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Globalization and Markets GLOBALIZATION AND MARKETS Background Research Program Major Projects Research Tools Donors Collaborators Contact Us LATEST PUBLICATIONS Discussion Papers April 2010 Rethinking the global food crisis Discussion Papers January 2010 Is SAFTA trade creating or trade diverting? December 2009 Foreign exchange rationing, wheat markets and food security in Ethiopia PREVNEXT DIVISION Markets, Trade and Institutions RESEARCH AREAS Doha Round IFPRI PROJECTS BY COUNTRY AND BENEFICIARY Source: flickr (Curt Carnemark / World Bank) Seaport at Sunrise. China, The overall objective of the globalization and markets research program is to support the adoption of policies for more efficient functioning of the global food, nutrition, and agricultural system. A better-functioning global system will enhance inclusion of low income countries and improve food and nutrition security of poor people. The research program emphasizes issues of global agricultural trade negotiations; regional trade; linkages between globalization and domestic policies as they affect resource allocations and poverty alleviation; the impact of developed-country policies on developing-country food security; and pro-poor policies along the entire food chain, given the growing importance of consumers and retail industries as food system drivers. The historical consequences of trade liberalization are becoming increasingly important in less developed countries. A better understanding of this is critical for further reforms in the domestic and global trading system.

Innovation and Growth: Chasing a Moving Frontier Vandana Chandra, Pier Carlo Padoan, Deniz Eröcal, Carlos A. Primo Braga 0 Resenhas OECD Publishing, 2009 - 264 páginas Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. Making innovation-driven growth happen requires action in a wide range of policy areas, from education and science and technology to product and labour markets and trade. The OECD and the World Bank are joining forces to work more closely on innovation, particularly insofar as this issue is a crucial factor in the success of development policy, notably in middle-income economies. In this volume, the two organisations jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes policies for innovation more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike.

Sudamérica en la mira de inversionistas agrícolas Published: 12 November 2010 Posted in: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Comments [0] Print Email thisDigg it!Facebook Gestión, 11-11-2010 Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay y Argentina se presentan como los mercados más atractivos para el sector. Las tierras en Brasil y Argentina están entre los activos más preciados en el nuevo mercado global de terrenos agrícolas que surgió de la mano con el alza en los precios de materias primas. En una foro de inversión agrícola, administradores de capital privado y de fondos nombraron a Sudamérica como el principal lugar para comprar, arrendar y administrar tierras agrícolas con fines de lucro. "El mercado sudamericano está en auge en este momento", manifestó Mark Zenuk, director general del fondo NGP Global Adaptation Partners , de 3,000 millones de dólares. Black River Asset Management, parte de la gigante agricultora estadounidense Cargill [CARG.UL ], controla 50,000 hectáreas de tierra productiva en la región y está buscando más oportunidades de acuerdos de producción agrícola y alimentaria. "Es una propuesta a escala, sin duda", dijo Rich Hammill, director general de Black River , que maneja unos 6,000 millones de dólares en activos a nivel mundial. Carlos Aguiar, director del Macquarie Crop Fund, indicó en la conferencia que hay un mercado activo en la compra y venta de tierras brasileñas. "Hay una escasez de alimentos y una escasez de tierras y Brasil es uno de los poco lugares donde es posible una expansión drástica y existe una estructura tecnología establecida para ello", dijo. IMPUESTOS A LA EXPORTACIÓN Sudamérica representa el 59% de las exportaciones globales de oleaginosas, el 11% de las de granos y el 37% de las de carne, dijo Gonzalo Fernandez Castro de Lumix Capital , que invierte en agricultura en Brasil, Paraguay, Argentina y Paraguay. Con los precios de las materias primas en máximos de muchos años, la compra

How can starving people also be obese? Why does everything have soy in it? How do petrochemicals and biofuels control the price of food? It's a perverse fact of modern life: There are more starving people in the world than ever before (800 million) while there are also more people overweight (1 billion). To find out how we got to this point and what we can do about it, Raj Patel launched a comprehensive investigation into the global food network. It took him from the colossal supermarkets of California to India's wrecked paddy-fields and Africa's bankrupt coffee farms, while along the way he ate genetically engineered soy beans and dodged flying objects in the protestor-packed streets of South Korea. What he found was shocking, from the false choices given us by supermarkets to a global epidemic of farmer suicides, and real reasons for famine in Asia and Africa. Yet he also found great cause for hope-in international resistance movements working to create a more democratic, sustainable and joyful food system. Going beyond ethical consumerism, Patel explains, from seed to store to plate, the steps to regain control of the global food economy, stop the exploitation of both farmers and consumers, and rebalance global sustenance.

The Gene Revolution: GM Crops and Unequal Development Book, Earthscan December 2006 Editor: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Former Research Fellow, Science, Technology, and Globalization Project/Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program, 2005-2006 Ordering Information for this publication Belfer Center Programs or Projects: Science, Technology, and Globalization; Science, Technology, and Public Policy   OVERVIEW The high-yield selective breeding of "the Green Revolution" of the 1960s and '70s is now being overtaken by "the Gene Revolution" - the development and spread of GM crops across the world. With over 90 million hectares already under cultivation and 60 countries conducting research, GM is reviled by some as a vast Pandora's Box and corporate sell-out, while hailed by others as the necessary technological solution to stagnating agricultural output, ballooning populations, climate change and drought. Sandwiched in between are developing and transitional countries where the need to feed vast populations and to compete against the US in international markets are compelling reasons to get on the GM bandwagon. This is the first book to bridge the gap between the "naysayers" and "cheerleaders", and to provide a penetrating examination of the realities, complexities, benefits and pitfalls of GM adoption in developing countries that are desperately fighting poverty while trying to stay afloat in the hyper-competitive global economy. Sakiko Fukuda-Parr is a Visiting Professor at the New School University in New York. She was a Research Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. She was Director and chief author of UNDP's Human Development Report from 1995 to 2004 and a member of the UN Millennium Project Task Force on Technology. Chapters Introduction: Genetically Modified Crops and National Development Priorities Emergence and Global Spread of GM Crops: Explaining the Role of Institutional Change Institutional Changes in Argentina, Brazil,

The provision of food is undergoing radical transformations throughout the global community. Peter Oosterveer argues that, as a consequence, conventional national governmental regulations can no longer adequately respond to existing and emerging food risks and to environmental concerns. This book examines these challenges. Translating recent innovative thinking in the social sciences - as seen in the work of Manuel Castells and John Urry amongst others - to the world of food, this book reviews the challenges facing global food governance and the innovative regulatory arrangements that are being introduced by different governments, NGOs and private companies. The analysis includes case-studies on the European BSE crisis, GM-food regulation, salmon and shrimp farming and food labelling. The author highlights how contemporary governance arrangements also have to acknowledge increasing consumer demand for food produced with care for the environment, animal welfare and social justice. Developing and implementing adequate global food governance arrangements therefore demands the active involvement of private firms, consumers, and civil society organisations with national governments. Peter Oosterveer's book will appeal to scholars - postgraduate and above - involved in industrial organization, agricultural studies and environmental sciences as well as those with an interest in the globalisation and governance of this important and topical area.

lobal governance of food production and consumption: issues and challenges Peter Oosterveer 0 Resenhas Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007 - 294 páginas The provision of food is undergoing radical transformations throughout the global community. Peter Oosterveer argues that, as a consequence, conventional national governmental regulations can no longer adequately respond to existing and emerging food risks and to environmental concerns. This book examines these challenges. Translating recent innovative thinking in the social sciences - as seen in the work of Manuel Castells and John Urry amongst others - to the world of food, this book reviews the challenges facing global food governance and the innovative regulatory arrangements that are being introduced by different governments, NGOs and private companies. The analysis includes case-studies on the European BSE crisis, GM-food regulation, salmon and shrimp farming and food labelling. The author highlights how contemporary governance arrangements also have to acknowledge increasing consumer demand for food produced with care for the environment, animal welfare and social justice. Developing and implementing adequate global food governance arrangements therefore demands the active involvement of private firms, consumers, and civil society organisations with national governments. Peter Oosterveer's book will appeal to scholars - postgraduate and above - involved in industrial organization, agricultural studies and environmental sciences as well as those with an interest in the globalisation and governance of this important and topical area.

"After almost fifteen years in the laboratory and in the test plots, bioengineered crops arrived to the market in the mid-1990s. Adoption was rapid and widespread. In 1996, less than 4 million acres in six countries were planted with bioengineered plants. By 2001, worldwide adoption had expanded to more than 115 million acres." The foretelling of a scientific revolution has persistently raised expectations on the potential of agrobiotechnology, and first-generation agrobiotechnologies have had to confront such expectations in the field and in the market. The Economics and Environmental Impacts of Agbiotech: A Global Perspective explains how well they have fared. It brings together leading authors from around the world who have analyzed the production, environmental and economic impacts of first generation agrobiotechnologies. By pooling experiences across various countries, time periods, crops, and traits this global panel synthesizes a complete picture of the impacts of first generation agrobiotechnologies. The Economics and Environmental Impacts of Agbiotech: A Global Perspective offers this assessment, accounting for the full range of differences in geography, weather, pests, farm structures and institutions that had not been completed previously, and answers these important questions: *What were the factors driving the widespread adoption of these first generation agrobiotechnologies? *What were their economic and environmental impacts? *How were such impacts distributed among innovators and adopters, developed and developing countries, exporters and importers, domestic and foreign consumers? *How were such impacts and their distribution affected by market structures and government policies?

Agriculture has always attracted attention from governments, policy makers & planners. As a globalized industry any policy that has agriculture at its core must also be globalized. This book examines the policy & planning of agriculture, in the wake of the global crisis in capitalism, using this framework to examine the regulatory processes that intersect with agriculture while giving analytical emphasis to the capitalist accumulation process & the institutions of social regulation. Its three main obejectives are: to outline a theoretical framework & approach for analysing developmnents in capitalist agriculture in advanced industrial economices; the explore policy & planning issues & problems emanating from agriculture at the end of the twentieth century; & to review policy & planning processes & practice appropriate to the new structural conditions facing agriculture. The book concludes with an overview of policy & planning processes & addresses the political choices that are revealed as being required

Despite a significant growth in food production over the past half-century, one of the most important challenges facing society today is how to feed an expected population of some nine billion by the middle of the 20th century. To meet the expected demand for food without significant increases in prices, it has been estimated that we need to produce 70-100 per cent more food, in light of the growing impacts of climate change, concerns over energy security, regional dietary shifts and the Millennium Development target of halving world poverty and hunger by 2015. The goal for the agricultural sector is no longer simply to maximize productivity, but to optimize across a far more complex landscape of production, rural development, environmental, social justice and food consumption outcomes. However, there remain significant challenges to developing national and international policies that support the wide emergence of more sustainable forms of land use and efficient agricultural production. The lack of information flow between scientists, practitioners and policy makers is known to exacerbate the difficulties, despite increased emphasis upon evidence-based policy. In this paper, we seek to improve dialogue and understanding between agricultural research and policy by identifying the 100 most important questions for global agriculture. These have been compiled using a horizon-scanning approach with leading experts and representatives of major agricultural organizations worldwide. The aim is to use sound scientific evidence to inform decision making and guide policy makers in the future direction of agricultural research priorities and policy support. If addressed, we anticipate that these questions will have a significant impact on global agricultural practices worldwide, while improving the synergy between agricultural policy, practice and research. This research forms part of the UK Government's Foresight Global Food and Farming Futures project.

The politics of food Marianne E. Lien, Brigitte Nerlich 1 Resenha Berg Publishers, 2004 - 244 páginas Is shopping for food really a political act? Why is it that, in a world with enough food for everyone, more people than ever go hungry? Why did the French resistance against genetically modified foods become a fight against McDonalds? Why did the foot-and-mouth epidemic in the UK become a problem for consumers? Capable of connecting human bodies to abstract nations, and techno-science to moral concerns, food has become one of the most contested fields of our time. It is high on the political agenda throughout the world. With disease, contamination, famine, hunger and imbalanced food markets all unfortunate realities, a book that interrogates the politics of food is long overdue. From the BSE outbreak in the 1990s through to cultural taboos and the genetic modification of produce and livestock, this timely book raises provocative questions about how we relate to food in the 21st century. Recent food scandals and genetically modified organism controversies have shattered the idea that 'food is food' as we have always known it, and exposed fundamental dilemmas related to risk and control. Taking as its starting point the premise that food is politicized in arenas not commonly thought of as political, The Politics of Food explores issues surrounding the development of global food markets in underdeveloped nations and addresses recent events that have had a profound impact on how consumers feel about what they eat. The epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease that swept through the UK in 2001 spawned a series of questions concerning the real costs of cheap food. What lessons have been learned? And how are food choices linked to the politics of food markets? With globalization, food has increasingly become entangled in webs of political significance. Through ethnographic case studies, this book reveals how food has come to serve a key role in political resistance, grassroots

A Green New Deal A Green New Deal is a report released on July 21, 2008 by the Green New Deal Group and published by the New Economics Foundation, which outlines a series of policy proposals to ... Wikipediafrom 1 More Wikipedia Result Green New Deal @green_newdeal Get short, timely messages from Green New ... Results from Google The Green New Deal Act now and a positive course of action based on the framwork set out in A Green New Deal http://www.greennewdealgroup.org/ The Green New Deal | the new economics foundation The report, A Green New Deal, described the global economy facing a http://www.neweconomics.org/proje... Obama urged to create 'Green New Deal' Nov 24, 2008 ... The worldwide economic crisis is prompting a growing number of countries to back away from pledges to cut greenhouse gas emissions and ... http://www.boston.com/news/scienc... Press Releases October 2008 - "Global Green New Deal ... Mobilizing and re-focusing the global economy towards investments in clean technologies and 'natural' infrastructure such as forests and soils is the best ... http://www.unep.org/documents.mul... How Green Technology Can Spark Economic Growth Oct 25, 2008 ... In a good year the U.S. economy adds 2 million jobs, so Obama is talking about goals so ambitious that they amount to a green New Deal http://www.newsweek.com/2008/10/2...

Special Issue "Renewable Agriculture" Quicklinks Special Issue Editors Published Papers Special Issue Information Keywords Planned Papers A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2009) Special Issue Editor Guest Editor Dr. Stephen S. Jones Director, Northwestern Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Mount Vernon, Washington 98273, USA E-Mail: joness@wsu.edu Published Papers Click here to see a list of 19 papers that have been published in this special issue. Special Issue Information Dear Colleagues, For centuries the perceived need for an immediate and dramatic increase in agricultural production has been a theme throughout the developed world. But only very recently, and with less urgency, has society recognized the need for the true sustainability of agricultural production. For long-term sustainability, agriculture must have the capacity for renewal. Even the most basic forms of agriculture require an input of energy, this in essence is what defines the system as agricultural. Starting with human and animal labor, energy inputs have developed into an industrial system using fertilizers, water, seed, pest control, and other products often brought in from off the farm. While these products may increase production, for the most part they are non-renewable, require vast amounts of fuel to produce and transport, are costly, and may harm the native organisms and environment. Additionally, most seed in industrial agriculture is non-renewable due to legal and genetic mechanisms that make it problematic for farmers to save and replant what they have grown on their farms. Is a renewable agriculture with a high level of productivity possible? What research is underway to test the robustness of current systems when measured against a standard of true long-term sustainability? Stephen S. Jones, Ph. D. Guest Editor   Submission Information All papers should be submitted to

Freedom to Innovate: Biotechnology in Africa's Development Report of the High-Level African Panel on Modern Biotechnology Report, African Union and New Partnership for Africa's Development August 2007 Authors: Calestous Juma, Professor of the Practice of International Development; Director, Science, Technology, and Globalization Project; Principal Investigator, Agricultural Innovation in Africa, Ismail Serageldin Belfer Center Programs or Projects: Science, Technology, and Globalization; Science, Technology, and Public Policy; Agricultural Innovation in Africa   This report is about the role of biotechnology in the transformation of African economies. The implications of its recommendations, however, need to be seen beyond the confines of biological innovations. They address critical issues related to Africa's place in a globalizing economy. Undertaken at the request of heads of state and government this report demonstrates what is needed to build the required capacity to harness and apply biotechnologies to improve agricultural productivity, public health, industrial development, economic competitiveness, and environmental sustainability (including biodiversity conservation) in Africa. It also shows that the measures needed to address biotechnology will strengthen Africa's capacity to adapt other technologies to economic development. In fact, previous inabilities to build capacity in fields such as information technology hamper the continent's efforts in biotechnology. This report has placed these systemic considerations in the context of the role of innovation in economic transformation. It challenges Africa's heads of state and government to take seriously the importance of a coordinated approach in promoting technological innovation in development. African governments have recognized the importance of regional cooperation to address possibilities and the range of issues associated with biotechnology. Within the framework of the New Partnership for Africa's De

THE GLOBAL CRISIS: RETHINKING ECONOMY AND SOCIETY December 3-5 2010 Part of 3CT's Economy and Society Series * Friday, December 3, 2010 * 8:45-9:30 Breakfast & Introductory Remarks * 9:30-12:30Panel No. 1: Understanding the Crisis Historically * Chair: William Sewell * David Harvey * Duncan Foley * Beverly Silver * Immanuel Wallerstein * Discussant: Moishe Postone * 12:30-1:30 Lunch * 1:30-4:00 Panel No. 2: The Crisis and the Global South * Chair: Lisa Wedeen * Vivek Chibber * Ho-fung Hung * Claudio Lomnitz * Achille Mbembe * Discussant: John Comaroff * Saturday, December 4, 2010 * 9:00-9:30 Breakfast & Introductory Remarks * 9:30-11:45 Panel No. 3: The Financialization of Economic Life * Chair: Paul Cheney * James Galbraith * Benjamin Lee/Edward LiPuma * Greta Krippner * Discussant: Gary Herrigel * 11:45-12:45 Lunch * 12:45-3:00 Panel No. 4: Neo-liberalism as Ideology and as Policy * Chair: Jean Comaroff * Neil Brenner/Jamie Peck/Nik Theodore * Peter Evans/Bill Sewell * Saskia Sassen * Discussant: James Sparrow * 3:00-3:15 Coffee Break * 3:15-5:30 Panel No. 5: Unsettled Practices: Work and Expert Knowledge * Chair: TBA * Michael Hardt * Richard Sennett * Kaushik Sunder Rajan * Discussant: Andreas Glaeser * Sunday, December 5, 2010 * 10:00-12:30 Roundtable: Paths to the Future This conference has been co-sponsored by the Franke Institute for the Humanities, the Norman Wait Harris Fund, the History Department, the Anthropology Department, the Nicholson Center, the Social Sciences Division and the Political Science Department. For further information, please contact Anwen Tormey (amtormey@uchicago.edu)

Encyclopedia of Environmental Health Pages 498-504 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00733-9 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.   Permissions & Reprints Carbon Sequestration and Agriculture     Purchase $ 31.50 S. Mandlebauma and J. Nriagua a School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Available online 23 February 2011. Abstract Recent increases in global temperature are correlated with carbon dioxide emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, most importantly fossil fuel combustion and land use changes. Although technologies and policies are being proposed and tested to reduce emissions, modification of carbon sinks may provide an important mitigation option. Sinks of some global importance include terrestrial vegetation, oceans, rock weathering, soils, and artificially created dumpsters. Increasing carbon storage in soils through agriculture could be used as a short-term intervention. Many agricultural practices can increase the amount of organic carbon in soil. These include agronomic practices, water management practices, agroforestry, land cover change, and reduced or no-till practices. The effect of these practices on global warming needs to be considered, including the environmental conditions of various farms, the actual mitigation potential of soil sequestration, and the requirement of continuing no-till practices once implemented. This article elaborates on the concept that changing agricultural practices represents a possible climate change mitigation strategy by increasing the soil sequestration potential. This intervention is expected to result in increased crop production and a betterment of human health, especially in the developing countries. Author Keywords: Agriculture; Agronomic practices; Capacity; Carbon; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Conservation; Health; Sequestration; Sink; Soil; Storage; Tilla

Between the local and the global: confronting complexity in the contemporary agri-food sector Terry Marsden, Jonathan Murdoch 0 Resenhas Emerald Group Publishing, 2006 - 358 páginas The volume presents a range of critical perspectives on the contemporary agri-food sector. The starting point is the recognition that geography matters in agri-food more than ever, and it plays a diverse range of roles in shaping production-consumption relations. With hindsight, it may be argued that the extensive rural sociological literature on the globalisation of food over the past twenty years has tended to over-emphasise the degree to which food products and processes have indeed been industrialised and standardised. But if diversity and variety have become increasingly significant in distinguishing food commodities, spaces of production, and the practices of consumption, how are we to critically understand and theorise this complexity? What are the features of the institutional, private, public and civic frameworks that work to promote and sustain diversity and complexity in the international food sector both within and between the global and the local? What new or reconfigured sets of power relations are developing through the unfolding of this complexity; and what do these suggest for the sustainability or vulnerability of rural locales and natures? Through the two sections of the book- first concerning Theorising Complexity, and the second, problematising Local development and Local complexities- and bringing together under this theme international theoretical and empirical comparisons, the book begins to explore this rich rural sociological and development field. The chapters examine in detail the ways that constellations of organisations, cultures and entrepreneurial practices become embedded in discrete spatial areas. They show the importance of these areas and their associated institutions to the contemporary, and increasingly contingent development of the international

Innovation and globalization are changing the nature of economic life. This book argues that the transfer and use of knowledge requires the development of appropriate institutional infrastructures. The opportunities offered by globalization will only be fully realized by actively pursuing policies to enhance the absorption and development of knowledge. The book is relevant for courses in management and business, economics, geography, international political economy, and innovation and technology studies. It will be of interest to all concerned with public policy toward the economy

Alternative food geographies: representation and practice Damian Maye, Lewis Holloway, Moya Kneafsey 0 Resenhas Emerald Group Publishing, 2007 - 358 páginas Since the late 1990s, agro-food researchers have identified attempts to re-configure food provision around more ethically sound, economically and ecologically sustainable relationships between food producers, processors and consumers. Largely in the context of developed market economies, notions of relocalization and the quality turn have figured prominently in discussions about these alternative food geographies. Emerging empirical research, however, is now challenging some of the assumptions embedded within such discussions. This book critically reflects on the great diversity of debates and practices surrounding efforts to reform contemporary food provision in different places and spaces. The book is organized into three parts. Following a contextual introduction written by the editors, Part One focuses on theoretical and conceptual issues/debates, especially in relation to power, representations and discourses of the alternative. In other words, how, where and why is the term alternative deployed? Part Two considers the relationship between public policy and alternative food projects, with case studies that examine some of the ways institutions enroll, represent, support and, in some instances, impede the development of certain forms of alternative food provision. Part Three addresses perspectives and practices from different actors and spaces in the food chain, including producers, retailers, consumers and local communities. Going beyond the usual focus on the global north, the book considers the relevance of debates about alternative food networks to the global south. It includes empirically-rich case studies from Europe, North and South America, Australia and Africa, whichcollectively emphasize the variety of representations and practices involved in constructing alternative food geographies. *Critic