of the Red Diamond Energy Corporation, and his assistant, Jimmy Lee Bayliss, actually started the wildfire to clear the field trip away from their secret drilling operation on endangered Florida Panther grounds. 
  • protection
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 22 Apr 15
       
       In Scat, Nick, Marta, Mrs. Starch, and surprisingly Smoke team up and uncover the Red Diamond Energy Corporation's crimes - drilling on protected lands, and arson. Through many ups and downs, the team ends up saving a baby Florida panther and it's mother.
anonymous

Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues - 0 views

thewaterproject.org/r-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa

ParkALongWalkToWater

shared by anonymous on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Sep 14
       
      In A Long Walk to Water, Nya, a Neur tribe member in Sudan, has to walk several miles to a pond to bring water home for her family twice each day. Each trip there and back takes half a day. Because of this she cannot go to school or get an education.
  • Surface water sources are often highly polluted
  • There are limited sources of water available to provide clean drinking water
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • However, the high costs associated with drilling for water
  • Groundwater is the best resource to tap to provide clean water
  • One major challenge is the ability for both rural and urban Africans to access a clean water supply.
  • and the technical challenges in finding sources that are large enough to serve the population in need, present challenges that limit tapping the resource
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Sep 14
       
      At the end of A Long Walk to Water, a relief group headed by Salva, a man in the Dinka tribe of Sudan, drills a groundwater well for Nya's village. Nya will never have to walk to the pond again!
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 05 Sep 14
       
      Each day, Nya collects water for her family. The water from the pond she collects from is polluted. Not knowing this, Nya gives the water to her family, and her sister Akeer drinks it. Akeer gets sick, but is eventually cured.
  • Young children die from
  • dehydration and malnutrition, results of suffering from diarrheal illnesses
  • Women and young girls, who are the major role-players in accessing and carrying water, are prevented from doing income-generating work or attending school, as the majority of their day is often spent walking miles for their daily water needs
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