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"http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ht/42.2/fallace.html From The History Teacher Vol. 42, Issue 2. Viewed February 1, 2010 2:50 EST Presented online in association with the History Cooperative. http://www.historycooperative.org Historiography and Teacher Education: Reflections on an Experimental Course Thomas D. Fallace University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia IN RECENT YEARS, professional historians have encouraged policy makers to increase content requirements in history in hopes of improving the overall teaching of history in American schools. Support for such proposals has come from many sources. The origins of this movement can be traced to the 1983 National Commission on Excellence in Education's Nation at Risk report, which declared that the ignorance of American youth was at a crisis level. E. D. Hirsch reiterated this concern in his best-selling Cultural Literacy, in which he also decried the lack of content knowledge of American students. Further studies, such as Diane Ravitch and Chester Finn's What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? and the Bradley Commission's Historical Literacy, argued that students were particularly deficient in historical knowledge. As a result, in the 1990s, many historians and policy makers endorsed a strengthening of history teacher requirements and the addition of expanded required historical content in the curriculum.1 1 In the 1980s and 1990s, new advances in cognitive and learning theory also supported increased disciplinary knowledge for teachers. In 1987, Lee Shulman's influential article, "Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of a New Reform," introduced the concept of pedagogical content knowledge-"a special amalgam of content and pedagogy that is uniquely the province of teachers, their own special form of professional understanding."2 Shulman argued that effective history teachers draw upon techniques and understandings unique to the discipline, not upon a generic set of instructional tools t

Focus on Films is an archive of British portrayal of events Domesday, Tudors, Stuarts Early 20th Century Actuality films, Women's suffrage, Great War, Ireland, British Empire and Commonwealth, Inter-war Years, World War Two Post-war: Britain since 1945, British Empire and Commonwealth, Cold War

Cold War info.

Fog of War Teacher Guide Links and Book Resources

WWI Rise of Hitler League of Nations WWII Stalin Spanish Civil War Mao Cold War Vietnam War Castro Mussolini Historical Interpretations

IB History 20th Century Russia, WWI, Cold War, Vietnam Bismarck, European Union, Spanish Civil War, Hitler, Stalin

Origins WWI First World War Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Road to WWII Cold War Vietnam Germany 1918-1939 USA 1917-1941

WWII Interwar Years The Cold War Germany 1919-1939 Russia 1917-1941 US 1919-1941

Chronology of Russian History Resources and Online links Archives in russia Dynasties Aseembly of Russian nobility History of Jews in russia Treasures of the Tsars Historical Maps Alaska Alexander II, Nicholas and Alexandra Marxism-Leninism Soviet Union, Cold War, Soviet ArchivesRussian/Soviet Technology

WWI, Interwar Years, WWII, Cold War Industrial Revolution, US: Native Americans, African Americans