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Kate L

The Energy Story - Chapter 15: Solar Energy - 0 views

  • Solar energy can also be used to make electricity.
  • solar power plants, like the one in the picture to the right in California's Mojave Desert, use a highly curved mirror called a parabolic trough to focus the sunlight on a pipe running down a central point above the curve of the mirror.
  • mirror focuses the sunlight to strike the pipe
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  • gets so hot that it can boil water into steam
  • team can then be used to turn a turbine to make electricity.
  • California's Mojave desert, there are huge rows of solar mirrors arranged in what's called "solar thermal power plants"
  • this idea to make electricity for more than 350,000 homes
  • problem with solar energy is that it works only when the sun is shining
  • cloudy days and at night, the power plants can't create energy.
  • solar plants, are a "hybrid" technology
  • daytime they use the sun
  • night and on cloudy days they burn natural gas to boil the water so they can continue to make electricity.
  • form of solar power plants to make electricity is called a Central Tower Power Plant, like the one to the right - the Solar Two Project.
  • Sunlight is reflected off 1,800 mirrors circling the tall tower
  • mirrors are called heliostats
  • move and turn to face the sun all day long
  • light is reflected back to the top of the tower in the center of the circle where a fluid is turned very hot by the sun's rays.
  • luid can be used to boil water
  • make steam to turn a turbine and a generator.
  • We can also change the sunlight directly to electricity using solar cells.
  • Solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells
  • PV cells for short
  • be found on many small appliances
  • calculators
  • even on spacecraft
  • first developed in the 1950s for use on U.S. space satellites
  • made of silicon, a special type of melted sand.
  • sunlight strikes the solar cell, electrons (red circles) are knocked loose
  • move toward the treated front surface (dark blue color)
  • electron imbalance is created between the front and back
  • two surfaces are joined by a connector, like a wire, a current of electricity occurs between the negative and positive sides.
  • individual solar cells are arranged together in a PV module and the modules are grouped together in an array.
  • arrays are set on special tracking devices to follow sunlight all day long.
  • electrical energy from solar cells can then be used directly
  • used in a home for lights and appliances
  • in a business
  • Solar energy can be stored in batteries to light a roadside billboard at night
  • energy can be stored in a battery for an emergency roadside cellular telephone when no telephone wires are around.
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    Solar/ thermal energy
Kate L

Alternative Fuel Sources - Cheaper And Eco-Friendly - 0 views

  • The conventional and traditional fuel sources are becoming more and more expensive to extract and their indiscriminate use in the past century has resulted in their depletion.
  • natural fuel sources will reach critically low levels and precipitate a crisis much earlier than we think.
  • promising discoveries
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  • mankind would have perfected and commercialized alternate sources of fuel that will be eco- friendly and affordable too.
  • Its contents of 15% gasoline and 85% ethanol mean that it is at least better than using pure gasoline.
  • E 85, bio-diesel
  • Bio-diesel is one such alternate fuel source that is extracted from plants.
  • uch alternate fuel sources like E 85 score above gasoline, they still pollute and require a vast amount of corn to be grown
  • translates into availability of lesser land for growing food for people.
  • electric cars seem to be the best alternate fuel source that we have
  • conserve our natural fuel sources.
  • efficient because all of the electricity that they need can be generated at one central location.
  • much better option than consuming petroleum derivatives and polluting more by using small and inefficient combustion motors.
  • Electricity
  • produced in any manner that suits the needs on a particular location depending on the resources it has
  • coal, hydro-electric or wind to produce this electricity that is required for electric cars.
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    alternative fuel sources
Kate L

Zebra car on Flickr - Photo Sharing! - 0 views

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    Electric car at CES
Erika Moz

Global Warming: The Causes - 0 views

  • In 2002 about 40% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions stem from the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generation. Coal accounts for 93 percent of the emissions from the electric utility industry. US Emissions Inventory 2004 Executive Summary p. 10 Coal emits around 1.7 times as much carbon per unit of energy when burned as does natural gas and 1.25 times as much as oil. Natural gas gives off 50% of the carbon dioxide, the principal greenhouse gas, released by coal and 25% less carbon dioxide than oil, for the same amount of energy produced. Coal contains about 80 percent more carbon per unit of energy than gas does, and oil contains about 40 percent more. For the typical U.S. household, a metric ton of carbon equals about 10,000 miles of driving at 25 miles per gallon of gasoline or about one year of home heating using a natural gas-fired furnace or about four months of electricity from coal-fired generation.
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    Causes of global warming.
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    global warming
Kate L

Electric Gas on Flickr - Photo Sharing! - 0 views

shared by Kate L on 10 Dec 08 - Cached
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    Computer generated image with HDRI images for reflections.
haley haegner

Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - 0 views

  • electric motor that assists the engine when accelerating
  • powered by batteries that recharge automatically while the car is being driven.
  • hybrid provides lower gasoline consumption and a lower level of polluting emissions than the gas-powered car;
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    car
Kate L

Have Plug, Will Travel on Flickr - Photo Sharing! - 0 views

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    by kqedquest
hugo vergara

Tags - Luxury Cars: Cruise to the luxury lifestyle - 0 views

  • Mercedes-Benz Formula Zero luxury racer concept
  • Million Euro Mini Limo is World’s Most Pimped Ride
  • The Iconic GTR Roadster, great performance and unique style.
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  • Alfa Romeo Bertone BAT 11 Concept heads for limited production
  • Ronn Motors' $150K Scorpion would do Captain Planet proud
  • Lightening GT All-electric sports car comes with a pricey tag
  • Pimped-Put Bentley Gold for Bling-Lovers
  • Pimp My Ride!
  • DC Designs' Ambierod - Most expensive designed car ever shown at Auto Expo
  • Top ten luxury cars gearing to burn the road
  • Big cars, big bills - Luxury doesn't come cheap
  • The New Ford Mondeo Deemed Allergy Free
  • Toyota Launches World's Most Expensive Hybrid for $104,750
  • 2008 Rolls-Royce Corniche Convertible All-Set to Debut
  • The Mercedes luxury cars epitomize several years of design that have made Mercedes Benz become one of the most illustrious luxury brands in the world
  • The Iconic GTR Roadster is being introduced at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance Car Show. For the uninitiated, only the most beautiful and luxuriously designed cars are showcased at Concours d’Elegance
  • Some people buy them for the comfort or features, and some just to make a statement
  • Texas-based Ronn Motors are out to spoil their customers and that too in some style
  • If you had been worrying about all the fuel your luxury sedan or the sports car you bought recently consume, then you are not alone
  • If you think Bentley is a bit less classy to justify your blingy lifestyle then you are in for a surprise with this pimped-out Bentley’s Gold version from ASI, the Japanese tuner specialized in Bentleys
  • Beau Boeckmann of Galpin Auto Sports whose pimped rides have been featured earlier in MTV's "Pimp My Ride."
  • Dilip Chhabria of DC Designs will officially unveil his super luxury concept car dubbed Ambierod on January 10, 2008 at the Auto Expo
  • Super luxury cars have been here after Karl Benz got that first patent for a motorwagen in Germany in January 1886
Sara Espinosa

Youthink! | 4Kids | Urbanization - 0 views

  • There are more opportunities to find work in the city than in the countryside. This attracts poor people who want to improve their lives, and create a better future for their children.
  • lack of housing
  • newcomers often set up temporary shelters on the outskirts of cities. It is in these temporary shelters that the problems of urbanization arise.
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  • electricity, running water, a sewerage system, roads,
  • don't
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    urbanization
Krisly Philip

Ways to Prevent Global Warming - 0 views

  • Reasons for Global Warming Global warming can be minimized to a great extent, if we eliminate the causes which are mostly human made. The responsibility of preventing global warming rests both on individual as well as the state. In individual level we can change our practices such as minimize the usage of fossil based fuel, reduce the electricity consumption by using energy efficient appliances. Vehicular pollution can be minimized by using the public transport system. The nucleus goal is to beget the global warming under control by restricting the carbon dioxide release and other heat ensnaring greenhouse gases into the environment. On an average nearly 10000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released per year in significant countries like Canada and US. This can be immediately curtailed by becoming energy efficient. Reducing the usage of oil, coal and gasoline are one of the effective ways of preventing global warming.
Sara Espinosa

In Pictures: The 10 Biggest Cities Of 2025 - Forbes.com - 0 views

  • Tokyo, Japan Current Population: 35.2 million Projected 2025 Population: 36.4 million Annual Growth Rate 2007 to 2025: 0.11%
  • Tokyo is a major global financial center. Its rail system, the largest in the world, is clean and efficient.
  • Tokyo's water and electricity capacity is in fine shape for a growing population, experts say
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  • but industrial and household waste removal is a growing concern. Per
  • capita tonnage has doubled in the past 20 years, and finding urban space to build more processing plants has been a challenge.
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    future
Kate L

Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - 0 views

  • basic laws of physics dictate that energy is conserved and can only be changed from one form to another or into matter.
  • Fuel, on the other hand, is the accumulation of matter and therefore represents a store of energy.
  • released in the form of heat when the fuel is burned in chemical or nuclear reactions
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  • cannot be reversed to regenerate the original fuel mass
  • a fuel problem does exist
  • If the supply of fuel is finite, not only will there be no energy supply when the fuel is exhausted
    • Kate L
       
      Finite means: a form of a verb that can occur as the head of a sentence. In Sam wants to leave, wants is finite, leave is non-finite.
  • all other processes that depend on it will cease
  • Several factors combine to make the problem an urgent one
  • World population
  • demand for energy will also increase
  • coal, oil (petroleum), natural gas, uranium, and fuel wood—is limited and insufficient to sustain rapid rates of development.
  • debate about the exact length of time available before the effects of a worldwide shortage become apparent
  • shortage will occur.
  • geothermal energy, hydroelectric power, peat, ocean thermal energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind power, and fuel wood.
  • replenish themselves naturally in a relatively short time and will therefore always be available.
  • Renewable energy resources
  • indirectly responsible for many other renewable energy sources.
  • ocean currents and winds are results of the uneven distribution of solar radiation over the Earth's surface
  • winds in turn produce waves whose energy can be utilized
  • windmills and wind power
  • ocean thermal energy, solar heating of the upper layers of the ocean produces temperature gradients that can be harnessed to generate electricity
  • Sun also powers the hydrologic cycle, in which ocean water is evaporated, transported over the continents, and precipitated as rain or snow to form rivers
  • flow energy produces hydroelectric power.
  • energy locked in such renewable fuel sources as wood and peat is derived from the Sun by the process of photosynthesis.
  • renewable energy source is geothermal energy
  • arises through the leakage of heat from the Earth's interior to the surface
  • over the entire surface of the Earth at a very low average rate, leakage is much higher in certain locations.
  • Yellowstone National Park
  • Iceland, Italy, and New Zealand.
  • possible to tap the heat and use it for human purposes.
  • Nonrenewable resources originate from two processes: (1) photosynthesis, which occurred many millions of years ago, followed by the fossilization of the plant and animal life that resulted, and (2) the formation of the Earth itself.
  • fossil fuels—coal, oil (petroleum), and natural gas;
  • produced the fuels for nuclear energy, such as uranium for fission and lighter elements for fusion
  • irreplaceable fuels represent an energy capital that must be invested wisely.
  • A cleaner-burning fuel than oil, natural gas seemed to be in abundant supply at the turn of the 21st century and, with the greatly enlarged network of gas pipelines, was rapidly growing in use.
  • nearly total dependence on fossil fuels and hydroelectricity ensures that efforts to solve energy problems by switching to alternative sources will have to overcome a great deal of inertia, both economic and psychological.
  • sources as solar power, wind power, and synthetic fuels suffer from the serious drawback that few major installations now exist.
  • handicapped by the engineering problems of converting the energy to a form useful to human beings.
  • solar energy reaches the top of the atmosphere in amounts 10,000 times greater than all human production of energy, it reaches the Earth's surface at rates of only about 80 to 250 W/m2, and considerably less on cloudy days.
  • arge-scale system based on solar-collector panels will be physically huge, causing problems of maintenance and land use
  • Wind power, wave power, and ocean-thermal-generation sources suffer from similar difficulties
    • Kate L
       
      Even though there are some difficulties with working towards the alternative fuels, it may prove to be more efficient for smaller things (heat and power to small communities or single buildings) in the long run
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    Energy Problem
cory delacruz

Blue Sky - Why is the Sky Blue? - 0 views

  • end of the spectrum are the reds and oranges. These gradually shade into yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. The colors have different wavelengths, frequencies, and energies. Violet has the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum. That means it has the highest frequency and energy. Red has the longest wavelength, and lowest frequency and energy. LIGHT IN THE AIR Light travels through space in a straight line as long as nothing disturbs it. As light moves through the atmosphere, it continues to go straight until it bumps into a bit of dust or a gas molecule. Then what happens to the light depends on its wave length and the size of the thing it hits. Dust particles and water droplets are much larger than the wavelength of visible light. When light hits these large particles, it gets reflected, or bounced off, in different directions. The different colors of light are all reflected by the particle in the same way. The reflected light appears white because it still contains all of the same colors. Gas molecules are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. If light bumps into them, it acts differently. When light hits a gas molecule, some of it may get absorbed. After awhile, the molecule radiates (releases, or gives off) the light in a different direction. The color that is radiated is the same color that was absorbed. The different colors of light are affected differently. All of the co
  • d after Lord John Rayleigh, an English physicist, who first described it in the 1870's.) WHY IS THE SKY BLUE? The blue color of the sky is due to Rayleigh scattering. As light moves through the atmosphere, most of the longer wavelengths pass straight through. Little of the red, orange and yellow light is affected by t
  • As you look closer to the horizon, the sky appears much paler in color. To reach you, the scattered blue light must pass through more air. Some of it gets scattered away again in other directions. Less blue light reaches your eyes. The color of the sky near the horizon appears paler or white.
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  • THE BLACK SKY AND WHITE SUN On Earth, the sun appears yellow. If you were out in space, or on the moon, the sun would look white. In space, there is no atmosphere to scatter the sun's light. On Earth, some of the shorter wavelength light (the blues and violets) are removed from the direct rays of the sun by scattering. The remaining colors together appear yellow. Also, out in space, the sky looks dark and black, instead of blue. This is because there is no atmosphere. There is no scattered light to reach your eyes. WHY IS THE SUNSET RED? As the sun begins to set, the light must travel farther through the atmosphere before it gets to you. More of the light is reflected and scattered. As less reaches you directly, the sun appears less
  • The sky around the setting sun may take on many colors. The most spectacular shows occur when the air contains many small particles of dust or water. These particles reflect light in all directions. Then, as some of the light heads towards you, different amounts of the shorter wavelength colors are scattered out. You see the longer wavelengths, and the sky appears red, pink or orange.
  • RE ABOUT:THE ATMOSPHERE WHAT IS THE ATMOSPHERE? The atmosphere is the mixture of gases and other materials that surround the Earth in a thin, mostly transparent shell. It is held in place by the Earth's gravity. The main components are nitrogen (78.09%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%), and carbon dioxide (0.03%). The atmosphere also contains small amounts, or traces, of water (in local concentrations ranging from 0% to 4%), solid particles, neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, xenon and ozone. The study of the atmosphere is called meteorology. Life on Earth would not be possible without the atmosphere.
  • d increases with increasing altitude. The increase is caused by the absorption of UV radiation by the oxygen and ozone. · The temperature increase with altitude results in a layering effect. It creates a global "inversion layer", and reduces vertical convection. Mesosphere - Extends out to about 100 km (65 miles) · Temperature decreases rapidly with increasing altitude. Thermosphere - Extends out to about 400 km ( 250 miles)
  • hes the Earth, 30% is reflected back into space by clouds and the Earth's surface. The atmosphere absorbs 19%. Only 51% is absorbed by the Earth's surface. We are not normally aware of it but air does have weight. The column of air above us exerts pressure on us. This pressure at sea level is defined as one atmosphere. Other equivalent measurements you may hear used are 1,013 millibars, 760 mm Hg (mercury), 29.92 inches of Hg, or 14.7 pounds/square inch (psi). Atmospheric pressure decreases rapidly with height. Pressure drops by a factor of 10 for every 16 km (10 miles) increase in altitude. This means that the pressure is 1 atmosphere at sea level, but 0.1 atmosphere at 16 km and only 0.01 atmosphere at 32 km. The density of the lower atmosphere is about 1 kg/cubic meter (1 oz./cubic foot). There are approximately 300 billion billion (3 x 10**20, or a 3 followed by 20 zeros) molecules per cubic inch (16.4 cubic ce
  • ers). At ground level, each molecule is moving at about 1600 km/hr (1000 miles/hr), and collides with other molecules 5 billion times per second. The density of air also decreases rapidly with altitude. At 3 km (2 miles) air density has decreased by 30%. People who normally live closer to sea level experience temporary breathing difficulties when traveling to these altitudes. The highest permanent human settlements are at about 4 km (3 miles). LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE The atmosphere is divided into layers based on temperature, composition and electrical properties. These layers are approximate and the boundaries vary, depending on the seasons and latitude. (The boundaries also depend on which "authority" is defining them.) LAYERS BASED ON COMPOSITION Homosphere
  • LAYERS BASED ON TEMPERATURE Troposphere - Height depends on the seasons and latitude. It extends from ground level up to about 16 km (10 miles) at the equator, and to 9 km (5 miles) at the North and South Poles. · The prefix "tropo" means change. Changing conditions in the Troposphere result in our weather. · Temperature decreases with increasing altitude. Warm air rises, then cools and falls back to Earth. This process is called convection, and results in huge movements of air. Winds in this layer are mostly vertical. · Contains more air molecules than
  • · The air is very thin. · The prefix "strato" is related to layers, or stratification. · The bottom of this layer is calm. Jet planes often fly in the lower Stratosphere to avoid bad weather in the Troposphere. · The upper part of the Stratosphere holds the high winds known as the jet streams. These blow horizontally at speeds up to 480 km/hour (300 miles/hour) · Contains the "ozone layer" located
  • gen we need to breath. But it also serves other important functions. It moderates the planet's temperature, reducing the extremes that occur on airless worlds. For example, temperatures on the moon range from 120 °C (about 250 °F) in the day to -170 °C (about -275 °F) at night. The atmosphere
    • cory delacruz
       
      sounds good, by the way am i annoying you with my sticky note??? well, TOO BAD!!!!!!
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