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end of the spectrum are the reds and oranges. These gradually shade into yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. The colors have different wavelengths, frequencies, and energies. Violet has the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum. That means it has the highest frequency and energy. Red has the longest wavelength, and lowest frequency and energy. LIGHT IN THE AIR Light travels through space in a straight line as long as nothing disturbs it. As light moves through the atmosphere, it continues to go straight until it bumps into a bit of dust or a gas molecule. Then what happens to the light depends on its wave length and the size of the thing it hits. Dust particles and water droplets are much larger than the wavelength of visible light. When light hits these large particles, it gets reflected, or bounced off, in different directions. The different colors of light are all reflected by the particle in the same way. The reflected light appears white because it still contains all of the same colors. Gas molecules are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. If light bumps into them, it acts differently. When light hits a gas molecule, some of it may get absorbed. After awhile, the molecule radiates (releases, or gives off) the light in a different direction. The color that is radiated is the same color that was absorbed. The different colors of light are affected differently. All of the co

d after Lord John Rayleigh, an English physicist, who first described it in the 1870's.) WHY IS THE SKY BLUE? The blue color of the sky is due to Rayleigh scattering. As light moves through the atmosphere, most of the longer wavelengths pass straight through. Little of the red, orange and yellow light is affected by t

As you look closer to the horizon, the sky appears much paler in color. To reach you, the scattered blue light must pass through more air. Some of it gets scattered away again in other directions. Less blue light reaches your eyes. The color of the sky near the horizon appears paler or white.

largest bird native to Australia

second-largest extant bird in the world by height

over most of mainland Australia, although it avoids heavily populated areas, dense forest and arid areas

same size as a Black Bear

5-6 feet high

276 pounds and males wheighing 10% to 20% more than females

the only mammals naturally capable of flight

Bats are mammals

Megabats eat fruit, nectar or pollen

Physical growth in stature and weight occurs over the 15-20 years following birth, as the individual changes from the average weight of 7 1/2 pounds and length of 20" at full-term birth to full adult size. As stature and weight increase, the individual's proportions also change, from the relatively large head and small torso and limbs of the neonate, to the adult's relatively small head and long torso and limbs.

Abilities for physical movement change through childhood from the largely reflexive (unlearned,involuntary) movement patterns of the young infant to the highly skilled voluntary movements characteristic of later childhood and adolescence

The Devils did, and poof, their magical run to the 2000 Stanley Cup Championship had begun. They became the first team, down 3-1 in the conference finals, to reach the Stanley Cup Finals since the league expanded in 1967.

Larry Robinson (shown, 1999-00 season) is named the ninth head coach in Devils' history.

The bat is more closely related to primates.

Bats are fantastic fliers. They are able to truly fly. Bats are the only mammals able to have powered flight.

A bat's body is made for flight. The neck is short, the chest is large and the stomach is narrow. In order to fly a body must have a wide, thin surface. It also needs the power to push through the air.

A deadly toxin, arsenic is known for its ability to end life.

Since the 1990s, scientists have discovered about 20 species of bizarre bacteria that "breathe" arsenic.

They are typically found in environments where oxygen is scarce and have been forced to survive on whatever strange substance is easily available.

Even small doses provoked large discharges of coral mucous -- a clear sign of environmental stress -- within 18 to 48 hours. Within 96 hours complete bleaching of corals had occurred.

Pesticides, hydrocarbons and other contaminants have also been found to induce algae or coral to release viruses, hastening the bleaching process.

An estimated 4,000 to 6,000 tons of sunscreen are released annually in reef areas, with 25 percent of the sunscreen ingredients on skin released into water over the course of a 20-minute submersion.

Bats are one of the most prolific forms of mammals with over 900 species living in the world and making up over 20% of all mammals.

Most U.S. bats eat insects. A single bat can eat up to 1,200 mosquitoes in one hour.

Bats like to come out to eat at night around dusk. Bats flight pattern is much more erratic than birds so look for this pattern.

Ader kept working to perfect his airplane, and finally, with the financial backing of the French Army, he built Avion III, a flying machine similar in design to the Eole but with a longer wingspan and two four-blade propellers. On Oct. 14, 1897, Ader tested his Avion at Satory with a military observer team present. Ader claimed that that day he had again flown, but three witnesses disagreed with each other about whether Ader actually took off and flew the Avion before it crashed.

SAMUEL PIERPONT LANGLEY

Langley was soon experimenting with models, the first of which were powered by rubber bands

argest member of the Kingfisher family.

in captivity: Up to 20 years

eucalyptus forests of eastern Australia

Tokyo, Japan Current Population: 35.2 million Projected 2025 Population: 36.4 million Annual Growth Rate 2007 to 2025: 0.11%

Tokyo is a major global financial center. Its rail system, the largest in the world, is clean and efficient.

Tokyo's water and electricity capacity is in fine shape for a growing population, experts say

He conceived the basic idea of an electromagnetic telegraph in 1832, and produced the first working telegraph set in 1836. This made transmission possible over any distance.

can easily converse at 20 to 30 words per minute

Morse Code can be transmitted using sound or light