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HttpClient is a HTTP/1.1 compliant HTTP agent implementation based on HttpCore. It also provides reusable components for client-side authentication, HTTP state management, and HTTP connection management. HttpComponents Client is a successor of and replacement for Commons HttpClient 3.x. Users of Commons HttpClient are strongly encouraged to upgrade.

"Since 1994, the Java programming language evolved and became a valid tool to develop reliable and performant server applications as opposed to just applets and client applications. The major disadvantage of the Java platform is that still today the only portable way to start a Java application relies on a single point of entry: the public static void main(String[]) method. Having a single-point of entry is a valid solution for client applications, where interactively a user can command to the application to quit (which can terminate the Virtual Machine process at calling the System.exit(int) method), but in those cases where the application is not interactive (server applications) there is currently no portable way to notify the Virtual Machine of its imminent shutdown. A server application written in Java might have to perform several tasks before being able to shutdown the Virtual Machine process. For example in the case of a Servlet container, before the VM process is shut down, sessions might need to be serialized to disk, and web applications need to be destroyed. One common solution to this problem is to create (for example) a ServerSocket and wait for a particular message to be issued. When the message is received, all operations required to shut down the server applications are performed and at the end the System.exit method is called to terminate the Virtual Machine process. This method however, has several disadvantages and risks: In case of a system-wide shutdown, the Virtual Machine process may be shut down directly by the operating system without notifying the running server application. If an attacker finds out the shutdown message to send to the server and discovers a way to send this message, he can easily interrupt the server's operation, bypassing all the security restrictions implemented in the operating system. Most multi-user operating systems already have a way in which server applications are started and stopped. Under Unix based

"Executing external processes from Java is a well-known problem area. It is inheriently platform dependent and requires the developer to know and test for platform specific behaviors, for example using cmd.exe on Windows or limited buffer sizes causing deadlocks. The JRE support for this is very limited, albeit better with the new Java SE 1.5 ProcessBuilder class. Reliably executing external processes can also require knowledge of the environment variables before or after the command is executed. In J2SE 1.1-1.4 there is not support for this, since the method, System.getenv(), for retriving environment variables is deprecated. There are currently several different libraries that for their own purposes have implemented frameworks around Runtime.exec() to handle the various issues outlined above. The proposed project should aim at coordinating and learning from these initatives to create and maintain a simple, reusable and well-tested package. Since some of the more problematic platforms are not readily available, it is my hope that the broad Apache community can be a great help."

Writing your own logging framework is the perfect coding crime. If you can convince your manager to put it on the project plan, you are guaranteed to have success. At the end of each day, you will go home feeling happy and satisfied. It will feel like you are doing something creative. You will get the intellectual stimulation without the risk of failure. Even the Sun engineers fell into this trap. Prior to Java 4, we had a perfectly good logging framework in Log4J. However, instead of adopting this into the standard Java distribution, we ended up with java.util.logging. There are lots of Java logging frameworks available, even meta-logging frameworks like SLF4J and Jakarta Commons. These are supposed to abstract the logging frameworks so you can change the implementation without touching your code. http://www.javaspecialists.eu/archive/Issue177.html

Some of the common questions relating to cyclomatic complexity are "How does my code compare to others?" and "What is a good number for a particular class?" The iPlasma project answers these questions (see Resources). iPlasma is a platform, created as a university project in Romania, for quality assessment of object-oriented design. It generates a pyramid, showing key metrics for your project along with comparisons to industry-standard ranges for those numbers.

"JAnnocessor is a new open-source framework for powerful, flexible, yet easy processing of annotated Java code. Its main purpose is compile-time, annotation-driven source code generation in a declarative and customizable fashion. JAnnocessor is built on top of Java APT, encapsulating the Java source code model in a rich and convenient high-level domain model that serves as a good target for expressive matching and transformation. Finally, a template engine is used for customizable template-based source code generation. Having simplicity and productivity in mind, JAnnocessor has many useful features that make it enjoyable: smart imports organization, logging delegation, graphical UI for real-time debug, hot swap of processors and templates, as well as out-of-the-box common annotations, processors and templates."

The Simple Logging Facade for Java or (SLF4J) serves as a simple facade or abstraction for various logging frameworks, e.g. java.util.logging, log4j and logback, allowing the end user to plug in the desired logging framework at deployment time. Before you start using SLF4J, we highly recommend that you read the two-page SLF4J user manual. In case you wish to migrate your Java source files to SLF4J, consider our migrator tool which can migrate your project into SLF4J in minutes. In case an externally-maintained component you depend on uses a logging API other than SLF4J, such as commons logging, log4j or j.u.l, have a look at SLF4J's binary-support for legacy APIs.

XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Features Ease of use. A high level facade is supplied that simplifies common use cases. No mappings required. Most objects can be serialized without need for specifying mappings. Performance. Speed and low memory footprint are a crucial part of the design, making it suitable for large object graphs or systems with high message throughput. Clean XML. No information is duplicated that can be obtained via reflection. This results in XML that is easier to read for humans and more compact than native Java serialization. Requires no modifications to objects. Serializes internal fields, including private and final. Supports non-public and inner classes. Classes are not required to have default constructor. Full object graph support. Duplicate references encountered in the object-model will be maintained. Supports circular references. Integrates with other XML APIs. By implementing an interface, XStream can serialize directly to/from any tree structure (not just XML). Customizable conversion strategies. Strategies can be registered allowing customization of how particular types are represented as XML. Error messages. When an exception occurs due to malformed XML, detailed diagnostics are provided to help isolate and fix the problem. Alternative output format. The modular design allows other output formats. XStream ships currently with JSON support and morphing.

Spring Security is a powerful and highly customizable authentication and access-control framework. It is the de-facto standard for securing Spring-based applications Spring Security is one of the most mature and widely used Spring projects. Founded in 2003 and actively maintained by SpringSource since, today it is used to secure numerous demanding environments including government agencies, military applications and central banks. It is released under an Apache 2.0 license so you can confidently use it in your projects. Spring Security is also easy to learn, deploy and manage. Our dedicated security namespace provides directives for most common operations, allowing complete application security in just a few lines of XML. We also offer complete tooling integration in SpringSource Tool Suite, plus our Spring Roo rapid application development framework. The Spring Community Forum and SpringSource offer a variety of free and paid support services. Spring Security is also integrated with many other Spring technologies, including Spring Web Flow, Spring Web Services, SpringSource Enterprise, SpringSource Application Management Suite and SpringSource tc Server.

Janino is a super-small, super-fast Java™ compiler. Not only can it compile a set of source files to a set of class files like the JAVAC tool, but also can it compile a Java™ expression, block, class body or source file in memory, load the bytecode and execute it directly in the same JVM. Janino is not intended to be a development tool, but an embedded compiler for run-time compilation purposes, e.g. expression evaluators or "server pages" engines like JSP. JANINO is integrated with Apache Commons JCI ("Java Compiler Interface") and JBoss Rules / Drools. JANINO can also be used for static code analysis or code manipulation. JANINO can be configured to use the javax.tools.JavaCompiler API (available since JDK 1.6), which removes the Java 5-related limitations.

" GlassFish V3 has improved the way to front GlassFish with Apache HTTP Server. Unlike the V2 way where users had to copy tomcat-ajp.jar and commons-*.jar, you can just enable mod_jk in V3 using the network-listener's attribute "jk-enabled" without copying any additional jars into its lib directory. You can also create jk-connectors under different virtual-servers (not just default virtual-server "server" in V2) using the network-listener's "jk-enabled" attribute. "

The goal of the Eclipse Scout project is making it easy to build distributed enterprise applications based on the Eclipse platform. It consists of a runtime framework providing transparent service communication between the client and backend part and is shipped with a rich set of common user interface components. The user interface is not built for a particular rendering technology but it encapsulates the core functionality into a headless model. GUI factories are available for rendering the client model into a particular target UI platform. SWT and Swing are supported out of the box and an AJAX GUI factory could be easily added. Developing Scout applications is supported by the Scout SDK, a plug-in set built on top of Eclipse PDE and Eclipse JDT. The Scout SDK works directly on the bare Java resources and assists the development task by providing an augmented view on the underlying Java code. Additionally, it comes with a rich set of wizards and operations for modifying the Scout application project just by editing the underlying Java code. There is no meta-data required. Hence a developer can switch between editing resources using Eclipse's standard editors and leveraging the features of Scout SDK at any point in time. Eclipse Scout can be used to create multi-tier client/server applications, standalone client applications or OSGi-based server applications. Basically, there are three main advantages when choosing Scout as your framework for building such applications. First, the Scout runtime is service oriented by design. Almost every functionality is provided as an OSGi service. Every OSGi bundle may make use of them. Second, Scout provides a rich set of UI elements being uncoupled from a particular GUI technology. And third, building distributed client/server applications is as easy as if both parts would run within the same local JVM.