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Fuyuka Nakamura

India's GDP growth slows sharply - May. 31, 2012 - 2 views

  • sharply
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      AD/AS changed in time fast
  • In the first quarter, the country's manufacturing sector contracted and its agricultural sector slowed substantially
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      An aggregate demand and supply curve can be shown to demonstrate the decline in GDP, which resulted from the contraction in the agricultural sector/manufacturing sector. The supply curve can shift down to demonstrate how the economy is producing less.
  • due primarily to weakness in its manufacturing and agricultural sectors
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Reason for the decline in economic growth in India. Shift in AS.
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  • Spending by both consumers and the government decelerated slightly.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      By spending to decrease, the demand curve will shift, as people demand/spend less on the good/service.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Consumer confidence is affected by the high interest rates (mentioned below)
  • tighter monetary policy
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Monetary Policy can be described. The interest rate and supply of money can be described to show how goods/services can affect economic growth.
  • interest rates high for three years to battle rapid inflation
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      As interest rates are high, the sectors will not want to borrow money, as they will be losing out on money. Consumers will also save their money rather than spend it, which then affects the aggregate demand curve. Which then affects the economic growth.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Contrationary Monetary Policy, as the Gov is trying to fight the inflation. In other words they want to lower the price levels. They do this by rising the interest rate to decrease the supply of money.
  • lower that rate slightly to try to stimulate economic growth.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Can talk about the effect of lowering the interest rates. How the consumers will start to spend rather than save and how the businesses (sectors) start to borrow money for investment, which then pumps up the economic growth.
  • lower rates further
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      the Reserve Bank of India can impose Expansionary Monetary Policy, lowering the interest rates, increasing the money supply, encouraging new consumption and investments. This will shift the AD out, increasing India's GDP within time. This will be their solution.
  • economic growth
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      About India's GDP It will involve AD and AS
  • sharply
  • India is the world's second most populous nation after China, and the 11th largest economy,
Yihan Li

BBC News - Australia cuts interest rates in a bid to boost growth - 0 views

  • The bank cut its key rate to 3.5% from 3.75%.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Australia's central bank cut its interest rate, which is a monetary policy. This is intended to increase consumption and investment, thus the aggregate demand   
  • At the same time, domestic demand has also been stagnant despite efforts to spur consumption.
  • At the same time, domestic demand has also been stagnant despite efforts to spur consumption.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • At the same time, domestic demand has also been stagnant despite efforts to spur consumption.
  • At the same time, domestic demand has also been stagnant despite efforts to spur consumption.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Both monetary and fiscal policies are used to stimulate the consumption, thus AD. However this has not worked. 
  • There have been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling demand due to a slowdown in global growth.
  • There have been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling demand due to a slowdown in global growth.
  • There have been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling demand due to a slowdown in global growth.
  • There have been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling demand due to a slowdown in global growth.
  • ere have been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling
  • ave been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling
  • There have been concerns that Australia's resources-led boom may be hurt by falling demand due to a slowdown in global growth.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Main component of Australia's GDP growth was export of natural resources. Due to unstable international economy, foreign companies manufacture less good, so less Australia's resources will be demanded. Thus GDP growth slows down.
    • Yihan Li
       
      AD-AS curves can be used 
  • In China, one of the biggest markets for Australian commodity exports, both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors have seen the pace of growth slow in May, raising concerns about a slowdown in its economy.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Since China is Australia's biggest exporter, stagnation of Chinese economy will reduce the export, thus AD
  • Meanwhile there have been fears about the recovery in the US economy losing its pace after it reported weaker-than-expected jobs data for May.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Low consumer and business confidence, which may reduce consumption and investment 
  • However, there has been a slew of weak economic data that has come out since then.
  • accommodative stance
    • Yihan Li
       
      accommodative stance = looser monetary policies
  • The country's housing market has seen prices fall and continues to remain subdued despite earlier cuts to the cost of borrowing
    • Yihan Li
       
      House is most people's biggest asset. The decrease in its price will reduce people's disposable income, thus consumption and AD 
  •  
    Interest Rate and Macroeconomy  
Shoko Kuroda

U.S. Growth Slows to 2.2%, Report Says - NYTimes.com - 1 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      It clearly states that the increase in consumer confidence shifted the AD curve to the right and how this lead to the stable US GDP growth
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      can draw a graph describing the growth in GDP by a AD curve shift to the right
  • Business investment, which had been a bright spot, declined in the most recent quarter.
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    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Business investment is stated as another factor which contributed to the decrease in GDP growth 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Explanation as to what is GDP, its definition and the major factors which influence GDP. GDP= C (consumption)+G (government spending) +I (investment) +(X-M) (exports- imports)
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Could give an insight to some statistics as to what the GDP growth rates are for few countries around the world 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Evaluate on the two different perspectives and the extent to both are valid 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      reducing unemployment is another factor which affects GDP. State and explain how employment increases GDP. When people are employed this increases consumer confidence and results in consumers to be more willing to pay for goods and services and therefore increases consumption which is a big part of GDP. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Explain the relationship between the GDP of other countries. Such in this time period, Greece as a country was going the path of becoming bankrupt. The Euro-crisis contracted the economy of many countries. When they have a smaller economy, they have less amount of exports and therefore this could have made the difference between exports and imports significant and influenced GDP. 
  • Government spending also fell
  • particularly large drop in military outlays.
  • Many economists pointed out that consumer spending, mostly on cars and other large items, seemed to have come at a cost. Consumer savings declined.
  • decline in business investment.
  • Businesses spent more on equipment and software but much less on infrastructure.
  • decline in investment in
  • construction related to mining, oil and gas
  • series of external shocks, like a spike in gas prices (this year’s was less severe and is already subsiding) and the Ja
  • panese earthquake.
  • where many countries are already in recession and where this week Britain announced that it had entered the dreaded “double dip.”
  • slowing of China’s breakneck
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Decline in business investment, infrastructures invest more money therefore bring a bigger influence on growth of GDP whereas equipment and software have little affect since it is not as expensive as building roads and buildings. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Investment on construction of mining, oil and gas is similar to business investment on infrastructure since they acquire a lot of money whereas spendings on factories and office buildings are not as expensive as construction related spending. 
  • Shipments of durable goods increased last month, but new orders showed the steepest drop since January 2009.
  • unemployment benefits have risen.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Unemployment benefits have risen, indicating that since there is a population who dont have a job, the government has to afford them unemployment benefits which reduces GDP. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Natural hazards such as the Earthquake and Tsunami which hit Fukushima on March 11, reduced the exports of Japanese goods to foreign countries due to the news of radiation. Because of a decrease in demand for Japanese goods, this could have reduced imports for America and a smaller difference between exports and imports of goods. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Because China has such a global impact on the world's economy, the slowing growth of the Chinese economy could reduce consumption of goods, considering the fact that the prices of Chinese goods could increase. 
Nich Fabrici

US economy points to jobless misery | Latest Business & Australian Stock market News | ... - 1 views

  • US economy points to jobless misery
  • US economy grew
  • slowly
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • 1.9 percent in the first quarter, instead of the 2.2 percent pace initially estimated last month.
  • Payrolls firm ADP reported private-sector employment rose by a modest 133,000 jobs in May, well below expectations, from April's 113,000 number.
  • US unemployment benefits - indicating the pace of layoffs - rose by 10,000 to 383,000 in the week ending May 26,
  • 2.0 percent,
    • Derek Schwung
       
      New jobs --> indicator of lower unemployment 
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      More jobs should stimulate the second quarter Economic growth, but didn't.
  • The four-week moving average also increased
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Find out what the four-week moving average is, could possibly be interesting 
  • The lackluster data came just five months ahead of the November presidential election in a race dominated by high unemployment concerns.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Maybe just a political move? 
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      or an economic fault? need deeper research on this point.
  • The first-quarter slowdown was due in part to declines in private inventory investment and a pick-up in imports,
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Causes as to why it happened
  • stalled with growth at about 2.0 percent,
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Growth is stalled Could talk about what no growth would result in. 
  • Fresh jobs indicators for May on Thursday suggested that second-quarter economic conditions would do little to spur recovery in the sick labor market.
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      Decrease in Growth could mean disinflation is on it's way, to the already injured US economy.
  • 3.0 percent growth rate in the final quarter of 2011
Shoko Kuroda

U.S. Growth Slows to 2.2%, Report Says - NYTimes.com - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      GDP, Growth Domestic product is in the section of macro economics
  • The economic recovery slowed more than expected early this year,
  • an annual rate of 2.2 percent in the first quarter, down from 3 percent at the end of last year,
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  • It was the first deceleration in a year, but it was not nearly as severe as other setbacks in the last couple of years.
  • Mitt Romney
  • insisting that the president has held back the recovery and intends to do further damage.
  • White House focused on
  • solid growth in consumer spending and a surge in residential building.
  • the private sector is continuing to heal from the financial crisis,” said Alan Krueger, chairman of the president’s Council of Economic Advisers.
  • subsidize the employment of teachers and first responders to emergencies.
  • Economists initially predicted a much weaker showing in the latest quarter, partly because of a large accumulation of inventories in the fall and winter that needed to be worked off. But in the last few weeks, expectations rose on strong jobs reports and rising consumer confidence.
  • Consumer spending did turn out to be the major strength
  • Business investment, which had been a bright spot, declined in the most recent quarter.
  • Government spending also fell more than anticipated,
  • thanks in part to a particularly large drop in military outlays.
  • Consumer savings declined.
  • decline in business investment.
  • Businesses spent more on equipment and software but much less on infrastructure.
  • in construction related to mining, oil and gas, while manufacturers actually increased their spending on factories and office buildings.
  • another significant slowdown, saying that last year’s hiccup was the result of a series of external shocks, like a spike in gas prices (this year’s was less severe and is already subsiding) and the Japanese earthquake.
  • Stagnation in Europe and a slowing of China’s breakneck expansion have weakened global demand even as corporate profits have continued to outpace expectations.
Shoko Kuroda

Weak Job Growth in May as Unemployment Rate Ticked Up - NYTimes.com - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The title of the article indicates that it is about unemployment which is in the field od macroeconomics. 
  • global slowdown as the European crisis escalates.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This sentence indicates the correlation between the unemployment fear of workers in America and the European crisis with countries referred as 'PIGS'. 
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  • the nation’s employers added the fewest jobs in a year and the unemployment rate actually rose,
  • serious vulnerability for President Obama as he faces re-election
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The significance of unemployment rate is clearly indicated, such as the the impact on Obama's re-election. 
  • The unemployment rate rose to 8.2 percent in May from 8.1 in April, though largely because more people began looking for work.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Unemployment raises when there is more demand for working because no matter whether there is an increase or decrease in the working labour force, the number of available jobs are limited. Because there is a limited number in the number of jobs, the increase in demand for employment raises the unemployment rate. 
  • another recession.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The word 'recession' can used to introduce the Keynesian economics with the boom and the busts cycles and monetary and fiscal policies to reduce these cycles. 
  • The report on American jobs added to the global pall that has deepened with Europe’s debt crisis and slowing growth in China and India.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This indicates the influence of America's unemployment rate as well as their economic growth to the other major countries, such as China and India. A increase in America's unemployment rate resulting in a decrease in America's GDP growth has affect on the economy of China and India, such as in exporting goods. 
  • Yields on United States and German government bonds also slumped as investors bid up the bonds’ prices looking for safety.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The decrease in the prices of government bonds in Germany and United States indicates that the citizens dont have the trust to these countries for their skill to return the money with a fixed amount of tax. This is also another indication for the economy not doing well. 
  • The underlying pace of the domestic economy is a slog, driven by manufacturing and restrained by slackening global demand.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The main factor of decrease in America's GDP is stated as the overall decrease in the demand for goods since many economies are not successful. 
  • “Manufacturers are very concerned about Europe because a blowup in Europe means a global slowdown,”
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Europe can be noted as one of the important continents which greatly affect the global economy. 
  • diverse,
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Whether a company has a diverse target audience or not can be a indicator to determine the impacts of global slow down in markets. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      A graph illustrating a global decrease in demand can be applied to draw the consequences of decrease in GDP. 
  • Obama’s economic policies.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      The economic policies which President Obama used can be described thoroughly in this section, such as fiscal and monetary and their success. 
  • The May jobs report showed gains in health care, transportation and warehousing, and wholesale trade, while construction jobs fell by a seasonally adjusted 28,000. Even some bright spots, like booming auto sales, failed to meet expectations or to bolster manufacturing employment by much — only 12,000 jobs.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Both the positives and the negatives of America's economy can be explained more in depth and the impact of each factor to the market. 
Ayaka Matsumura

BBC News - China inflation rate dips to a 30-month low in July - 0 views

  • inflation
  • Consumer
  • dips to a 30-month low
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • rose by 1.8%
  • down from a 2.2%
  • 3% rise
  • spur domestic consumption
  • domestic consumption
  • domestic consumption
  • many Asian economies
  • Rising consumer prices
  • China's economy grew at its slowest pace in three years in second quarter.
  • 18.7%
  • and 6.1%
  • key drivers of the slowdown in the rate of inflation.
  • China's economy grew at an annual rate of 7.6%
  • slowing global demand for its exports.
  • down from an 8.1% expansion
  • boost stimulus measures
  • world's second-largest economy may slow further
  • Beijing has taken various measures to spur growth.
  • the People's Bank of China, has cut its key interest rates twice since the start of June.
  • benchmark lending rate down to 6%
  • more money to lend to consumers and businesses
  • slowdown in the growth of consumer prices may see policymakers introduce further measures to boost growth
  • more room for policy easing
  • rate of inflation was "likely be below the official 4% percent target for the year, so the policy focus for the government can stay clearly on growth
  •  
    China's inflation dipped to a 30-month low in July, giving policymakers a bigger cushion to boost stimulus measures to spur economic growth. Consumer prices rose by 1.8% in July, from a year earlier. That was down from a 2.2% growth rate in June and a 3% rise in May.
Tomomi Nakamura

BBC News - Australian jobs growth hits eight-year high - 0 views

  • Australia's jobs growth has hit an eight-year high after the economy added 38,900 jobs in May, far more than forecast.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Adding more jobs will help improve the unemployment rate, as there are more jobs available for the people.  This could lead to an economic growth.
  • The data follows better-than-forecast economic growth of 1.3% in the first quarter compared with the previous three months
  • In recent years, Australia's economic boom has been powered by the growing global demand for its natural resources
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Natural resources are scarce resources, so there is always a high demand.  Australia could use those resources to gain money from other countries by selling them.
Fuyuka Nakamura

BBC News - Thailand exports fall in April as global demand slows - 5 views

  • Thailand exports fall in April as global demand slows
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Article 2: Demand and Supply
  • falling demand
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      There was a fall in demand of goods/services from Thailand, as demand from their main exporters (US/Europe) decreased.
  • exports
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      One of the components of AD. Therefore, it will affect the Country's GDP as well.
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  • Manufacturing and export sector are key contributors to Thailand's economic growth
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      This explains that exports is a key component in the country's GDP. A decrease in export will affect the country's GDP heavily. (GDP decreases)
  • eurozone debt crisis
  • eurozone's ongoing problems will continue to drag
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Meaning demand will keep on decreasing in Europe/USA, decreasing the exports from Thailand even more.
  • foreign sales accounting for more than half of Thailand's gross domestic product
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Represent how exports are more important than consumption/any other factors in determining GDP in Thailand.
  • on Thai
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Graph: D shifts down. QD and QP decreases for particular manufactured good. Graph 2: AD shifts down, shrinking the economy.
  • Excessive flooding last last year caused damage to factories and businesses, hurting production
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Another reason to why their economic growth is slumping. This will result from a shift in the supply curve.
  • economic problems
  • boosting domestic consumption
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      A key component in AD/ GDP. By increasing consumption, AD and GDP will increase, boosting the economic growth.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Graph: Rise in AD, real GDP increase.
  • Thailand
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Will this Article count as Macro?
Emily Hoshi

BBC News - China inflation growth dims hopes of interest rate cut - 0 views

  • inflation
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      definition for inflation 
  • interest rate
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      definition for interest rate
  • costs pushed up
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      definition for cost push inflation
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  • Consumer prices grew by 3.6% in March from a year earlier, up from 3.2% in February. Analysts had forecast an increase of 3.3%.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      graph showing the increase in consumer prices 
  • set a target of 4% for 2012.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      the effect of setting a 4% inflation (?) --> graph and show
  • central bank to hold back on monetary policy easing for now.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      the reason why (?)
  • stronger-than-expected inflation could slow down the pace of monetary policy relaxin
  • China's economy grew by 8.9% in the three months
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      giving reasons to it why their economy is slowing down 
  • slowest pace of growth in more than two years.
  • slowing demand for its exports
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      point this in the graph 
  • markets such as the US and eurozone.
  • China's central bank has been easing its monetary policy in recent months.
  • sustain its pace of growth
  • cut the amount of money banks must keep in reserve
  • boost
  • sustain economic growth
  • speculation that the central bank may cut the cost of borrowing in a further attempt to boost growth.
  • money at low rates may push consumer prices higher.
  •  
    Mr. Seldis: Is this okay for my IA2?
Melanie Arxhoek

Mass strikes across India over fuel prices - Central & South Asia - Al Jazeera English - 2 views

    • Melanie Arxhoek
       
      The economic growth in India has slowed down as the figures show for the first quarter of this year as it only expanded by 5.3%. There could be different reasons for this.
  • The strike came on the same day as shock economic growth figures for the January-March quarter showed the slowest quarterly expansion in nine years, of 5.3 per cent
  • The listless economy, high inflation and a series of corruption scandals have weakened the coalition government headed by the 79-year-old Singh and his Congress party
  • ...5 more annotations...
    • Melanie Arxhoek
       
      Here some problems are mentioned, which would impact the recent decrease in growth and thus the rise in fuel costs.
  • Last week, Indian state-run oil firms announced the sharpest jump in petrol prices in nearly a decade to offset growing losses caused by subsidised rates
  • Once taxes are included, the price increase of Rs6.28 (11 US cents) per litre will result in a Rs7.5-rupee rise for consumers in cities such as Delhi
    • Melanie Arxhoek
       
      This further expands into the reasons of why the fuel prices have risen.
    • Melanie Arxhoek
       
      In this sentence we finally get some statistics that we could use to draw a graph and show the shift in price.
  •  
    11% increase in fuel costs, going from Rs 6.28 per litre to Rs 7.5. Growth figures for the first quarter showed the slowest expansion in 9 years of 5.3%. Listless economy, high inflation and corruption has weakened the economy. Annual inflation is currently at 7%
  •  
    Article I will use for Macro IA
Nich Fabrici

India Seeks Increase in Penalty on Coal India - WSJ.com - 2 views

    • Nich Fabrici
       
      Increase in Penalty Due to Decrease in supply.
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      Title is nearly insignificant. Focusing on the decrease in supply to the consumer, and not the increase in penalty.
  • Coal India,
  • 80% of India's coal needs
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • stagnation in coal output growth
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      Growth of Firm is Decreasing, decrease in supply. Also meets 80 percent of coal needs, demand is high
  • environment clearances
  • supply shortfall
  • educed electricity generation
  • ndia's 200-gigawatt electricity generation capacity is coal-based,
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      They are a MONOPOLY- they rule more then 50% of they Coal Market in India
  • increased supply of coal
  • economic growth
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      Although Economic Growth is Macro, it shows a strong correlation between the two.
  • The government earlier this year directed Coal India to sign pacts with the utilities that became operational after April 2009,
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      Government has Intervened- declaring that it will be a Monopoly after signing packs.
  • as was the case in the previous supply pacts.
  • 14 power producers out of a total of about 40 utilities that are likely to sign pacts.
    • Nich Fabrici
       
      MAXIMUM PRICE  SUBSIDIES?
Tomomi Nakamura

Spain in eurozone crisis cross-hairs - CNN.com - 0 views

  • crisis
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      This suggests that the article will be about the economic (macro) problems which the eurozone has been going through. 
  • financial crisis
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      It is an issue about money, which relates to the GDP of the country.
  • borrowing costs
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      It may suggest problems with national debt or interest rates.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • unemployment rates at devastating levels.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Low unemployment rate is one of the macroeconomic objectives.  However, the unemployment rate is very high, and that is not good for the economy.
  • bad investments
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Investment is a factor that influences GDP in the equation AD=C+I+G+(X-M), and if there is bad investment, the I component will decrease, which will also decrease the GDP value.
  • When the economy collapsed in 2008, people lost their jobs -- and with them their homes.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      When people lose jobs, it will increase the unemployment of that country.  Houses are the most valuable objects that a person owns, and if they lose their homes it will have a huge impact on their lives.
  • strengthening the banking sector.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      They may be doing something to improve the economy's flow of money, debts, etc.
  • Spain also has an unemployment crisis, with more than half those under 24 out of work, and almost one in four people overall. Spain's jobless rate has helped pushed the eurozone's total unemployment rate to 11% -- its highest since the eurozone was created in 1999
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      High unemployment has bad influence to the economy of Spain, which could also have an effect on other countries of the eurozone.
  • The situation in Spain is developing like a "perfect storm," with money being pulled out of the country, despite the desperate need to stem capital flight and support its banking system.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Issues with the flow of money.  Leakage will lead to a decrease in economic growth.
  • This leaves Spain in a precarious financial state, driving investors away, pushing up its borrowing costs and making it more likely to need a bailout.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      There will be less investment which will decrease GDP, and if the country needs to borrow more money, their debt will continue to increase.
  • money being pulled out of the country
  • The retirement age has been raised from 65 to 67, while public sector wages and welfare payments have been cut.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Raising the retirement age may decrease the number of people who are unemployed, but lowering the wages may be a disincentive to the workers.
  • Academics and financiers are also wading into the policy debate, with billionaire George Soros saying in a speech this month that the "wrong remedy" has been applied to the crisis. "You cannot reduce the debt burden by shrinking the economy, only by growing your way out of it," he said.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Shrinking the economy is not good, and that may cause more problems which will not help improve economic growth.
Shoko Kuroda

BBC News - Factory output in Japan weaker than expected in April - 4 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Demand, indicates that this article is on micro economics, relating to supply and demand
  • output
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Output is another word for supply and this can be referenced to micro economics, which is about supply and demand. 
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • China's slowdown and a rising yen for the expected fall.
  • As Japan continues to recover from a devastating earthquake and tsunami last year, the ministry said industrial production continued to improve.
  • Industries that contributed to the slight rise in output included transport, chemicals and electrical machinery.
  • "More crucial is final demand in China,
    • Erica Nozawa
       
      I could draw a demand - supply diagram from this, indicating the declining demand for cars, consequently leading to a drop in supply. 
    • Erica Nozawa
       
      This is because China is a massive economy, and it bears an extremely important role in the Japanese economy, especially after having taken over the second largest economy world wide. 
    • Erica Nozawa
       
      Japan's economy stagnated severely after the earthquake and tsunami. This was due to the rapidly dropping demand from consumers, who deferred purchasing inessential goods. 
  • , demand from China would be the determining factor for continued growth
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This quotation indicates the global impact of the Chinese economy. Because a large proportion of Japanese goods' is exported to China, a decrease in demand means that there would be less output. This can be related to the US GDP article, stating that a decrease in demand would make it difficult to produce the good to be either exported or imported and have affect on GDP growth. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Need to explain how decrease or increase in currency can influence output. 
  •  
    Japan's factory output was weaker than expected in April because of slower demand for electronics goods, especially in China. Output was 0.2% higher in April from March, the Trade and Industry Ministry said. Analysts had forecast a figure of 0.5%. The ministry said it expects output to fall in May, before rebounding in June.
Derek Schwung

BBC News - Spanish unemployment hits record 5.64 million - 0 views

    • Derek Schwung
       
      Current unemployment rates in Spain
  • Monday are expected to confirm that Spain has fallen back into recession.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      A result/consequence of the unemployment levels. 
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • 0.4% in first three months of this year, after shrinking by 0.3% in the final quarter of last year.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Decrease in GDP is a cause for the high unemployment. 
  • Spanish retail sales were down 3.7% in March from the same point a year ago, the 21st month in row sales have fallen.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Sales = consumer spending. Less consumer spending/confidence will result in a decrease in GDP
  • The rate has risen sharply since April 2007, when it stood at 7.9%.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Comparison to what the unemployment figures before the recession. 
  • The new government has announced reforms to the labour market, including cutting back on severance pay and restricting i
  • nflation-linked salary increases, that it hopes will ease the problem.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      What spain is doing to remedy the unemployment. 
  • The government has also introduced drastic spending cuts designed to reduce its debt levels and meet deficit targets agreed with the European Union. These cuts are contributing to Spain's economic contraction.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Even though government expenditure would increase the AD/GDP, which would result in more employment, Spain is being forced to reduce government spending. 
  • S&P predicts the Spanish economy will shrink by 1.5% this year, having previously forecast 0.3% growth.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Large decrease in GDP 
  • "We believe that the new government has been front-loading and implementing a comprehensive set of structural reforms, which should support economic growth over the longer term," S&P said. "In particular, authorities have implemented a comprehensive reform of the Spanish labour market, which we believe could significantly reduce many of the existing structural rigidities and improve the flexibility in wage setting."
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Solutions to the problem by analysts. 
  • The yield on 10-year bonds rose to 5.96%, up from 5.81%, suggesting investors were becoming more wary of Spain's ability to repay its debts.
    • Derek Schwung
       
      Investors are also key in GDP, which would boost economy, but they are weary. 
Nofar Lapidot

BBC News - McDonald's profits boosted by store revamps - 2 views

  • 13 months rose 8.9%
    • Nofar Lapidot
       
      Shift outward in demand
  • solid sales growth of 5%
    • Nofar Lapidot
       
      shift out in demand even though economic downturn in europe. Possibly because McDonalds is cheap making it popular.
  • 1,300 new stores
    • Nofar Lapidot
       
      expansion in supply
  •  
    Increase in demand for McDonalds even though there is an economic downturn in Europe.
Kat Whatley

Wesfarmers upbeat on retailing - 1 views

  • cheaper, unbranded groceries were good for customers.
    • Kat Whatley
       
      These are inferior goods
  • ''Offering a choice of quality private label products alongside their favourite brands is one way Coles can help,'' he said.
    • Kat Whatley
       
      Given the option, consumers are willing to opt for the cheaper, unbranded version amid high economic costs.
  • Coles is ''supporting the creation of 10,000 new jobs by suppliers through volume growth'' - with $1.6 billion in extra fresh food sales per year and a doubling in the value of produce sourced directly from Australian growers.
    • Kat Whatley
       
      Shows economies of scale: Coles can sell cheaper because as a chain they can source from farmers directly. This lowers their costs of production and thus lowers consumer prices.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The strategy focused on improving the quality of Target's products and in-store services.
    • Kat Whatley
       
      Target is one of a few very large clothing stores in Australia. Like an oligopolistic market, Westerfarmers must use non price determinant factors to get more consumers.
  • The division has boosted food and liquor sales from $21 billion to an estimated $26.5 billion this year.
    • Kat Whatley
       
      Large gains in profit due to cheaper costs and more sales.
  • Several economists said the weak data strengthened the case for further interest rate cuts, following the ANZ forecast of another 0.75 percentage points in cuts by the end of the year.
    • Kat Whatley
       
      This is amid low growth rates for Australia. Suggests monetary policy as a solution.
Yihan Li

BBC News - Federal Reserve to buy more debt to boost US economy - 0 views

  • buy "additional agency mortgage-backed securities at a pace of $40bn (£25bn) per month".
    • Yihan Li
       
      Buying the securities increases the supply of money in the market
    • Yihan Li
       
      Increase in supply of money is used to expand aggregate demand
    • Yihan Li
       
      (evaluation) talk about the merits and demerits of increase in AD
  • nterest rates in the US have been close to zero for several years now, and the Fed again kept them at below 0.25% on Thursday.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Low interest rate keeps aggregate demand high -> more spending and investment 
    • Yihan Li
       
      Draw interest rate vs quantity of money diagram
  • quantitative easing
    • Yihan Li
       
      quantitative easing = A monetary policy used to increase the money supply by buying government securities or other securities from the market
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • "We doubt it will be enough to get the economy on the right track. It's only a matter of time before speculation begins as to when the Fed will raise its purchases from $40bn a month."
    • Yihan Li
       
      (evaluation) not enough money is spent by Federal Reserve 
  • the central bank buys bonds to keep the long-term cost of borrowing down.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Increase in supply of money keeps cost of borrowing (long-term interest rate) low
  • The unemployment rate in the US has been above 8% since January 2009, but the current 8.1% is down from the recent high of 10% in October 2009.
    • Yihan Li
       
      high unemployment = the economy is not doing well. 
    • Yihan Li
       
      The main reason why Fed implemented the policy 
  • US presidential election.
    • Yihan Li
       
      The decision is influenced by political factors 
  • Ben Bernanke also lowered the Fed's growth forecast for the US economy to 2% this year, down from the 2.4% it predicted in June
    • Yihan Li
       
      Fed decided to implement the policy because economy is not growing quickly enough 
    • Yihan Li
       
      Draw a AD-AS diagram to explain the results of AD shift on economy 
  • "The committee is concerned that, without further policy accommodation, economic growth might not be strong enough to generate sustained improvement in labour market conditions,
    • Yihan Li
       
      Without Fed's help, unemployment may increase or be stagnant. Maybe talk about Okun's law, which states that 3% increase in output corresponds to a 1% decline in the rate of unemployment
  • Federal Reserve to buy more debt to boost US economy
    • Yihan Li
       
      Why using monetary policy, not using fiscal policy? What are other options?  
Graeme Lorimer

BBC News - China cuts key interest rates to boost growth - 0 views

  • attempt to boost its slowing growth
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      GPL vs. GDP curve higher price levels reduces spending and GDP
  • higher rates to savers and lower rates to borrowers.
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      Encourage spending of money rather than "keeping it under the mattress"
  • more competition
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      Good for consumers - more competition -> lower rates and more borrowing so there will be more spending and the GDP will rise
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • t's a first step in rate liberalisation
  • curb lending
  • slowdown around the world
    • Graeme Lorimer
       
      China controls everything
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