The trust that organizations place in their workforce can leave them vulnerable to malicious insiders, who often use particular methods to hide their illicit activities.

Current technology allows seamless collaboration, but also allows the organization's sensitive information to be easily removed from the organization. A complete understanding of critical assets (both physical and logical) is invaluable in defending against attackers who will often target the organization's critical assets.

Critical assets can be both physical and logical and can include facilities, systems, technology, and people. An often-overlooked aspect of critical assets is intellectual property.

Insider Threat Incident Response Plan:

Organization-wide Participation:

versight of Program Compliance and Effectiveness:

Confidential Reporting Mechanisms and Procedures:

Formalized and Defined Program:

ommunication of Insider Threat Events:

Protection of Employees' Civil Liberties and Rights:

Policies, Procedures, and Practices that support the InTP:

Data Collection and Analysis Techniques and Practices:

Prevention, Detection, and Response Infrastructure:

Insider Threat Practices Related to Trusted Business Partners:

Insider Threat Integration with Enterprise Risk Management:

Organizations should ensure policies and controls provide: concise and coherent documentation, including reasoning behind the policy, where applicable consistent and regular employee training on the policies and their justification, implementation, and enforcement Organizations should be particularly clear on policies regarding acceptable use and disclosure of the organization's systems, information, and resources use of privileged or administrator accounts ownership of information created as a work product evaluation of employee performance, including requirements for promotion and financial bonuses processes and procedures for addressing employee grievances

wareness training for the unintentional insider threat should encourage employees to identify potential actions or ways of thinking that could lead to an unintentional event, including level of risk tolerance--someone willing to take more risks than the norm attempts at multi-tasking--individuals who multi-task may be more likely to make mistakes large amounts of personal or proprietary information shared on social media lack of attention to detail

Our intent was to develop a single definition for insider threat that covers malicious and non-malicious (unintentional) insider threats covers cyber and physical impacts applies to both government and industry is clear, concise, consistent with existing definitions of 'threat', and broad enough to cover all insider threats

Regardless of the solution they eventually offer, entrepreneurs who hang back can avoid early fatal flaws that interrupt fantastic consumer experiences.

Poor marketing, uber-techiness and overspending.

1. Watch, look and listen.

2. Use negative sentiment to your advantage.

Capitalize on negative press swirling around your competition by waiting to release a similar product.

Lyft and Uber have been entangled in a fight like this for a while.

3. Differentiate yourself through great execution.

As you read through social media posts and dig into articles on your competition's products, figure out where things went awry. Make sure you don't stumble over the same roadblocks.

Apple has merely found a smoother path to streamline a service people want and already use

While we love a story of bold innovation, innovation doesn't always keep the lights on. Sometimes, it's far wiser to come in second or third where the spotlight is less blinding -- there, you can see where you're going.

Implementing a digital menu board can be an enormous expense. The more elaborate they get, the more expensive they become. You'll have to purchase the hardware, the software, and the infrastructure required to implement the signage.

A high-quality printed menu board is generally executed better than the best of the digital menu boards. It's crisper, clearer, and the colors are richer than their digital counterparts.

 Should your digital menu board go down, it’s DOWN. There’s no backup, so your customers are left staring at a blank screen.

Sure, your digital menu board might be cheaper in the long run, but it might be at the expense of the appearance of your food

While traditional printed menu boards require very little by way of maintenance, a digital menu board will need continuous maintenance.

Printed boards are significantly less expensive to implement, and they're much easier to install, too.

The GDS data from is then distributed among booking platforms and directly to travel agents who request it.

All the systems mentioned above are connected via APIs or an EDIFACT protocol and distributed via GDSs. So, if an Online Travel Agency (OTA) wants to access flight information, it must connect to a GDS or third-party API for fares and schedules.

Flight search

Reservation management

Passenger name record (PNR) is a personal code that contains a traveler’s information and itinerary.

Ancillary services include an ability to reserve a particular seat, additional baggage, extra legroom, or in-flight meals.

Being a member of a frequent-flyer or airline loyalty program, a passenger can use earned miles accumulated from each flight, or points for purchasing extra services from airlines.

To receive a ticket with a PNR (sometimes called a booking confirmation number), a traveler must pay the fare.

A payment gateway is a third-party service that not only processes all financial operations between customer and merchant, it also ensures data safety.

As soon as the payment was processed by the payment gateway, the airline’s CRS can generate a booking confirmation number and issue an electronic version of a ticket.

Based on a flight’s itinerary, airport baggage management systems like SITA’s BagManager or ARINC SmartBag generate code and issue a baggage tag with it each time luggage is checked-in through an airport agent or a self-service drop.

Since there are no ticket agents anymore and you don’t need to call them to reserve a paper ticket, today’s flight booking pipeline is considered to be simpler than before. But still, a single booking requires a number of different operations, all bound to one another.

providing the operational data for planning, scheduling and control , and helps them further in decision-making at the operation level to correct an out of control situation.

Disciplined information reporting system creates structure database and a knowledge base for all the people in the organization. The information is available in such a form that it can be used straight away by blending and analysis, saving the manager’s valuable time.

plays a vital role in the management, administration and operation of an organization.

marketing, finance, production and personnel becomes more efficient.

helps the middle management in short term planning, target setting and controlling the business functions.

It helps indirectly to pull the entire organization in one direction towards the corporate goals and objectives by providing the relevant information to the organization.

It will be observed that lot of manpower is engaged in this activity in the organization. Seventy (70) percent of the time is spent in recording, searching, processing and communicating.

information is doubling up every two or three years

a manager has to process a large voluminous data; failing which he may end up taking a strong decision that may prove to be very costly to the company.

today MIS is considered to be of permanent importance, sometimes regarded as the name centre of an organization

It has been well understood that MIS enables even small organizations to more than offset the economies of scale enjoyed by their bigger competitors and thus helps in providing a competitive edge over other organizations.