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Contents contributed and discussions participated by Shoko Kuroda

Shoko Kuroda

BBC News - Energy committee attacks UK carbon price - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Minimum price, therefore it is micro economics 
  • higher carbon options more expensive.
  • developing a low carbon economy
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  • reducing uncertainty and creating incentives for investment in low carbon electricity generation now, so we have lower emissions in the future,
  • put aside money
  • The governmen
  • £250m package of support."
  • The government expects to raise £1.4bn
  • However the recession has significantly reduced industrial output - and so demand for credits to cover industrial emissions has also fallen.
  • If the actual price is below the floor, companies must pay the difference to the Treasury.
  • The extra cost will be passed on to consumers, it warns.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      If Carbon becomes more expensive, this reduces the number of firms which still can afford the price and therefore leads to reducing the amount of Carbon. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Recession, the business cycle suggested by Keynes can be introduced with a digram and explanation. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      A diagram representing the impact of minimum price should be drawn and explained. Consumer burden needs to be explained as well. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This can be explained to support why when an economy is in recession, it has a similar impact as minimum price has. In addition, this also has a negative affect on the government who has the benefit of minimum price since then they are able to collect the money. Therefore this reduces the intention of the government to set a minimum price since they would have less benefit when the economy is in a recession. 
Shoko Kuroda

Weak Job Growth in May as Unemployment Rate Ticked Up - NYTimes.com - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This implies structural unemployment, which is the kind when unemployment is caused due to change in structure, such as applying machinery as to human beings. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Another factor for increase in unemployment is caused by cutbacks. This can then be related to the success of the firms. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Structural unemployment can be drawn as a graph. 
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    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      As well as drawing the season unemployment graph, an explanation as to how seasonal unemployment is caused can be described. The causes of seasonal unemployment needs to be related to the increase in unemployment rate in USA between last Winter and May. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      A graph indicating the consequences of decrease in consumer confidence and how it shifts AD to the left can be shown through a graph. Increase in demand for a higher price of unemployment benefits can be drawn on a graph illustrating the impact on GDP. A brief explanation of consumer confidence and the basic components of GDP should be mentioned and explained. 
Shoko Kuroda

Weak Job Growth in May as Unemployment Rate Ticked Up - NYTimes.com - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The title of the article indicates that it is about unemployment which is in the field od macroeconomics. 
  • global slowdown as the European crisis escalates.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This sentence indicates the correlation between the unemployment fear of workers in America and the European crisis with countries referred as 'PIGS'. 
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  • the nation’s employers added the fewest jobs in a year and the unemployment rate actually rose,
  • serious vulnerability for President Obama as he faces re-election
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The significance of unemployment rate is clearly indicated, such as the the impact on Obama's re-election. 
  • The unemployment rate rose to 8.2 percent in May from 8.1 in April, though largely because more people began looking for work.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Unemployment raises when there is more demand for working because no matter whether there is an increase or decrease in the working labour force, the number of available jobs are limited. Because there is a limited number in the number of jobs, the increase in demand for employment raises the unemployment rate. 
  • another recession.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The word 'recession' can used to introduce the Keynesian economics with the boom and the busts cycles and monetary and fiscal policies to reduce these cycles. 
  • The report on American jobs added to the global pall that has deepened with Europe’s debt crisis and slowing growth in China and India.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This indicates the influence of America's unemployment rate as well as their economic growth to the other major countries, such as China and India. A increase in America's unemployment rate resulting in a decrease in America's GDP growth has affect on the economy of China and India, such as in exporting goods. 
  • Yields on United States and German government bonds also slumped as investors bid up the bonds’ prices looking for safety.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The decrease in the prices of government bonds in Germany and United States indicates that the citizens dont have the trust to these countries for their skill to return the money with a fixed amount of tax. This is also another indication for the economy not doing well. 
  • The underlying pace of the domestic economy is a slog, driven by manufacturing and restrained by slackening global demand.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The main factor of decrease in America's GDP is stated as the overall decrease in the demand for goods since many economies are not successful. 
  • “Manufacturers are very concerned about Europe because a blowup in Europe means a global slowdown,”
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Europe can be noted as one of the important continents which greatly affect the global economy. 
  • diverse,
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Whether a company has a diverse target audience or not can be a indicator to determine the impacts of global slow down in markets. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      A graph illustrating a global decrease in demand can be applied to draw the consequences of decrease in GDP. 
  • Obama’s economic policies.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The economic policies which President Obama used can be described thoroughly in this section, such as fiscal and monetary and their success. 
  • The May jobs report showed gains in health care, transportation and warehousing, and wholesale trade, while construction jobs fell by a seasonally adjusted 28,000. Even some bright spots, like booming auto sales, failed to meet expectations or to bolster manufacturing employment by much — only 12,000 jobs.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Both the positives and the negatives of America's economy can be explained more in depth and the impact of each factor to the market. 
Shoko Kuroda

U.S. Growth Slows to 2.2%, Report Says - NYTimes.com - 1 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      It clearly states that the increase in consumer confidence shifted the AD curve to the right and how this lead to the stable US GDP growth
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      can draw a graph describing the growth in GDP by a AD curve shift to the right
  • Business investment, which had been a bright spot, declined in the most recent quarter.
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    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Business investment is stated as another factor which contributed to the decrease in GDP growth 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Explanation as to what is GDP, its definition and the major factors which influence GDP. GDP= C (consumption)+G (government spending) +I (investment) +(X-M) (exports- imports)
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Could give an insight to some statistics as to what the GDP growth rates are for few countries around the world 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Evaluate on the two different perspectives and the extent to both are valid 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      reducing unemployment is another factor which affects GDP. State and explain how employment increases GDP. When people are employed this increases consumer confidence and results in consumers to be more willing to pay for goods and services and therefore increases consumption which is a big part of GDP. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Explain the relationship between the GDP of other countries. Such in this time period, Greece as a country was going the path of becoming bankrupt. The Euro-crisis contracted the economy of many countries. When they have a smaller economy, they have less amount of exports and therefore this could have made the difference between exports and imports significant and influenced GDP. 
  • Government spending also fell
  • particularly large drop in military outlays.
  • Many economists pointed out that consumer spending, mostly on cars and other large items, seemed to have come at a cost. Consumer savings declined.
  • decline in business investment.
  • Businesses spent more on equipment and software but much less on infrastructure.
  • decline in investment in
  • construction related to mining, oil and gas
  • series of external shocks, like a spike in gas prices (this year’s was less severe and is already subsiding) and the Ja
  • panese earthquake.
  • where many countries are already in recession and where this week Britain announced that it had entered the dreaded “double dip.”
  • slowing of China’s breakneck
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Decline in business investment, infrastructures invest more money therefore bring a bigger influence on growth of GDP whereas equipment and software have little affect since it is not as expensive as building roads and buildings. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Investment on construction of mining, oil and gas is similar to business investment on infrastructure since they acquire a lot of money whereas spendings on factories and office buildings are not as expensive as construction related spending. 
  • Shipments of durable goods increased last month, but new orders showed the steepest drop since January 2009.
  • unemployment benefits have risen.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Unemployment benefits have risen, indicating that since there is a population who dont have a job, the government has to afford them unemployment benefits which reduces GDP. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Natural hazards such as the Earthquake and Tsunami which hit Fukushima on March 11, reduced the exports of Japanese goods to foreign countries due to the news of radiation. Because of a decrease in demand for Japanese goods, this could have reduced imports for America and a smaller difference between exports and imports of goods. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Because China has such a global impact on the world's economy, the slowing growth of the Chinese economy could reduce consumption of goods, considering the fact that the prices of Chinese goods could increase. 
Shoko Kuroda

U.S. Growth Slows to 2.2%, Report Says - NYTimes.com - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      GDP, Growth Domestic product is in the section of macro economics
  • The economic recovery slowed more than expected early this year,
  • an annual rate of 2.2 percent in the first quarter, down from 3 percent at the end of last year,
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  • It was the first deceleration in a year, but it was not nearly as severe as other setbacks in the last couple of years.
  • Mitt Romney
  • insisting that the president has held back the recovery and intends to do further damage.
  • White House focused on
  • solid growth in consumer spending and a surge in residential building.
  • the private sector is continuing to heal from the financial crisis,” said Alan Krueger, chairman of the president’s Council of Economic Advisers.
  • subsidize the employment of teachers and first responders to emergencies.
  • Economists initially predicted a much weaker showing in the latest quarter, partly because of a large accumulation of inventories in the fall and winter that needed to be worked off. But in the last few weeks, expectations rose on strong jobs reports and rising consumer confidence.
  • Consumer spending did turn out to be the major strength
  • Business investment, which had been a bright spot, declined in the most recent quarter.
  • Government spending also fell more than anticipated,
  • thanks in part to a particularly large drop in military outlays.
  • Consumer savings declined.
  • decline in business investment.
  • Businesses spent more on equipment and software but much less on infrastructure.
  • in construction related to mining, oil and gas, while manufacturers actually increased their spending on factories and office buildings.
  • another significant slowdown, saying that last year’s hiccup was the result of a series of external shocks, like a spike in gas prices (this year’s was less severe and is already subsiding) and the Japanese earthquake.
  • Stagnation in Europe and a slowing of China’s breakneck expansion have weakened global demand even as corporate profits have continued to outpace expectations.
Shoko Kuroda

BBC News - Factory output in Japan weaker than expected in April - 4 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Demand, indicates that this article is on micro economics, relating to supply and demand
  • output
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Output is another word for supply and this can be referenced to micro economics, which is about supply and demand. 
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  • China's slowdown and a rising yen for the expected fall.
  • As Japan continues to recover from a devastating earthquake and tsunami last year, the ministry said industrial production continued to improve.
  • Industries that contributed to the slight rise in output included transport, chemicals and electrical machinery.
  • "More crucial is final demand in China,
  • , demand from China would be the determining factor for continued growth
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This quotation indicates the global impact of the Chinese economy. Because a large proportion of Japanese goods' is exported to China, a decrease in demand means that there would be less output. This can be related to the US GDP article, stating that a decrease in demand would make it difficult to produce the good to be either exported or imported and have affect on GDP growth. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Need to explain how decrease or increase in currency can influence output. 
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