Gymnastics has the highest injury rate of all girls' sports, according to a report from Ohio State University.
27,000 gymnasts were hospitalized annually.
We don't typically think of gymnastics as a dangerous sport. In fact, many parents consider it an activity, but it has the same clinical incidence of catastrophic injuries as ice hockey,"
In a study published in this month’s Pediatrics, researchers at Ohio State University reviewed U.S. gymnastics injuries in girls between 1990 and 2001 and found that it carries one of the highest injury rates of all girls’ sports.
1889 - At the University of Minnosota Johnny Campbell was the first cheerleader. He yelled through a megaphone "Rah, Rah, Rah! Ski - U - Mah! Hoo - Ray! Varsity Minn - e-so - tah!
The introduction of Western cultural values, which had flooded Japan
by the late nineteenth century, led to a dichotomy between traditional
values and attempts to duplicate and assimilate a variety of clashing
new ideas
Japanese aesthetics
provide a key to understanding artistic works perceivably different from
those coming from Western traditions.
Within the East Asian artistic tradition, China has been the
acknowledged teacher and Japan the devoted student.
Japanese painters used the devices
of the cutoff, close-up, and fade-out by the twelfth century in yamato-e,
or Japanese-style, scroll painting, perhaps one reason why modern
filmmaking has been such a natural and successful art form in Japan.
The calligrapher--a member of the
Confucian literati class, or samurai--had a higher status, while artists
of great genius were often recognized in the medieval period by
receiving a name from a feudal lord and thus rising socially.
Artists divided into two main camps, those continuing in traditional
Japanese style and those who wholeheartedly studied the new Western
culture.
After World War II, many artists began working in art forms derivied
from the international scene, moving away from local artistic
developments into the mainstream of world art.
Two terms originating from Zen Buddhist
meditative practices describe degrees of tranquillity: one, the repose
found in humble melancholy (wabi), the other, the serenity
accompanying the enjoyment of subdued beauty (sabi).
The Cultural Affairs Division
is concerned with such areas as art and culture promotion, arts
copyrights, and improvements in the national language.
A new generation of the
avant-garde has broken with this tradition, often receiving its training
in the West. In the traditional arts, however, the master-pupil system
preserves the secrets and skills of the past.
Another seminal center is Tama Arts University in Tokyo, which
produced many of Japan's late twentieth- century innovative young
artists
In 1989 the fifth woman ever
to be so distinguished was cited for Japanese-style painting, while for
the first time two women--a writer and a costume designer--were
nominated for the Order of Cultural Merit, another official honor
carrying the same stipend.
The Cultural Properties Protection Division originally was
established to oversee restorations after World War II.
During the 1980s, many important prehistoric and
historic sites were investigated by the archaeological institutes that
the agency funded, resulting in about 2,000 excavations in 1989.
A 1975 amendment to the Cultural Properties Protection Act of 1897
enabled the Agency for Cultural Affairs to designate traditional areas
and buildings in urban centers for preservation.
Individual artists and groups, such
as a dance troupe or a pottery village, are designated as mukei
bunkazai (intangible cultural assets) in recognition of their
skill.
A growing number of large corporations
join major newspapers in sponsoring exhibitions and performances and in
giving yearly prizes.
A number of foundations promoting the arts arose in the 1980s,
including the Cultural Properties Foundation set up to preserve historic
sites overseas, especially along the Silk Route in Inner Asia and at
Dunhuang in China.
After World War II, artists typically gathered in arts associations,
some of which were long-established professional societies while others
reflected the latest arts movement.
By the 1980s, however, avant-garde painters and sculptors
had eschewed all groups and were "unattached" artists.