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David W

Pope Urban II orders first Crusade - Nov 27, 1095 - HISTORY.com - 5 views

www.history.com/...-urban-ii-orders-first-crusade

shared by David W on 07 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of "Deus vult!" or "God wills it!"
  • By the end of the 11th century, the Holy Land—the area now commonly referred to as the Middle East—had become a point of conflict for European Christians. Since the 6th century, Christians frequently made pilgrimages to the birthplace of their religion, but when the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem, Christians were barred from the Holy City. When the Turks then threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople, Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made a special appeal to Urban for help. This was not the first appeal of its kind, but it came at an important time for Urban. Wanting to reinforce the power of the papacy, Urban seized the opportunity to unite Christian Europe under him as he fought to take back the Holy Land from the Turks.
  • Urban delivered a rousing speech summoning rich and poor alike to stop their in-fighting and embark on a righteous war to help their fellow Christians in the East and take back Jerusalem. Urban denigrated the Muslims, exaggerating stories of their anti-Christian acts, and promised absolution and remission of sins for all who died in the service of Christ.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • European nobles were tempted by the prospect of increased land holdings and riches to be gained from the conquest. These nobles were responsible for the death of a great many innocents both on the way to and in the Holy Land, absorbing the riches and estates of those they conveniently deemed opponents to their cause. Adding to the death toll was the inexperience and lack of discipline of the Christian peasants against the trained, professional armies of the Muslims. As a result, the Christians were initially beaten back, and only through sheer force of numbers were they eventually able to triumph
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 07 Mar 12
       
      God Wills it  -- this was the call.  All who went on Crusade were to paint a RED cross on their shirt to show they were on a mission for GOD. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Mar 12
       
       So Jews, Christians and Muslims all "share" the holy land.  But the Muslim Turks closed the pilgrimage route and said they were going to attack their neighbors, so Byzantine Emperor asks for help and Pope URBAN II sees a way to gain more power.  And The crusades begin. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Mar 12
       
      Urban asks rich (Kings/Nobles) and poor (peasants) alike to travel and free the holy land. He did not tell the whole truth, but added a little to make it sound worse.  Then he promised "A FREE PASS TO HEAVEN" for all who go and destroy Muslims.  The words Absolution (forgiveness) and Remission (take away) all sins=your free pass. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Mar 12
       
      People did not just go to "Serve G-D" but to gain wealth and power.  Christians only win one time and then lose the next six Crusades, but the impact of these events changed history forever. 
    • Nicole G
      Nicole G on 10 Mar 13
       
      Pope Urban II died in 1099 that was two weeks after the fall of Jerusalem and The Christians won and made it back to the Europe. 
    • parker g
      parker g on 10 Mar 15
       
      Truuuu
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 10 Mar 15
       
      This is the key phrase: promised absolution and remission of sins for all who died in the service of Christ.  What does this mean? 
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 11 Mar 15
       
      It means that your sins will be forgiven.
    • David W
      David W on 08 Mar 16
       
      This is the beginning of all wars.
Emily J

The Seven Catholic Sacraments | Seasonal Feature | American Catholic - 2 views

www.americancatholic.org/...default.aspx

Sacraments Quest5 catholic

shared by Emily J on 07 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • The Latin word sacramentum means "a sign of the sacred." The seven sacraments are ceremonies that point to what is sacred, significant and important for Christians. They are special occasions for experiencing God's saving presence.
  • For Catholics, the Sacrament of Baptism is the first step in a lifelong journey of commitment and discipleship. Whether we are baptized as infants or adults, Baptism is the Church's way of celebrating and enacting the embrace of God
  • Catholics believe the Eucharist, or Communion, is both a sacrifice and a meal. We believe in the real presence of Jesus, who died for our sins. As we receive Christ's Body and Blood, we also are nourished spiritually and brought closer to God.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The Catholic Sacrament of Reconciliation (also known as Penance, or Penance and Reconciliation) has three elements: conversion, confession and celebration. In it we find God's unconditional forgiveness; as a result we are called to forgive others.
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 15 Feb 12
       
      The seven Sacraments are Baptism, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Confirmation,Marriage,Holy Orders, Anointing of the Sick. Great site for quest 5. 
  • Confirmation is a Catholic Sacrament of mature Christian commitment and a deepening of baptismal gifts. It is one of the three Sacraments of Initiation for Catholics. It is most often associated with the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
  • For Catholics, the Sacrament of Marriage, or Holy Matrimony, is a public sign that one gives oneself totally to this other person. It is also a public statement about God: the loving union of husband and wife speaks of family values and also God's values.
  • In the Sacrament of Holy Orders, or Ordination, the priest being ordained vows to lead other Catholics by bringing them the sacraments (especially the Eucharist), by proclaiming the Gospel, and by providing other means to holiness.
  • The Catholic Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, formerly known as Last Rites or Extreme Unction, is a ritual of healing appropriate not only for physical but also for mental and spiritual sickness.
dcs-armstrong

Holy Relics - Middle Ages for Kids - 2 views

medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/holyrelics.html

Quest6

shared by dcs-armstrong on 07 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • To make each cathedral and each little church in the land unique, each had its own holy relic. A holy relic is something that belonged to or was touched by Jesus or a saint. A treasured relic might be bone fragment or a tiny piece of the cross. 
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 27 Feb 12
       
      A holy relic is something that belonged to or was touched by Jesus or a saint. 
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 27 Feb 12
       
      good site for quest 6
    • Jaxson D
      Jaxson D on 22 Feb 16
       
      Thanks
    • Adams Kyle
      Adams Kyle on 29 Jan 19
       
      oof
  • A holy relic was something that had once belonged to or been touched by Jesus or one of the important Saints
Garth Holman

The Third Crusade - 2 views

www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-third-crusade.htm

Quest 8 Saladin King Richard Cursades

shared by Garth Holman on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Saladin a leader
  • ery devout in prayers and fasting, fiercely hostile toward unbelievers, and full of the pride of race.
  • kindliness and humanity not surpassed,
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • Third Crusade was caused by the capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt.
  • Saladin united the Moslems of Syria under his sway and then advanced against the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
  • rout of their army and the capture of their king.
  • Even the Holy Cross, which they had carried in the midst of the fight, became the spoil of the conqueror.
  • The cry for another crusade arose on all sides. Once more thousands of men sewed the cross in gold, or silk, or cloth upon their garments and set out for the Holy Land.
  • King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa assumed the cross,
  • King Richard I of England
  • Lion-hearted," in memory of his heroic exploits in Palestine
  • He raised money for the enterprise bythe persecution and robbery of the Jewsthe imposition of an unusual tax upon all classesthe sale of offices, dignities, and the royal lands
  • he would sell the city of London, if he could find a purchaser."
  • English and French kings finally mustered their forces beneath the walls of Acre, which city the Christians were then besieging.
  • knightly virtues
  • knightly adventures and chivalrous exploits
  • Richard was sick with a fever, Saladin, knowing that he was poorly supplied with delicacies, sent him a gift of the choicest fruits of the land. And on another occasion, Richard's horse having been killed in battle, the sultan caused a fine Arabian steed to be led to the Christian camp as a present for his rival.
  • , but could not capture Jerusalem.
  • King Richard and Saladin finally concluded a truce by the terms of which Christians were permitted to visit Jerusalem without paying tribute, that they should have free access to the holy places,
  • The king regained his liberty only by paying a ransom equivalent to more than twice the annual revenues of England.
mbonvenuto18

Pilgrimage - 0 views

www.medieval-life-and-times.info/...pilgrimage.htm

shared by mbonvenuto18 on 16 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • Definition of a Pilgrimage Definition of a Pilgrimage: A Pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place or shrine undertaken as a spiritual quest to obtain supernatural help or as a form of penance for sins. A pilgrim is one who undertakes a pilgrimage. The word 'pilgrimage' is derived from the Latin word peregrinus meaning foreignerand peregri meaning abroad translated as a traveller in foreign lands. The word 'peregrinatio' was used by Augustine of Hippo 354-430AD , who was considered to be the writer of some of greatest theological works of all time, to describe a Christian spiritual journey as a kind of estrangement and exile - a wanderer. The earliest surviving references to Christian pilgrimage date back to the 4th century.
  • The Concept of Pilgrimage Augustine of Hippo wrote about the concept of the pilgrimage and other religious leaders such as Saint Jerome also encouraged it in their religious writings. The idea or the concept of Pilgrimage was eagerly accepted by Medieval people from all walks of life, young or old, wealthy or poor. The concept of pilgrimage was and important religious belief in the Middle Ages both in terms of religious activity and as a way of Medieval life.
  • Soon it became common for Medieval people to make a pilgrimage closer to home visiting sites associated with Christian Saints and martyrs, holy relics and to places where there had been apparitions of the Virgin Mary. Pilgrimages were the first holidays enjoyed by Medieval people. Groups of Christians would set off together on a spiritual journey to visit a holy place or shrine where they would pray together.
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  • Pilgrimage - the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales was written c. 1390. It tells stories about a group pilgrims who had undertaken a pilgrimage to Canterbury. Each pilgrim had their own 'Canterbury Tale'. The route of the pilgrimage was along Watling Street and the Old Kent Road in London which led to the ancient "Pilgrim's way" from Rochester to Canterbury.
Garth Holman

HISTORY OF FEUDALISM - 0 views

www.historyworld.net/...plaintexthistories.asp

middle Ages Feudalism church spread

shared by Garth Holman on 30 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Garth Holman on 30 Jan 13
     
    "The top players in feudal Europe come from a small group of people - an aristocracy, based on skill in battle, with a shared commitment to a form of Christianity (at once power-hungry and idealistic) in which the pope in Rome has special powers as God's representative on earth. As a great feudal lord with moral pretensions, holding the ring between secular sovereigns, the pope can be seen as Europe's headmaster. Bishops and abbots are part of the small feudal aristocracy, for they are mostly recruited from the noble families holding the great fiefs. Indeed bishops can often be found on the battlefield, fighting it out with with the best. As in any other context, the strongest argument in feudalism - transcending the niceties of loyalty - is naked force. The Normans in England or in Sicily rule by right of conquest, and feudal disputes are regularly resolved in battle. But feudalism also provides many varieties of justification for force. And the possession of a good justification is almost as reassuring to a knight as a good suit of armour. One excellent excuse for warfare is the approval of the church. In 1059 the pope virtually commands the Normans to attack Sicily, by giving them feudal rights over territory not as yet theirs. Similarly Rome lets it be known that the Holy See is on the side of William when he invades England in 1066. Another important form of justification is a dynastic claim to a territory. Generations of marriages, carefully arranged for material gain, result in an immensely complex web of relationships - reflected often in kingdoms of very surprising shape on the map of Europe.
John Woodbridge

Why did people go on pilgrimages in the Middle Ages? | The Free Resource for Kids - 0 views

www.thefreeresource.com/pilgrimages-in-the-middle-ages

Quest 5 Religion

shared by John Woodbridge on 12 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • For most people, all that sustained them was a sense of hope and belief in a better world to come with salvation in Jesus Christ.
  • undertaking a long and arduous pilgrimage was a way for people to ask God to perform a miracle on their behalf
  • demonstrate their repentance for any sins they might have committed
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Going on a pilgrimage was also the only way a poor person could see some of the world
  • The masses often worshipped pagan idols and had many shrines and sacred places which were associated with those idols
  • Christian authorities either destroyed these sites or replaced them with Christian significance.
  • they sanctified the former places of idol worship and encouraged the common people to continue making pilgrimages to these places
  • Pilgrimage sites in Jerusalem, Nazareth and Bethlehem were important landmarks of places where significant events occurred in the Christian narrative. There were many holy places throughout Europe for those who could only make shorter pilgrimages.
  • Crusaders returning from the Holy Land brought back many relics that were placed in churches throughout Europe.
  • John Woodbridge on 12 Feb 13
     
    describes why people went on pilgrimages, where they went, and how the church promoted the idea of pilgrimage
John Woodbridge

The Knights Templar - Heroes of Europe - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

Quest 5 and 8

shared by John Woodbridge on 12 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • John Woodbridge on 12 Feb 13
     
    Tells about the purpose of the knights in protecting the pilgrims on their journey to the Holy Land
Livi E

Silk Road - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Silk_Road

shared by Livi E on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • refers to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world
  • Extending 4,000 miles (6,500 km), the Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade along it,
  • silk was certainly the major trade item from China, many other goods were traded, and various technologies, religions and philosophies, as well as the bubonic plague (the "Black Death"), also traveled along the Silk Routes. Some of the other goods traded included luxuries such as silk, satin, hemp and other fine fabrics, musk, other perfumes, spices, medicines, jewels, glassware, and even rhubarb, as well as slaves.[4] China traded silk, teas, and porcelain; while India traded spices, ivory, textiles, precious stones, and pepper; and the Roman Empire exported gold, silver, fine glassware, wine, carpets, and jewels.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1207 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk Road (via Karakorum). It also brought an end to the Islamic Caliphate's monopoly over world trade. Since the Mongol had dominated the trade routes, it allowed more trade to come in and out of the region. Merchandise that did not seem valuable to the Mongols was often seen as very valuable by the west. As a result, the Mongol received in return a large amount of luxurious goods from the West.
  • The 13th century also saw attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance, with exchange of ambassadors and (failed) attempts at military collaboration in the Holy Land during the later Crusades,
  • Some research studies indicate that the Black Death, which devastated Europe in the late 1340s, may have reached from Central Asia (or China) to Europe along the trade routes of the Mongol Empire.[28]
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 04 Apr 12
       
      Great site for quest 10 . Lots of information.
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 04 Apr 12
       
      Has lots of information . Great site for quest 10 .  China trade silk and teas and porcelain. 
    • Livi E
      Livi E on 04 Apr 12
       
      this paragraph says a lot of the answers for question 3
Shira H

The First Crusade - 1 views

www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-first-crusade.htm

shared by Shira H on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 13 Mar 12
       
      has information for quest 8 and has a lot of information on the 1st and 3rd crusade. 
  • waiting for the main body of nobles, which was to assemble at Constantinople in the summer of 1096  a horde of poor men, women, and children set out, unorganized and almost unarmed, on the road to the Holy Land.
  • Without waiting for the main body of nobles, which was to assemble at Constantinople in the summer of 1096  a horde of poor men, women, and children set out, unorganized and almost unarmed, on the road to the Holy Land.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • This was called the Peoples Crusade, it is also referred to as the Peasants Crusade. Dividing command of the mixed multitudes with a poor knight, called Walter the Penniless, and followed by a throng of about 80,000 persons, among whom were many women and children, Peter the Hermit set out for Constantinople leading the Peoples Crusade
  • The Peoples Crusade was badly organised - most of the people were unarmed and lacked the command and discipline of the military crusaders. The Byzantium emperor Alexius I sent his ragged allies as quickly as possible to Asia Minor, where most of them were slaughtered by the Turks.
  • Peoples Crusade were slaughtered. Peter the Hermit did survive and eventually led the Crusaders in a procession around the walls of Jerusalem just before the city was taken.
  • a book about her father and the crusaders called the Alexiad which provides historical details about the first crusaders
  • The daughter of Alexius, called Anna Comnena wrote
  • Those crusaders who crossed the Bosphorus were surprised by the Turks
  • Peoples Crusade fell in battle with the natives of the countries through which they marched, and thousands more perished miserably of hunger and exposure.
jashapiro j

Timeline for the Crusades and Christian Holy War - 0 views

usna.edu/...crusades_timeline.htm

shared by jashapiro j on 06 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • The crusades were a series of holy wars called by popes with the promise of indulgences for those who fought in them and directed against external and internal enemies of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property or in defense of the Church or Christian people. 
  • crusading was an act of Christian love and piety that compensated for and paid the penalties earned by sin. 
  • crusades were fought not only in Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, but in Spain, the Baltic (Latvia and Prussia), Italy, Sicily, and southern France. 
  • Garth Holman on 06 Mar 14
     
    Higher level reading, but lots of details.
mukul g

Middle Ages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/Middle_Ages

Medieval history

shared by mukul g on 13 Dec 11 - Cached
    • Aden S
      Aden S on 13 Dec 11
       
      The fall of Rome
  • During the High Middle Ages (c. 1000–1300), Christian-oriented art and architecture flourished and Crusades were mounted to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. The influence of the emerging nation-state was tempered by the ideal of an international Christendom. The codes of chivalry and courtly love set rules for proper behavior, while the Scholastic philosophers attempted to reconcile faith and reason.
  • In the Early Middle Ages the trends of the Late Antiquity (depopulation, deurbanization, and increased barbarian invasion) continued. North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the Eastern Roman Empire, became Islamic. Later in the period, the establishment of the feudal system allowed a move away from subsistence agriculture. There was sustained urbanization in Northern and Western Europe.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The Middle Ages (adjectival form: medieval, mediaeval or mediæval) is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern. The term "Middle Ages" first appears in Latin in the 15th century and reflects the view that this period was a deviation from the path of classical learning, a path that was later reconnected by Renaissance scholarship.
  • Outstanding achievement in this period includes the Code of Justinian, the mathematics of Fibonacci and Oresme, the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres.
  • The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analyzing European history: classical civilization (or Antiquity), the Middle Ages, and the modern period.[1] It is "Middle" in the sense of being between the two other periods in time, ancient times and modern times.
Garth Holman

The Significance of Jerusalem in Judaism - Israel & Judaism Studies (IJS) - 1 views

www.ijs.org.au/icance-of-jerusalem-in-judaism

Jerusalem Jews Temple

shared by Garth Holman on 20 Feb 19 - No Cached
  • The Old City of Jerusalem has within its walls holy places central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. These include the Western Wall, built by King Solomon in the tenth century BCE as a retaining wall to support the Temple Mount; the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, commenced in the fourth century CE under the Emperor Constantine; and the Dome of the Rock and the Al Aqsa Mosque, built after the conquest of Jerusalem by the Caliph Omar in the seventh century. The proximity of these sites reflects the close historical and doctrinal relationship between the three monotheistic religions.
  • Jews have lived in the land of Israel for nearly 4,000 years, going back to the period of the biblical patriarchs (c.1900 BCE). The story of the Jewish people, Israel, its capital, Jerusalem, and the Jewish Temple there, has been one of exile, destruction and rebirth. In its 4,000 years of history Jerusalem has been destroyed many times and many times reborn. There has always remained a Jewish presence in the land of Israel and in Jerusalem, and the Jewish people as a whole always dreamed of returning to and rebuilding it, a longing reflected in the concluding words of Israel’s national anthem, ‘Ha Tikvah’ (‘The Hope’):
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Feb 19
       
      So why Jerusalem for Jews?
alove_

The Third Crusade - 7 views

www.lordsandladies.org/the-third-crusade.htm

third crusade middle ages king richard the lion heart saladin

shared by alove_ on 06 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • He raised money for the enterprise bythe persecution and robbery of the Jewsthe imposition of an unusual tax upon all classesthe sale of offices, dignities, and the royal lands
  • The knightly adventures and chivalrous exploits which mark the career of Richard in the Holy Land read like a romance.
  • At one time, when Richard was sick with a fever, Saladin, knowing that he was poorly supplied with delicacies, sent him a gift of the choicest fruits of the land.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • And on another occasion, Richard's horse having been killed in battle, the sultan caused a fine Arabian steed to be led to the Christian camp as a present for his rival.
  • King Richard on his return from the Holy Land was shipwrecked off the coast of the Adriatic. Attempting to travel through Austria in disguise, he was captured by the duke of Austria, whom he had offended at the siege of Acre. The king regained his liberty only by paying a ransom equivalent to more than twice the annual revenues of England.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 16 Mar 15
       
      Twice the annual revenues to buy the Kings freedom!  This is going to cause some serious problems back home in England. 
  • Moslem
  • Mohammedan
  • sultan
  • Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
  • rout
  • spoil
Garth Holman

Inside a Medieval Castle - 1 views

www.medievalfayre.com/index.php

castle middleages quest4 quest7

shared by Garth Holman on 05 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • The rooms where the lord of a castle, his family and his knights lived and ate and slept were in the Keep (called the Donjon), the rectangular tower inside the walls of a castle. This was meant to be the strongest and safest place.
  • The outer wall of a castle was called Bailey. This was where buildings for the castle's cattle, horses and servants lived. Some of the soldiers needed to defend the castle might live in part of the gatehouse known as the Barbican.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 05 Feb 13
       
      What is a siege? 
    • mluxenburg m
      mluxenburg m on 12 Feb 14
       
      A Siege is an Attack on a castle.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • There were kitchens and pantries where food was stored for everyday preparation. The Great Hall and the bedchambers were there too.
  • The Great Hall
  • The Bedchamber
  • Kitchen
  • A wealthy knight, his family and guests ate well. Unlike most people, they had plenty of meat like deer, goose and rabbit. On Fridays and Holy Days meat was forbidden by the church, so they ate fish or eels. If there was a special feast, the people working in the kitchens would prepare wild boar, roast swan, or even roast peacock, served with all its feathers as decoration. Some of these would be caught by the lord of the castle and his friends while out hunting with their hawks.
  • Many castles had stone toilets built over holes in the outer walls. These emptied into a pit way below.
  • Medieval castles did not have running water, yet people did like to bathe at least once a year. In some castles there was a room next to the kitchen where they bathed in groups. The lord might have hot water brought to his bedchamber and poured into a big wooden tub, where he sat on a low stool in. The water might have perfume or rose leaves sprinkled in it. Soap was made of sheep fat with ashes and soda. Teeth were cleaned by scraping them with a hazel twig and rubbing them with a woollen cloth.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 05 Feb 13
       
      SEE NEXT PAGE FOR OUTSIDE OF THE CASTLE. 
Garth Holman

Pope recognizes Knights Templar - History.com This Day in History - 1/13/1128 - 0 views

www.history.com/...ope-recognizes-knights-templar

pope knights Templar Crusades

shared by Garth Holman on 13 Jan 13 - Cached
  • On this day in 1128, Pope Honorius II grants a papal sanction to the military order known as the Knights Templar, declaring it to be an army of God. 
  • the Knights Templar organization was founded in 1118. Its self-imposed mission was to protect Christian pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land during the Crusades, the series of military expeditions aimed at defeating Muslims in Palestine. The Templars took their name from the location of their headquarters, at Jerusalem's Temple Mount. For a while, the Templars had only nine members, mostly due to their rigid rules. In addition to having noble birth, the knights were required to take strict vows of poverty, obedience and chastity. In 1127, new promotional efforts convinced many more noblemen to join the order, gradually increasing its size and influence.
  • While the individual knights were not allowed to own property, there was no such restriction on the organization as a whole, and over the years many rich Christians gave gifts of land and other valuables to support the Knights Templar. By the time the Crusades ended unsuccessfully in the early 14th century, the order had grown extremely wealthy, provoking the jealousy of both religious and secular powers. In 1307, King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement V combined to take down the Knights Templar, arresting the grand master, Jacques de Molay, on charges of heresy, sacrilege and Satanism. Under torture, Molay and other leading Templars confessed and were eventually burned at the stake. Clement dissolved the Templars in 1312, assigning their property and monetary assets to a rival order, the Knights Hospitalers. In fact, though, Philip and his English counterpart, King Edward II, claimed most of the wealth after banning the organization from their respective countries.          
cglosser c

Spanish Inquisition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Spanish_Inquisition

shared by cglosser c on 02 May 12 - Cached
  • The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 05 May 14
       
      These rulers hired people from the church to kill of those accused of heretics.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 05 May 14
       
      These are events that made the Spanish Inquisition possible.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The Inquisition was extremely active between 1480 and 1530. Different sources give different estimates of the number of trials and executions in this period; Henry Kamen estimates about 2,000 executed, based on the documentation of the autos-da-fé, the great majority being conversos of Jewish origin. He offers striking statistics: 91.6% of those judged in Valencia between 1484 and 1530 and 99.3% of those judged in Barcelona between 1484 and 1505 were of Jewish origin.[12] "In 1498 the pope was still trying to...gain acceptance for his own attitude towards the New Christians, which was generally more moderate than that of the Inquisition and the local rulers."
  • Alonso de Hojeda, a Dominican friar from Seville, convinced Queen Isabella of the existence of Crypto-Judaism among Andalusian conversos during her stay in Seville between 1477 and 1478.[7] A report, produced by Pedro González de Mendoza, Archbishop of Seville, and by the Segovian Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, corroborated this assertion
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 05 May 14
       
      The churches all over Europe Started killing people
  • dana k on 02 May 12
     
    This is about the Spanish Inquisition. What it is, and who was involved in it. 
  • ...2 more comments...
  • Nicole G on 30 Apr 13
     
    The King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Killed many of heretics. Heretics had to make a choices. 
  • Bryce W on 30 Apr 13
     
    This is a website that I found on the Spanish Inquisition.
  • Lakala S on 01 May 13
     
    Info on the spanish inquisition
  • cglosser c on 05 May 14
     
    This is a Wikipedia article on the Spanish Inquisition.
Garth Holman

The Medieval Church - 3 views

www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval_church.htm

Quest5 religion medieval church

shared by Garth Holman on 13 Feb 12 - Cached
  • From the very earliest of ages, the people were taught that the only way they could get to Heaven was if the Roman Catholic Church let them. Everybody would have been terrified of Hell and the people would have been told of the sheer horrors awaiting for them in Hell in the weekly services they attended.
  • The control the Church had over the people was total. Peasants worked for free on Church land. This proved difficult for peasants as the time they spent working on Church land, could have been better spent working on their own plots of land producing food for their families.
  • They paid 10% of what they earned in a year to the Church (this tax was called tithes). Tithes could be paid in either money or in goods produced by the peasant farmers. As peasants had little money, they almost always had to pay in seeds, harvested grain, animals etc. This usually caused a peasant a lot of hardship as seeds, for example, would be needed to feed a family the following year.
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  • What the Church got in tithes was kept in huge tithe barns; a lot of the stored grain would have been eaten  by rats or poisoned by their urine.
  • A failure to pay tithes, so the peasants were told by the Church, would lead to their souls going to Hell after they had died. 
  • People were too scared not to pay tithes despite the difficulties it meant for them.
  • You also had to pay for baptisms (if you were not baptised you could not go to Heaven when you died), marriages (there were no couples living together in Medieval times as the Church taught that this equaled sin) and burials - you had to be buried on holy land if your soul was to get to heaven. Whichever way you looked, the Church received money.
  • The Church also did not have to pay taxes.
  • Important cities would have cathedrals in them.
  • To work on the building of a cathedral was a great honour. Those who did the skilled work had to belong to a guild. They would have used just the most basic of tools and less than strong scaffolding to do the ceilings. However, if you were killed in an accident while working in a cathedral or a church, you were guaranteed a place in Heaven - or so the workers were told.
  • Their sheer size meant that people would see them from miles around, and remind them of the huge power of the Catholic Church in Medieval England.
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 14 Feb 12
       
      Great site for quest 5
  • Yuke Z on 13 Feb 12
     
    Medieval Church
Shira H

THE HOLY CRUSADES Monty Python's Terry Jones (Part 1) - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

shared by Shira H on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 13 Mar 12
       
      Great video for quest 8 
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