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Noções básicas sobre a Pesquisa do Google: More search helpImprimir The Basic search help article covers all the most common issues, but sometimes you need a little bit more power. This document will highlight the more advanced features of Google Web Search. Have in mind though that even very advanced searchers, such as the members of the search group at Google, use these features less than 5% of the time. Basic simple search is often enough. As always, we use square brackets [ ] to denote queries, so [ to be or not to be ] is an example of a query; [ to be ] or [ not to be ] are two examples of queries. Phrase search ("") By putting double quotes around a set of words, you are telling Google to consider the exact words in that exact order without any change. Google already uses the order and the fact that the words are together as a very strong signal and will stray from it only for a good reason, so quotes are usually unnecessary. By insisting on phrase search you might be missing good results accidentally. For example, a search for [ "Alexander Bell" ] (with quotes) will miss the pages that refer to Alexander G. Bell. Search within a specific website (site:) Google allows you to specify that your search results must come from a given website. For example, the query [ iraq site:nytimes.com ] will return pages about Iraq but only from nytimes.com. The simpler queries [ iraq nytimes.com ] or [ iraq New York Times ] will usually be just as good, though they might return results from other sites that mention the New York Times. You can also specify a whole class of sites, for example [ iraq site:.gov ] will return results only from a .gov domain and [ iraq site:.iq ] will return results only from Iraqi sites. Terms you want to exclude (-) Attaching a minus sign immediately before a word indicates that you do not want pages that contain this word to appear in your results. The minus sign should appear immediately before the word and should be preceded with a space

The FreePatentsOnline search engine is one of the most powerful, fastest and easiest patent search engines on the web. Our search allows advanced search techniques such as word stemming, proximity searching, relevancy ranking and search term weighting to help you find exactly what you are looking for. And, our account features let you organize, annotate and share documents, and Alerts let you instantly be notified when new documents of interest are publis

The market for technology plays a crucial role in firms' technology strategy as a way to undertake search in the available technological space. Drawing on innovation search theory and the literatures on licensing and absorptive capacity (AC) we address the issue of the factors that affect how technologically distant from the existing technological portfolio in-licensing firms are able to move when they in-license externally developed technologies. We posit that a long technological distance reflects the outcome of more exploratory search, while a short distance reflects the outcome of exploitative search. We conjecture two distinct dimensions of AC in terms of the firms' stock of knowledge ("assimilation capacity") and the degree to which firms have searched broadly in the past ("monitoring ability") to affect the distance of exploration from the existing technological portfolio. Furthermore, we compare firms that explore through licensing and firms which do not explore through licensing, but do so through search reflected in own patenting activities. We propose that the effects of assimilation capacity and monitoring ability should be more pronounced for licensees. Combining data on 176 license agreements and related patent information and while using a control sample of non-licensing firms we find-with exceptions-support for these ideas.

AgEcon Search now contains 40,000 papers in 9 languages from 253 groups. Check out the 40,000th paper. About AgEcon Search AgEcon Search is a free, open access repository of full-text scholarly literature in agricultural and applied economics, including: Working papers Conference papers Journal articles

Learning Resources This page contains learning resources for the e-agriculture.org community.  These are courses and modules focused on e-Agriculture as a field or designed to teach participants skills relevant to areas of e-Agriculture.  If you come across other such resources, we hope you will contribute them. Information Management Resource Kit (IMARK) The Information Management Resource Kit (IMARK) is a partnership-based e-Learning initiative to train individuals and support institutions and networks world-wide in the effective management of agricultural information. IMARK consists of a suite of distance learning resources, tools and communities on information management. IMARK learning materials are being developed as a series of modules available online and on CD-ROM. The modules are being developed using the latest methods in e-learning, providing an interactive environment for self-paced learning. List of IMARK Modules ItrainOnline Multimedia Training Kit  The ItrainOnline MMTK is a growing collection of "workshop kits" for face-to-face training. The materials use a standard set of templates, and offer building blocks for trainers to build their own courses. Materials are available in English, French, Arabic, and Russian, and cover technical skills, content development skills, developing thematic content, organizational development and planning, and ICT policy, advocacy, and the digital divide. CGIAR Online Learning Resources Center From this page you can access a repository of CGIAR Centers' learning objects and other training resources, as well as Web-based training courses. You can access these sites anonymously to search and retrieve information and resources as well as enrol in courses. If you wish to contribute resources or need further information please contact the Learning Resources Team. Thank you for visiting. The Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) This is a partnership of over 120 learning centres (GDLN Affiliates) in nearly

Intellectual property and biotechnology: biological inventions Matthew Rimmer 1 Resenha Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008 - 377 páginas 'Dr Rimmer's book is a marvellous introduction to a crucial topic of our time. He writes engagingly, provocatively and always with good humour. A highly technical and complex area of law has been reduced to clear descriptions and searching analysis. Truly, this is an important book on an essential topic that will help define the ethics of a future that includes nothing less than the future of our species.' - From the foreword by the Hon Justice Michael Kirby AC CMG, the High Court of Australia This book documents and evaluates the dramatic expansion of intellectual property law to accommodate various forms of biotechnology from micro-organisms, plants, and animals to human genes and stem cells. It makes a unique theoretical contribution to the controversial public debate over the commercialisation of biological inventions. The author also considers the contradictions between the Supreme Court of Canada rulings in respect of the Harvard Oncomouse, and genetically modified canola. He explores law, policy, and practice in both Australia and New Zealand in respect to gene patents and non-coding DNA. This study charts the rebellion against the European Union Biotechnology Directive - particularly in respect of Myriad Genetics' BRCA1 and BRCA2 patents, and stem cell patent applications. The book also considers whether patent law will accommodate frontier technologies - such as bioinformatics, haplotype mapping, proteomics, pharmacogenomics, and nanotechnology. Intellectual Property and Biotechnology will be of prime interest to lawyers and patent attorneys, scientists and researchers, business managers and technology transfer specialists.

Ecological economics is a hot topic today as an alternative to 'neo-classical' environmental economics. It seeks to 'socially construct' a political economics that will deal with environmental problems and make the individual more visible in economic analysis. A leading authority in the field describes the principles, strategies and instruments of social change from the point of view of key players -- governmental agencies, business corporations, environmental and religious organizations and universities -- and underlines their responsibilities in the market economy. This critical text in the search for an interdisciplinary economics that facilitates social and environmental development offers a pluralistic and democratic approach to addressing environmental problems and balances the priorities of economic growth and international competitiveness with environmental sustainability. It emphasizes the need to articulate ideologies, worldviews, ethics and related scientific perspectives as part of economics. This illuminating account of the theories and means that will bring us closer to a sustainable society considers tools such as environmental impact assessment (EIA) and describes success indicators such as environmental labeling and environmental management systems (EMS). It highlights strategies and policies that facilitate social change and sets out future agendas for the individual actors in political economics.

Donovan Campbell and Clinton Beckford Article: Negotiating Uncertainty: Jamaican Small Farmers' Adaptation and Coping Strategies, Before and After Hurricanes-A Case Study of Hurricane Dean Sustainability 2009, 1(4), 1366-1387; doi:10.3390/su1041366 Received: 29 October 2009 / Accepted: 10 December 2009 / Published: 16 December 2009 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (1801 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Philip H. Howard Article: Visualizing Consolidation in the Global Seed Industry: 1996-2008 Sustainability 2009, 1(4), 1266-1287; doi:10.3390/su1041266 Received: 28 October 2009 / Accepted: 4 December 2009 / Published: 8 December 2009 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (933 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Hossein Mousazadeh, Alireza Keyhani, Hossein Mobli, Ugo Bardi and Toufic El Asmar Article: Sustainability in Agricultural Mechanization: Assessment of a Combined Photovoltaic and Electric Multipurpose System for Farmers Sustainability 2009, 1(4), 1042-1068; doi:10.3390/su1041042 Received: 9 September 2009 / Accepted: 6 November 2009 / Published: 17 November 2009 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (910 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Madhu Subedi, Trevor J. Hocking, Michael A. Fullen, Alison R. McCrea and Eleanor Milne Article: Lessons from Participatory Evaluation of Cropping Practices in Yunnan Province, China: Overview of the Effectiveness of Technologies and Issues Related to Technology Adoption Sustainability 2009, 1(3), 628-661; doi:10.3390/su1030628 Received: 9 August 2009 / Accepted: 9 September 2009 / Published: 16 September 2009 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (195 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Travis A. Smith, Biing-Hwan Lin and Chung L. Huang Article: Growth and Development in the U.S. Retail Organic Food Sector Sustainability 2009, 1(3), 573-591

Tadeusz W. Patzek Article: A Probabilistic Analysis of the Switchgrass Ethanol Cycle Sustainability 2010, 2(10), 3158-3194; doi:10.3390/su2103158 Received: 24 August 2010; in revised form: 26 September 2010 / Accepted: 29 September 2010 / Published: 30 September 2010 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (857 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Crystal Snyder and Dean Spaner Review: The Sustainability of Organic Grain Production on the Canadian Prairies-A Review Sustainability 2010, 2(4), 1016-1034; doi:10.3390/su2041016 Received: 2 March 2010; in revised form: 29 March 2010 / Accepted: 12 April 2010 / Published: 14 April 2010 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (215 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Masakazu Komatsuzaki and M. Faiz Syuaib Article: Comparison of the Farming System and Carbon Sequestration between Conventional and Organic Rice Production in West Java, Indonesia Sustainability 2010, 2(3), 833-843; doi:10.3390/su2030833 Received: 1 February 2010; in revised form: 20 February 2010 / Accepted: 1 March 2010 / Published: 22 March 2010 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (719 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) David Conner, Kathryn Colasanti, R. Brent Ross and Susan B. Smalley Article: Locally Grown Foods and Farmers Markets: Consumer Attitudes and Behaviors Sustainability 2010, 2(3), 742-756; doi:10.3390/su2030742 Received: 9 February 2010; in revised form: 4 March 2010 / Accepted: 10 March 2010 / Published: 12 March 2010 Show/Hide Abstract | Download PDF Full-text (301 KB) (This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Agriculture) Hossein Shabanali Fami, Javad Ghasemi, Rahil Malekipoor, Parinaz Rashidi, Saeede Nazari and Arezoo Mirzaee Article: Renewable Energy Use in Smallholder Farming Systems: A Case Study in Tafresh Township of Iran Sustainability 2010, 2(3), 702-716; doi:10.3390/su2030702 Received: 28

Tragedy of the Commons by Garrett Hardin About the Author Search CEE Home | CEE | 2nd edition | Tragedy of the Commons In 1974 the general public got a graphic illustration of the "tragedy of the commons" in satellite photos of the earth. Pictures of northern Africa showed an irregular dark patch 390 square miles in area. Ground-level investigation revealed a fenced area inside of which there was plenty of grass. Outside, the ground cover had been devastated. The explanation was simple. The fenced area was private property, subdivided into five portions. Each year the owners moved their animals to a new section. Fallow periods of four years gave the pastures time to recover from the grazing. The owners did this because they had an incentive to take care of their land. But no one owned the land outside the ranch. It was open to nomads and their herds. Though knowing nothing of Karl Marx, the herdsmen followed his famous advice of 1875: "To each according to his needs." Their needs were uncontrolled and grew with the increase in the number of animals. But supply was governed by nature and decreased drastically during the drought of the early 1970s. The herds exceeded the natural "carrying capacity" of their environment, soil was compacted and eroded, and "weedy" plants, unfit for cattle consumption, replaced good plants. Many cattle died, and so did humans. The rational explanation for such ruin was given more than 170 years ago. In 1832 William Forster Lloyd, a political economist at Oxford University, looking at the recurring devastation of common (i.e., not privately owned) pastures in England, asked: "Why are the cattle on a common so puny and stunted? Why is the common itself so bare-worn, and cropped so differently from the adjoining inclosures?" Lloyd's answer assumed that each human exploiter of the common was guided by self-interest. At the point when the carrying capacity of the commons was fully reached, a herdsman might ask himsel

Review Food Applications of Nanotechnologies: An Overview of Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Countries Qasim Chaudhry, a, and Laurence Castlea a The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York. YO41 1LZ. UK Received 23 July 2010;  revised 5 January 2011;  accepted 6 January 2011.  Available online 14 January 2011. Abstract Like other sectors, recent developments in nanosciences and nanotechnologies are offering lots of new opportunities for innovation to food and related sectors worldwide. Whist developing countries can potentially benefit from these developments, there are also a number of challenges ahead. This concise review provides an account of the main issues emanating from applications of nanotechnologies in food and related sectors with a particular reference to developing countries. Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1904-462584; Fax: +44 1904-462

ARE 242 Spring 2005 Course Syllabus   Gordon Rausser Tuesdays and Thursdays, 12:30-2:00 201 Giannini Hall     Class Date Reading Assignment Tuesday January 18 Rausser, G.C. and R.E. Goodhue. "Public Policy: Its Many Analytical Dimensions," in Handbook of Agricultural Economics, B. Gardner and G. Rausser (eds.). Volume 2, Chapter 39, Elsevier North Holland, 2002.   Thursday January 20 Alston, J.M. and J.S. James. "The Incidence of Agricultural Policy," in Handbook of Agricultural Economics, B. Gardner and G. Rausser (eds.). Volume 2, Chapter 33, Elsevier North Holland, 2002.   Chambers, R.G., "The incidence of agricultural policies," Journal of Public Economics 57, (1995) 317-335.   Floyd, J.E. "The Effects of Farm Price Supports on the Returns to Land and Labor in Agriculture." Journal of Political Economy 73 (1965), p. 148-158.   Tuesday January 25 Baylis, K., G. Rausser, and L. Simon, "Agri-Environmental Program in the United States and European Union," in Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO: Where Are We Heading?," G. Anania, M.E. Bohman, C.A. Carter, and A.F. McCalla (eds.) Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004.   Glebe, T.W. "Multifunctionality: How "Green" is the "European Model of Agriculture"? Environmental Economics, Resource Economics and Agricultural Policy Research Group, Discussion Paper 01-2003.   Swinbank, A. "Multifunctionality: A European Euphemism for Protection?" Presented at the FWAG Conference: Multifunctional Agriculture-A European Model, Stoneleigh, UK, November 29, 2001.   Thursday January 27 Hodge, I. "Agri-environmental Relationships and the Choice of Policy Mechanism," The World Economy, 26 (5), May, 2003, 705-725.   Blandford, D. and R.N. Boisvert, "Multifunctional Agriculture-A View from the United States," Plenary paper presented at the 90th EAAE Seminar: Multifunctional Agriculture, Policies and Markets: Understanding the Critical Linkage; Rennes, France, October 28-29, 200

Search About CSDi CSDi is firmly committed to proven, results-based solutions to end suffering and poverty. Our goal is to spread these solutions across the globe through our in-depth field guides and interactive online workshops. Work with us and become the solution. We've trained development professionals... in 103 countries who have developed course projects... impacting over 100,000 people. ~ What our students are saying: I really appreciate the time you have taken to go through correcting assignments.... I am very confident that all your labours are producing lots of learning and stimulation for your students. MATT, IRELAND Facebook Like Box Upcoming Courses ¡Cursos Nuevos en Español! May 17 - July 11 101: From the Ground Up May 17 - July 11 341: Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change May 17 - July 11 Adaptación Basado en la Comunidad-CBA May 17 - July 11 Upcoming Online Development Courses May 2011 Community Based Adaptation: 300 Hands-On Field Activities Donate CSDi, a 501c3, relies on your generous donations for our work, training individuals to be the solution in communities across the globe. News Newsletter: March Newsletter: Project Sustainability: Put the Community in Charge. Field Project of the Month: Rainwater Harvesting: Mexico City Google Translate Translate This Website Powered by Google Tradutor iLearning Experience Student Testimonials International Partnerships Learning Environment Student Field Projects Example Assignment: Kenya Student Countries, Organizations, Project Challenges HANDS-ON FIELD ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION Module OL 340: Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change Posted by Tim Magee CSDi is pleased to present a compilation of Community Based Adaptation Field Activities-complete with links to source materials and technical information-compiled from case studies & from projects developed by CSDi field partners & online students. We encourage you to submit activities: Onl