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Katja Saje

Arhiv | Delo - 0 views

  • Mednarodna zveza za telekomunikacije (ITU) potrdila standard za podrobno pregledovanje internetnega prometa (deep packet inspection, dpi).
  • Internetni promet je sestavljen iz t. i. paketov. V vsakem je del vsebine (spletne strani, datoteke ali česa drugega), paket pa je opremljen še s kopico drugih podatkov, od glave (header) do opisa protokolov, storitev in še marsičesa. Glava je nekakšna kuverta, v njej so zapisani glavni podatki, da lahko brskalnik ali drug program iz več paketkov, ki lahko potujejo povsem neodvisno drug od drugega, sestavi pravo vsebino.
  • Z dpi pa vidijo tako vrsto internetnega prometa kot njegovo vsebino. Zakaj je to pomembno? Operaterji lahko tako »upravljajo« promet. Kar v praksi pomeni, da upočasnjujejo ali celo blokirajo posamezne vrste prometa, denimo torrente ali telefonijo IP (skype). Lahko pa bi tudi ponujali naročnino na hitrejši youtube, morda posebej prodajali dostop do facebooka.
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  • pojasnilo ITU, zakaj so sprejeli standard, gre v tej smeri. Češ, operaterji so doslej namenjali »preveliko« pasovno širino posameznim uporabnikom ali storitvam. Zdaj, ko vsebine postajajo vse bolj potratne glede količine podatkov, pa dpi po besedah ITU omogoča »natančno in vzdržno upravljanje prometa, ki raste eksponentno«.
  • Telekom, T-2 in Simobil zanikali uporabo dpi, medtem ko Amis ni odgovoril. Na Simobilu so dejali, da o tem »trenutno ne razmišljajo«, na T-2 pa, da »do zdaj niso delali tovrstnih pregledov«.
Anja Pirc

Online privacy: Difference Engine: Nobbling the internet | The Economist - 0 views

  • TWO measures affecting the privacy internet users can expect in years ahead are currently under discussion on opposite sides of the globe. The first hails from a Senate committee’s determination to make America’s online privacy laws even more robust. The second concerns efforts by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), an intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, to rewrite its treaty for regulating telecommunications around the world, which dates from 1988, so as to bring the internet into its fief.
  • The congressional measure, approved overwhelmingly by the Senate Judiciary Committee on November 29th, would require criminal investigators to obtain a search warrant from a judge before being able to coerce internet service providers (ISPs) to hand over a person’s e-mail. The measure would also extend this protection to the rest of a person’s online content, including videos, photographs and documents stored in the "cloud"—ie, on servers operated by ISPs, social-network sites and other online provider
  • a warrant is needed only for unread e-mail less than six months old. If it has already been opened, or is more than six months old, all that law-enforcement officials need is a subpoena. In America, a subpoena does not need court approval and can be issued by a prosecutor. Similarly, a subpoena is sufficient to force ISPs to hand over their routing data, which can then be used to identify a sender’s various e-mails and to whom they were sent. That is how the FBI stumbled on a sex scandal involving David Petraeus, the now-ex director of the CIA, and his biographer.
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  • No-one imagined that ISPs would one day offer gigabytes of online storage free—as Google, Yahoo!, Hotmail and other e-mail providers do today. The assumption back then was that if someone had not bothered to download and delete online messages within six months, such messages could reasonably be considered to be abandoned—and therefore not in need of strict protection.
  • wholesale access to the internet, powerful mobile phones and ubiquitous social networking have dramatically increased the amount of private data kept online. In the process, traditional thinking about online security has been rendered obsolete. For instance, more and more people nowadays keep their e-mail messages on third-party servers elsewhere, rather than on their own hard-drives or mobile phones. Many put their personal details, contacts, photographs, locations, likes, dislikes and inner thoughts on Google, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Dropbox and a host of other destinations. Bringing online privacy requirements into an age of cloud computing is only fit and proper, and long overdue.
  • the international telecoms treaty that emerged focused on how telephone traffic flows across borders, the rules governing the quality of service and the means operators could adopt to bill one another for facilitating international calls. As such, the regulations applied strictly to telecoms providers, the majority of which were state owned.
  • he goal of certain factions is to grant governments the authority to charge content providers like Amazon, Google, Facebook and Twitter for allowing their data to flow over national borders. If enacted, such proposals would most certainly deter investment in network infrastructure, raise costs for consumers, and hinder online access for precisely those people the ITU claims it wants to help.
  • a proposal sponsored by the United States and Canada to restrict the debate in Dubai strictly t
  • o conventional telecoms has met with a modicum of success, despite stiff opposition from Russia plus some African and Middle-Eastern countries. Behind closed doors, the conference has agreed not to alter the ITU’s current definition of “telecommunications” and to leave the introductory text concerning the existing treaty’s scope intact.
  • The sticking point has been what kind of organisations the treaty should apply to. Here, one word can make a huge difference. In ITU jargon, the current treaty relates only to “recognised operating agencies”—in other words, conventional telecoms operators. The ITU wants to change that to simply “operating agencies”. Were that to happen, not only would Google, Facebook and other website operators fall under the ITU’s jurisdiction, but so too would all government and business networks. It seems the stakes really are as high as the ITU’s critics have long maintained
sintija

BBC News - Viewpoint: Changing the way the internet is governed is risky - 0 views

  • Viewpoint: Changing the way the internet is governed is risky
  • the US Department of Commerce has the power to decide how the internet works
  • internet is already governed
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  • It's important to realise that without governance the internet could not function.
  • avoid two different web sites having the same name
  • International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (Icann)
  • governance of the internet is effectively done by multiple stakeholders
  • WGIG would report on a solution acceptable to all but would move governance to an international body.
  • US government ultimately "controls" the internet
  • The internet overseers
  • UN summit
  • US refused to relinquish control of the Root Zone file, which is basically the key to governing the internet.
  • formed the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG).
  • in 2003 in Geneva
  • Russians
  • International Telecommunications Union (ITU), another UN agency, to be given responsibility for internet governanc
  • A great advantage of the current governance structure is that it supports rapid developments, provided that the US Department of Commerce remains at arm's length
  • internet governance needs to help the internet evolve rather than dictate how it must develop.
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