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James Cohen

Tax on super strength beers and lagers set to increase - 0 views

  •  
    Article on rise in tax from negative externalities from the demerit good of beer. Particularly the stronger beers with greater externalities.
Risako Okamoto

BBC News - US economy creates 96,000 jobs but figure disappoints - 0 views

  • The US economy created 96,000 jobs
    • Risako Okamoto
       
      More jobs for the people. Supposed to decrease unemployment rate
  • The unemployment rate fell to 8.1
    • Risako Okamoto
       
      unemployment rate fell which is good for the economy but it is because more people gave up looking for work
Tessa Jalink

Exclusive: Brazil mulls raising Mexico car trade quota - sources | Reuters - 0 views

  • quota
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      Quota's  Related to protectionism
  • $350 million
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      Change in the value of the quota. Good for axes. 
  • was used up in the first six months
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      The quota was obviously not large enough.  They filled the annual quota in just 6 months.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • tariffs
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      Additional tariff if the quota is exceeded.  Make an interesting additional graph.
  • $300 million and $500
  • $300 million and $500
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      Quota increased by 300-500$ million
  • $1.55 billion
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      Old quota was 1.55$ billion
  • jumped around 70 percent
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      Reason for the initial reduction in the quota
  • to raise the quota
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      If the quota were to be raised it would not happen until after December.
  • Mexican exports to Brazil rose by 135 percent to some 109,000 units in the first six months of 2012. In dollar terms, this was a rise of around 112 percent to nearly $1.6 billion.
    • Tessa Jalink
       
      This doesn't make sense... shouldn't the percentages be the same...?
Keisuke Ozeki

New drug price order may bring in monopoly - The New Indian Express - 2 views

    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Positive Externality, Merit Good
  • the new price regime would bring in monopoly in the sector.
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Would it bring in a monopoly? - Evaluation
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • While the earlier drug price control order covered only 74 bulk drugs and formulations
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Note that maximum price level existed previously, but at a lower level.
  • As per the new price control order, the ceiling price of an essential drug will be the simple average of all brands with a market share of at least one per cent.
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Decrease in demand temporarily as there is an expectation of decrease in price.
  • But, large companies will get a monopoly in pricing as they can manipulate price structure together.
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Creating cartels to increase the price together - Oligopoly, few large firms dominating the market.
  • The experts in the industry point out that the small players in the field will eventually be wiped out when the new price control regime will come into effect.
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Evaluation - Assumption made that the large firms are going to form cartels. If they don't, this will not occur. For the government to prevent this, they can create anti-cartel regulations
samuel_chan

Russian Smoking Ban Takes Effect Amid Dispute Over Higher Taxes - Bloomberg - 1 views

  • The Health Ministry proposed raising the tax
    • samuel_chan
       
      Further shift of the supply curve to the left
  • minimum prices for cigarettes
    • samuel_chan
       
      Increase in price causing excess supply and a shift to the left for the supply curve
  • Russian Smoking Ban Takes Effect Amid Dispute Over Higher Taxes
    • samuel_chan
       
      Increase on sales tax for cigarettes and new minimum price
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • doubts as to the effectiveness of some of the measures.”
    • samuel_chan
       
      As smocking is addictive it is a Inelastic good so there may be very little change
  • higher tobacco taxes
Erica Nozawa

Exports drop for fifth month - Tokyo Times from Japan - 0 views

  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as th
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • y as the country co
  • Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami.
  • Japan's exports f
  • Exports are a key driver of the world's No. 3 economy, and the country is hoping that overseas demand will help it bounce back from the March 11 disaster.
  • A surging yen, which has recently tested record highs against the dollar, is painful for Japan's exporters. It reduces the value of their foreign earnings and makes Japanese goods more expensive in overseas markets.
  • The yen is hurting the bottom lines of companies like Nintendo Co., which makes 80 percent of its sales outside of Japan. It is also forcing manufacturers like Panasonic Corp. and Hitachi Ltd. to consider shifting more production overseas.
  • Japan intervened in currency markets earlier this month to try to reverse the yen's climb. The decision to sell the yen and buy the dollar worked initially, sending the greenback toward ¥80. But the dollar has been weighed by the dimming outlook for U.S. economy and is back down to mid ¥76levels.
  • speculators for the yen's sharp gains and described recent moves as "violent."
  •  
    Japan's exports fell for the fifth straight month in July as the country contends with a strong yen and the ongoing impact of the March earthquake and tsunami. Exports fell 3.3 percent from a year earlier to ¥5.78 trillion ($75.6 billion), the government said Thursday. Exports are a key driver of the world's No.
Adam Seldis

Kenya inflation slows to 12.2 pct in May | Reuters - 5 views

    • Adam Seldis
       
      This nicely allows some evaluation, as we can speculate on to what evaluate the government should change interest rates
    • Adam Seldis
       
      I could use this to introduce the relationship between interest rates and exchange rates. However that's more international economics so I might just ignore it. 
    • Adam Seldis
       
      This is a nice article that allows me to explain what inflation is and how Kenya has cost-push disinflation. I can easily show this in a diagram. What's more it also talks about monetary policy, so I can explain how the government has helped create this - the impact of interest rates on costs. There are also some really good evaluation opportunities, particularly as the article suggests the Kenyan government itself doesn't know what to do with interest rates. I can ignore exchange rates but instead focus on the possible impact on employment and general GDP growth, whilst not ignoring the ominous signs mentioned about future world commodity prices.
Yuuji Mitsuta

Europe's (olive) oil crisis - CNN.com - 5 views

    • Yuuji Mitsuta
       
      Demand has decreased due to economic crisis
    • Yuuji Mitsuta
       
      EU intervention to reduce surplus of olive oil and incomes in rural areas of spain
  • plunged to a 10-year low as domestic consumption in the top producing southern European countries has fallen because of the economic crisis
    • Yuuji Mitsuta
       
      Demand has decreased due to economic crisis
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • price of premium-quality extra virgin olive oil in the wholesale market fell this month to $2,900 a tonne,
    • Yuuji Mitsuta
       
      Decrease in price due to decrease in demand
  • suffering from strong competition from cheaper varieties of vegetable oil.
    • Yuuji Mitsuta
       
      Substitute goods present, so has a higher PED. has lower demand compared to vegetable oil
  • This crop is vital for the main producing countries in terms of maintaining employment in their rural areas
Emily Hoshi

Panasonic looking to slash HQ personnel | The Japan Times Online - 2 views

  • Panasonic looking to slash HQ personnel
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      Panasonic (oligopolistic firm) is considering to cut workers due to recession, so microeconomics on oligopoly with the x-axis with quantity and y-axis with price can be made.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      In the end, is it possible to find a way to NOT cut workers?
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      In your IA maybe you could add a simple note saying how long the recession has been going on.
  • reduce costs and streamline the organization
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      I assume this section is saying that they are trying to reduce costs of production and increase efficiency. However, in most cases if a firm tries to lower the price they would lose customers due to price war between other firms that produce homogenous goods so it would be risky to change prices when its oligopoly. Although, their main aim is to recover its business so they are trying to cut many workers, reduce costs and increase efficiency.
  • drastic workforce downsizing at its Osaka
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      Brings marginal cost shift inwards and by that also the average cost shift inwards as well 
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      Slush in labours at Panasonic Corps in Osaka 
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • recovery of its business performance at an early date by speeding up decision-making, in addition to cost cuts after logging a massive group net loss in the business year
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      Same points made from the previous paragraph, due to recession they are aiming to increase efficiency and cut costs
  • redirecting company resources into new growth areas
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      I assume that "new growth areas" is to move the company to a more rural area because having a business at a city has a high land cost where rural areas can be much cheaper therefore, this can benefit the firm by having the cost curves to shift outward. 
  • energy-efficient products and solar panels
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      One of the factors of production, capital by having new technology such as (mentions here) solar panels. It reduces the light energy use, etc costs in the company.
  • loss of ¥772.17 billion
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      This can be shown on demand and supply where supply shifts outward, showing the loss of 772.17 billion yen on the price axis 
  • 36,000 over the year to some 330,000
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      This can be shown on phillips curve (?) to show the increase in unemployment rate by having the aggregate demand to shift inwards. 
  •  
    this is my IA
Christian Bager

Fat tax: Denmark's fat tax strikes again | GlobalPost - 1 views

  • Denmark first slapped a fat tax on saturated fats. Now lawmakers plan to hit sugar, and even chocolate consumption, in the second wave of its pioneering assault on the country's bulging waistlines and clogged arteries.
    • Christian Bager
       
      The attempts of government intervention to change the demand of fat in the past and what the government is attempting to repeat now, in order to change the demand of sugar and chocolate. This will also change the supply of the goods, since the tax will hit the producer as well.
  • Denmark will levy an extra six Danish Kroner ($1.05) on every kilogram of chocolate. The tax would go into effect on January 1.
    • Christian Bager
       
      This section shows the desired price, through the addition of the tax. It also gives a very exact target date for when the tax should be started up. This allows for graphs to be drawn before and after the event.
  • From 2013, lawmakers plan a levy on the sugar-content of processed food set at as much as 24 Kroner ($4.20) per kilogram.
    • Christian Bager
       
      This shows how over time further taxes will be put on products, showing further change in demand and supply and the SRAS and LRAS.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • "The new tax on sugar in food will first be implemented from 2013, and the details will be discussed in the coming year,"
    • Christian Bager
       
      Showing that further un decided taxes are also going to be implemented.
  • The rationale is to improve the health in the Danish population by giving a stronger incitement to buy more healthy food.
    • Christian Bager
       
      This shows the reasoning for the change in taxation. However it does not actually show that this will impact the demand of alternative products.
  • It's a trend that could be mimicked all over the world
    • Christian Bager
       
      Showing that these taxes may spread into other economies.
  • Danish bakers, famed for their flaky cinnamon pastries, are predictably up in arms.
  • Mike Rayner, Director of Oxford University’s Health Promotion Research Group, said that combining the fat tax with higher taxes on sugary products would prevent people substituting fatty foods with sugary treats.
  • "I think the saturated fat tax by itself would not have been particularly useful, but a saturated fat tax in conjunction with a higher tax on sugary products means they are trying to tackle unhealthy foods on two fronts."
Edward Pearson

Euro-Region Inflation Rate Declines More Than Forecast - Bloomberg - 2 views

  • fell to 2.4 percent from 2.6 percent
    • Joe Kanagawa
       
      Inflation rate has gone down, but it's still positive, so "disinflation" is happening in the said region.
    • Edward Pearson
       
      below 5% - deflation possible in future
  • Crude-oil prices have dropped about 16 percent in the past two months, easing inflation pressures
    • Joe Kanagawa
       
      The type of inflation the region is in could be "cost-push inflation" due to changes in the prices of oil affecting the inflation rate.
    • Edward Pearson
       
      decrease in oil - oil would be part of basket of goods for CPI - inflation could be higher because governments could underrate the spending on oil and change figures 
  • Still, data today showed the German unemployment rate fell to 6.7 percent in May from 6.8 percent
    • Joe Kanagawa
       
      Fall in unemployment rate will normally cause the inflation rate to increase, but in this case, it didn't
    • Edward Pearson
       
      -possible shift in SRPC 
    • Edward Pearson
       
      -low inflation and low unemployment is ideal for economy 
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • German business confidence fell more than economists forecast in May,
  • consumer spending also rose more than projected last month, increasing 0.6 percent
Ryo Sakai

FICCI wants government to end monopoly of Coal India - Economic Times - 1 views

    • Ryo Sakai
       
      Why are monopolies bad? Other good suggestions such as monopolistic competition and perfect competition. 
    • Ryo Sakai
       
      Wants to end monopoly because they need more demand for coal
  •  
    This will be my IA article
Yayoi Tanikawa

Japan Govt to expand routine vaccinations | The Jakarta Post - 4 views

  • Japan Govt to expand routine vaccinations
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      merit good that is under consumed
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      positive consumption externality
  • The health ministry has decided to add three immunizations--against cervical cancer and two infections that can cause bacterial meningitis
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      MPB moves towards MSB
  • subsidizing fees for the three vaccinations as an emergency measure since fiscal 2010
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      making vaccinations more accessible
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • subsidies are set to be terminated at the end of this fiscal year, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry plans to make the subsidies permanent
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      with subsidies, more quantity at a lower price
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      encourages people to get vaccinations
  • among children
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      so they can live longer, provide more to society
  • termination of subsidies for those immunizations was seen as undesirable in light of the fact that an increasing number of young people have been diagnosed with those conditions
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      by preventing the diseases, people won't have to spend more money on treating the diseases when they get older
  • routine vaccination program as soon as it can secure funding for them.
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      under produced
  • Making all seven immunizations part of the routine vaccination program would cost 200 billion yen per year
  • "It's strange to treat them differently just for budget reasons when they are all important vaccinations
Yihan Li

$6 billion-a-year ethanol subsidy dies -- but wait there's more - U.S. News - 2 views

  • America's corn farmers have been benefiting from annual federal subsidies of around $6 billion in recent years, all in the name of ethanol used as an additive for the nation's vehicles.
    • Yihan Li
       
      A supply and demand diagram showing how the loss of subsidy should affect price
  • thanks in part to high oil prices that make ethanol competitive.
    • Yihan Li
       
       Ethanol is a substitute good of oil. High price of oil thus make ethanol relatively cheap (Calculate XED if with sufficient data)
  • tax credit
    • Yihan Li
       
      tax credit is "sum deducted from the total amount a taxpayer owes to"  
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • tax credit is up to $1.01 per gallon.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Tax credit, a form of subsidy, keeps the price low and companies profitable. 
  • corn ethanol, which now takes a larger share of the U.S. corn crop than cattle, hogs and poultry, as a factor in driving food prices higher.
  • What the industry doesn’t want to see, however, is an end to a separate tax credit for ethanol made not from corn but non-foodstuffs like switchgrass, wood chips and even the leaves and stalks of corn.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Possible evaluations 1) why government wants to keep one type of subsidy while getting rid of the another type? 2) pros and cons of keeping this subsidy 
  • That ends on Jan. 1
    • Yihan Li
       
      Possible evaluations 1)pros and cons of having subsidies for ethanol 2)was the subsidy effective 3) why did the government implement this in the first place 4) what could the government have used other than tax credit
J Hwang

London Luxury-Home Price Gains Slow After Property-Tax Increase - 1 views

  •  
    -microeconomics -small growth in luxury-home prices in London after the "the government increased a tax on purchases of 2 million pounds ($3.1 million) or more" -consumers must pay more for the same good compared to before - fall in demand -prices of homes/luxury homes were growing -"Europe's debt crisis has prompted overseas investors to acquire real estate in London to preserve their wealth." - homes more scarce, hence increase in price
  •  
    -use of demand/supply curves to show the increase in demand, then show a less increase in demand after taxing
Aili Saito

Panasonic may halve its 7,000-strong headquarters ‹ Japan Today: Japan News a... - 0 views

  • aimed at speeding up decision-making
    • Aili Saito
       
      can relate to economies of scale = lack of communication is resolved
  • rival Sony
    • Aili Saito
       
      example of substitute good = XED 
    • Aili Saito
       
      PED will alter
  • been badly hit by the appreciation of the yen,
    • Aili Saito
       
      exports decrease 
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • falling prices
    • Aili Saito
       
      movement on the demand function
  • 772.2 billion yen loss
    • Aili Saito
       
      loss = bad 
  • halve its 7,000-strong headquarters
    • Aili Saito
       
      increase in unemployment
Yihan Li

Republican Lawmaker Considering a Tobacco Tax Increase Bill | StateImpact Idaho - 0 views

  • Tobacco Tax Increase
    • Yihan Li
       
      Taxation on demerit good 
  • would tack on an additional $1.25 to Idaho’s tobacco tax
    • Yihan Li
       
      Massive increase on the tax of tobacco 
  • Supporters estimate the $1.25 per pack increase could raise $50 million for the state as well as encourage people to quit or not pick up the habit
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Medicaid program at least $83 million each year and cost taxpayers as much as $319 million in other health-related costs annually.
    • Yihan Li
       
      negative consumption externalities  (benefit-cost curve) 
  •  
    Tobacco Tax
Sean Dolan

Renault backs electric cars with free chargers | Reuters - 0 views

  • electric car
    • Sean Dolan
       
      positive consumption externalities
  • o claim 10
    • Sean Dolan
       
      demand increase
  • subsidy
    • Sean Dolan
       
      subsidized
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • with volumes dropping sharply after filling advance
    • Sean Dolan
       
      decrease in demand
  • about plug-in hybrids that
    • Sean Dolan
       
      substitute goods
Graeme Lorimer

BBC News - China cuts key interest rates to boost growth - 0 views

  • attempt to boost its slowing growth
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      GPL vs. GDP curve higher price levels reduces spending and GDP
  • higher rates to savers and lower rates to borrowers.
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      Encourage spending of money rather than "keeping it under the mattress"
  • more competition
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      Good for consumers - more competition -> lower rates and more borrowing so there will be more spending and the GDP will rise
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • t's a first step in rate liberalisation
  • curb lending
  • slowdown around the world
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      China controls everything
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