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Amy Haggstrom

Thomas D. Fallace | Historiography and Teacher Education: Reflections on an Experimenta... - 1 views

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    "http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ht/42.2/fallace.html From The History Teacher Vol. 42, Issue 2. Viewed February 1, 2010 2:50 EST Presented online in association with the History Cooperative. http://www.historycooperative.org Historiography and Teacher Education: Reflections on an Experimental Course Thomas D. Fallace University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia IN RECENT YEARS, professional historians have encouraged policy makers to increase content requirements in history in hopes of improving the overall teaching of history in American schools. Support for such proposals has come from many sources. The origins of this movement can be traced to the 1983 National Commission on Excellence in Education's Nation at Risk report, which declared that the ignorance of American youth was at a crisis level. E. D. Hirsch reiterated this concern in his best-selling Cultural Literacy, in which he also decried the lack of content knowledge of American students. Further studies, such as Diane Ravitch and Chester Finn's What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? and the Bradley Commission's Historical Literacy, argued that students were particularly deficient in historical knowledge. As a result, in the 1990s, many historians and policy makers endorsed a strengthening of history teacher requirements and the addition of expanded required historical content in the curriculum.1 1 In the 1980s and 1990s, new advances in cognitive and learning theory also supported increased disciplinary knowledge for teachers. In 1987, Lee Shulman's influential article, "Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of a New Reform," introduced the concept of pedagogical content knowledge-"a special amalgam of content and pedagogy that is uniquely the province of teachers, their own special form of professional understanding."2 Shulman argued that effective history teachers draw upon techniques and understandings unique to the discipline, not upon a generic set of instructional tools t
Ian Gabrielson

NATO History - 0 views

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    "A short history of NATO It is often said that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union. This is only partially true. In fact, the Alliance's creation was part of a broader effort to serve three purposes: deterring Soviet expansionism, forbidding the revival of nationalist militarism in Europe through a strong North American presence on the continent, and encouraging European political integration."
Amy Haggstrom

World War II: The Allied Invasion of Europe - In Focus - The Atlantic - 1 views

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    "Canadian soldiers from 9th Brigade land with their bicycles at Juno Beach in Bernieres-sur-Mer during D-Day, while Allied forces were storming the Normandy beaches."
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