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Healthcare fraud and abuse: Healthcare fraud and abuse are different but related kinds of malpractice. They affect everyone concerned: the patient, the healthcare unit, the healthcare sector, and eventually, the economy. Healthcare fraud and abuse are serious malpractices that can have very grave consequences for the patient, the hospital and the healthcare sector. They can also cost taxpayers heavy amounts of money. Healthcare fraud: There is some distinction between healthcare fraud and healthcare abuse. Healthcare fraud is said to happen, according to medicare.gov, when Medicare gets billed for a service or supply the end user never gets. These fraudulent claims result in loss of billions of dollars of revenue to Medicare each year. Healthcare fraud could be said to happen when: False statements are submitted knowingly or facts are misrepresented with the purpose of obtaining a federal health care payment for claims for which the person is not entitled A person knowingly solicits, pays, or/and accepts a payment with the intention of inducing or rewarding referrals for services or items that any of the federal healthcare programs reimburse Eligibility is falsified Prohibited referrals are made for select, designated health services Healthcare abuse: Although related, healthcare fraud and abuse are not totally similar to each other in spirit. A healthcare abuse can be when physicians do not comply with or bypass established good medical practices or administer treatments that are not necessary. This is less serious than fraud in terms of intent, but carries the same consequences: loss of billions of dollars to the exchequer and potential damage the patient's health and the physician's and/or healthcare provider's reputation. Some examples of healthcare abuse These are some of the examples of healthcare abuse: When services that are not medically warranted are performed and charged for When services and/or supplies are charged in excess of their actual value

Overview: Health care practitioners and other licensed professionals work in today's diverse, fast-changing, multidisciplinary environment. All licensed professions have higher rates of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and mental health issues. Yet each individual profession has a unique, though similar, state laws which govern how state licensing agencies take action against the professional so as to protect the public. The state's authority and power over licensed professionals often presents challenges to the impaired practitioner that are not easy to navigate. All licensed professionals must adhere to standards of state law which govern their professional practices and include prohibitions for impaired practice - even impairment along that is apart from any direct professional harm. Complaints that are received and investigated by a state agency leave the licensed professional with an uncertain process to handle the state action against them. Coupled with numerous related consequences, such as loss of employment, family issues and divorce, and criminal actions, the licensed professional must handle all these challenges successfully. Learn to identify and understand varying state laws that apply to allow disciplinary action against the licensed professional, both immediately and temporarily, and those which are permanent and final. Review the most common successful elements of the rehabilitation of the licensed professional faced with the deadly consequences of addiction. Compare and contrast regulatory laws and due process requirements for state action. This allows the licensed professional to avoid career-ending sanctions and to defend successfully against legal actions which may result in ruinous practice and career consequences for the professional. This program offers an objective, thorough review of laws which apply to the impaired licensed professional. Why should you attend: Health care practitioners are faced with a higher lifetime risk of drug abuse,

Basics of the Anti-Kickback Statute : The Anti-Kickback Statute is aimed at curbing abuse and fraud in the Medicare and Medicaid systems by professionals who offer services and benefit in direct or indirect ways. In order to protect Medicare and Medicaid patients, as well as federal health care programs from abuse and fraud; the Anti-Kickback Statute was enacted. The core act that the Anti-Kickback Statute considered as fraud and abuse is the unlawful acceptance or diversion of money into influencing medical decision-making. The Anti-Kickback Statute is very clear on this. It states that anyone in the healthcare industry, who consciously and deliberately accepts a fee or remuneration of any kind or offers the same with the intention of manipulating the course of a medical decision-making, is liable to punishment. What acts attract penalties? Acts of various kinds attract penalties under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Some of these include: Carrying out advertising or marketing activities for promoting the brand of health care providers Participating in affiliate programs or pay per click commissions Working out promotion agreements with multiple companies Taking part in sponsorships Working out strategic alliances with healthcare providers Licensing content or technology Selling a healthcare provider's brands of products or services Taking a cut in the advertising revenue The nature of penalties under the Anti-Kickback Statute The Anti-Kickback Statute states major penalties for acts it prohibits. The Anti-Kickback Statute prescribes these major penalties: Up to five years in prison This has the potential to attract additional monetary fines of up to $25,000 Administrative civil money penalties that can go up to $50,000 In addition, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) could initiate administrative proceedings and take steps aimed at prohibiting anyone convicted of an Anti-Kickback violation from participating in State and federal programs. The OIG could also impose

Opioids agonist drugs are a group of powerful and widely used drugs that alleviate the pain of moderate to severe chronic pain by reducing the impact of narcotic receptors in the brain. These include both codeine and hydrocodone, the most common opioids. Although they relieve pain, they have serious side effects that include drowsiness, respiratory depression, dizziness, nausea, and sweating. These drugs are very powerful, so overdoses are common, and death from them is even more common. This group of drugs has received heavy criticism from both patients and doctors alike for the risks involved in using them. The opioid antagonist hydrocodone works by blocking the opioid receptors in the body. Codeine is the only opioid that does this in a pure form. Because hydrocodone blocks the opioid receptors in the brain, it becomes less available to people who take it. This opioid group is popular among heroin abusers, since heroin creates a euphoric state that cannot be reproduced with hydrocodone. For this reason, heroin abusers frequently turn to other forms of treatment, such as prescription medications and methadone. Other opioids agonist drugs in this group include oxycodone, hydromorphone (Percoset), hydromorphone hydrochloride (hydrocodone), and methadone. Taking them is not without dangers though. Oxycodone has caused at least five deaths and several dozen hospital admissions in the US since 1999. In extremely rare cases, people have died of overdosing on hydrocodone. Heroin abusers also regularly take this drug, since it can suppress their desire for heroin. Read more @ https://coherentmarketinsights-cmi.blogspot.com/2021/02/emergence-of-covid-19-and-increasing.html

Overview: Become knowledgeable and understand the False Claims Act, Anti-Kickback Statute, Physician Self-Referral Law, Excluded Individuals and additional criminal/civil laws that may worsen the punishment if these laws are violated. Understand the criteria of each law, exceptions and how to identify an issue that requires mitigation. Why should you Attend: Are you able to distinguish with certainty an agreement, contract or activity that is permissible versus one that is not under our current healthcare laws and regulations? Do you have a contract organization system where reviews are done regularly and retained centrally? Do you conduct auditing and monitoring of potential high risk compliance areas related to fraud, waste and abuse? If you are uncertain or need additional guidance on recognizing potential violations of healthcare fraud, waste and abuse regulations and how to audit and monitor for non-compliance, this training is for you. Areas Covered in the Session: Define and describe elements of the Anti-kickback Statute, False Claims Act, Exclusionary Rule, Physician Self-Referral Law and potential penalties for violations Discuss exceptions and related criteria to the Physician Self-Referral Law and the Anti-Kickback Statute Identify common potential issues that may result in violations and how to avoid or mitigate them Provide examples on how to comply with the regulations Describe areas to audit, monitor and implement policies/procedures for compliance Who Will Benefit: Health care providers Revenue cycle management employees Coders, Billers Compliance officers Contract management Compliance and Internal Audit professionals Healthcare administrators Speaker Profile Gail Madison Brown is a registered nurse and an attorney with over 25 years of experience in health care. For the last 15 years she has focused on health care compliance and revenue cycle management operations. Gail's experience ranges from starting new compliance programs and making impr

The increasing awareness regarding the ill effects of drug abuse along with the increased stringency of regulations to prohibit drug abuse is expected fuel the innovations and market growth.

Overview: This webinar will focus on the major fraud and abuse laws, including the Stark Law, the Anti-Kickback Statute, and the False Claims Act. In this webinar Mr. Wolfe will provide an overview of the health care regulatory issues related to implementing value-based physician compensation models. Why should you Attend: Given the substantial awards and settlements in recent Stark Law enforcement actions, Stark Law compliance has become more than just a compliance issue: it is an enterprise risk management issue. As medical groups, hospitals, and health systems transition to value-based physician compensation arrangements, they will need to make sure their arrangements continue to be compliant with the Stark Law. Areas Covered in the Session: Provide a general overview of the Stark Law, Anti-Kickback Statute and the False Claims Act. Explain the requirements for compliance with key regulatory exceptions and safe harbors. Compensation and valuation issues unique to the group practice model Discuss best practices when implementing value-based physician compensation models. Summarize the recent changes to the Stark Law for 2016. Who Will Benefit: In-House Counsel Health Care Compliance Officers Health Care Human Resources Health Care CFOs Health Care executives Speaker Profile Joseph Wolfe is an attorney with Hall, Render, Killian, Heath & Lyman, P.C., the largest health care focused law firm in the country. Mr. Wolfe provides advice and counsel to some of the nation's largest health systems, hospitals and medical groups on a variety of health care issues. He regularly counsels clients on a national basis regarding compliance-focused physician compensation and alignment strategies. He is a frequent speaker on issues related to the physician self-referral statute (Stark Law), hospital-physician transactions, physician compensation governance and health care valuation issues. Before attending law school at the University of Wisconsin, he served as a combat engi

Overview: Remember spaghetti code? The HIPAA breach area is now almost as convoluted and overlapping and confusing as spaghetti code. Sometimes you think you are both coming and going at the same time when you think through an event to determine if your organization has had a breach. For example: Is a security incident always a beach? Is an ePHI breach a security incident as well? Is a cybersecurity event always a breach? What if it does not steal any clinical information, diagnoses or procedures information, or any payment information? A security incident? Or both? Are all the necessary kinds of notice in the Breach rule? What is Cybersecurity Insurance? Is it really the finger in the dike or itself full of Swiss cheese? Can the loss of patient or member data be a HIPAA breach and identity theft plus a fraud issue? Why should you Attend: HIPAA breaches now number in the multiple thousands, if not multiple millions. Your organization needs to be prepared for the initial sense of panic, a complete investigation, and the federal, state and reputational costs of a mega breach. A breach now costs in money approximately $225/record. And this does not include any fine of any type. The loss and theft of 1000 records may cost you organization from a quarter to $1 M, or more, and 6 months to a year to resolve. You need to know the basics of what PHI and ePHI really are; what puts the event into the breach safe harbor, what breach exceptions keeps the event out of OCR's hands, what the 4 factors are and how they are used. You need to know that your organization's breach plan and your policies and procedures include the need to notify when necessary the police, the FBI and other state and federal organizations beyond the Office for Civil Rights. Your organization needs to know how to protect itself after the fact by considering Cybersecurity Insurance. Areas Covered in the Session: Definition and reporting of a Security Incident Definition of a breach Breach Guidance Br

Setting up a compliance program in healthcare: Organizations that set up a compliance program in healthcare should go by many voluntary regulations from the OIG, apart from those mandated by HIPAA. Setting up a compliance program in healthcare is about being compliant with standards. This entails having to be compliant with several standards, which cover a wide variety of areas. There are several voluntary and mandatory guidelines from the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), apart from standards from HIPAA. Setting up a compliance program in healthcare meeting HIPAA requirements is set out and mandated by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Guidelines from the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) The series of compliance program guidance documents from the OIG are largely voluntary, and are meant for the different sections of the health care industry. These include Hospitals Nursing homes Third-party billers, and Durable medical equipment suppliers. These guidelines are issued with the intention of motivating healthcare units to develop and use their own internal controls aimed at helping them adhere to regulations, program requirements and statutes. The OIG issues documents, which act as guidelines for setting up a compliance program in healthcare by providing principles. These need to be adapted when healthcare organizations have to develop their own compliance program that is in tune with their best interests and needs. Another major aim is served in the implementation of these guidelines for setting up a compliance program in healthcare: They help healthcare units to understand the nature of fraud and other risks associated with abuse, when they are setting up a compliance program for their healthcare unit. HIPAA requirements Setting up a compliance program in healthcare while being compliant with HIPAA regulationsrequires a healthcare organization to put in place measures that ensure that health records must: Be confident

The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was legislated in 1996 with the primary aim of ensuring that employees who are in the process of changing or leaving their jobs do not lose their health insurance benefits. Additionally, HIPAA sought to bring down health care fraud and abuse by mandating pan-industry standards for the protection of health care information and automated billing and other related processes, and for ensuring the security of Protected Health Information (PHI). What is a HIPAA Security Audit? A HIPAA Security Audit is a program under the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Audit Program of the Office of Civil Rights (OCR). A HIPAA Security Audit is carried out to make sure that the policies, processes and controls on the part of Covered Entities comply with the provisions of the HITECH Act of 2009. Adherence to the requirements laid out by HITECH is mandatory. Given the high degree of continued use of new technologies that go into and will continue to go into electronic records of patients and the criticality of the data contained in them; the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recognizes that there could be chances of data breach of Protected Health Information. It is to prevent the occurrence of these breaches that a HIPAA Security Audit is mandated by the HITECH Act. Reporting of data breaches is mandatory The foremost highlight of the HITECH Act is the requirement that Entities covered by HIPAA report data breaches that affect 500 or more employees to the HHS. The OCR lays out an Audit Protocol, with whose policies, protocols and processes a facility has to comply if it is said to be compliant with the HIPAA Security Audit. Why is it necessary to carry out a HIPAA/HITECH Security Audit? Compliance with HIPAA Security Audit is necessary to demonstrate that a practice or business is well protected. The most important reason for which such entities need to be HIPAA/HITECH Security

Overview: This seminar will provide an introduction to health care fraud and abuse and the laws and regulations that the government uses in its enforcement efforts. It will discuss the potential risks, the exposure of organizations, and the likelihood of increased enforcement efforts in the future.

Overview: You need to attend in order to control your own destiny. Get involved up front instead of being a "sitting duck". More Audits are coming and government & private payers are increasing their budgets for increased audit activity around the health care provider industry. The Department of Justice is zeroing in on providers who are aberrant. Private insurance special investigations units are also gearing up and local prosecutors who are hungering for these types of prosecutions are all part of building machinery to eliminate fraud and abuse in the nation's health care system. The concern about the audit/investigative machine that has been developed should create horrendous concern for the health care provider community, because these entities will have to come up with results. Don't become one for their "results". Areas Covered in the Session: Overview of audit risks 14 Strategies to tackling auditors: i.e. Appoint Audit Manager Appoint Audit Committee Proactively seek out info from audit visitors Respond quickly to audit visitor requests Identify On Site control person Provide strong support for onsite control person Onsite control person must be close to the visitors Audit committee to meet daily with visitors Respond quickly to early findings Request feedback from visitors Request Exit conference Carefully review preliminary findings Respond to final report Correct problem findings Who Will Benefit: Health Care Professionals Health Service Providers Compliance Officers CEO's Corporate Attorneys Speaker Profile Joseph R. Batte is president of Kristall Associates, a compliance, and risk assessment specialist for the health care provider community as well as the litigation support community. He is a former special agent with the US Office of Inspector General and participated in the development of that Departments compliance guidance's. He is a nationally known speaker on compliance and has authored the book "Doctors are from Jupiter, Compliance is from

Overview:   We will review the various elements of the physician employment agreement, focusing on the pitfalls and the problems that can develop when the agreement does not clearly define the relationship, and/or when the parties do not fully understand what is being agreed to. Such items as term and termination, termination for cause, duties of the physician, call, non-compete, and compensation are all items that should be clearly set out in the agreement and fully understood by the parties. Why should you attend: Formal written contracts establish the legal relationship between the parties; they state the terms and conditions of that relationship and the rights and obligations of each party. They confirm the intentions and relationships of the parties as they enter into this relationship, and they eliminate uncertainties regarding mutual rights, obligations, and relationships. If everything remained as it is at the time the agreement is signed, there would be little need for formal documents. However, the agreement serves to protect against future disputes. Therefore, it should include as precise language as possible. Ambiguous terms in agreements are of little effect when disputes occur over the meaning of a party's rights or obligations. You should attend to gain an understanding of what should and what should not be in a physician employment agreement. Areas Covered in the Session: Corporate practice of medicine Term and termination Termination for Cause Severance pay Provision allowing physician to terminate for cause Severance pay Duties of the physician Standards for the provision of professional services Referral to hospital Continuing medical education Who Will Benefit: Physicians Healthcare executives Physician practice managers Speaker Profile William Mack Copeland MS, JD, PhD, LFACHE, practices health care law in Cincinnati at the firm of Copeland Law, LLC. He is also president of Executive & Managerial Development Group, a consu

What is Depression? Every individual experiences feelings of worthlessness, sadness, and negativity. It is when these feelings spiral out of control and consume the individual to an extent that his/her normal life is disrupted, that depression arises. Depression is a serious medical condition and can significantly weaken the individual both physically and mentally. What are the causes and risk factors of depression? In medical terms, depression is due to a decreased amount of certain chemicals in the brain. Depression has a genetic basis, i.e. depression may run in family. It can also be triggered by an event such as the loss of a loved one, losing a job, etc. There are some hormonal problems like decreased thyroid levels that can also lead to depression. Depression can also follow after the diagnosis of a serious illness and leads to impaired treatment of the disease. It is accompanied by the feeling of not getting well and hence ignoring the medication and the other activities that have been advised by the doctor. Risk factors Traumatic past, abuse, neglect Loss of a loved one Serious medical conditions like Parkinson's disease, etc. Also Read: How to Prevent Depression in Elderly What are the symptoms of depression? Persisting feeling of sadness, anxiety Low self-esteem Feeling worthless Pessimistic mindset Decreased appetite Difficulty in sleeping Oversleeping Inability to concentrate Talking, walking slowly Constantly feeling tired Loss of interest in activities that were previously enjoyable Decreased sexual desire Weight loss Headache Abdominal cramps Having ideas about death, contemplating suicide What are the investigations for depression? As such there are no investigations for depression. If the symptoms listed above continue for more than two weeks, the person is diagnosed with depression. Investigations advised by the doctor can be - Thyroid function tests Cortisol levels in the blood What is the treatment of depression? The treatment is both

Tissue Transplantation products and services are getting widely used in the healthcare sectors worldwide. The term Tissue Transplant refers to the process of adding new tissues to the body that is broken down and replaced by other organs or tissues. It is a major breakthrough in organ transplantation and is used more frequently. Tissue Transplantation is the practice of harvesting and replacing human organs such as kidneys, liver, heart valves, lungs, and bones with other healthy tissues from other people. Tissue Transplantation has given hope to many patients who have had to have a hip replaced or a kidney removed because of disease or illness. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of people who are now choosing to donate their organs and tissues to medical research and treatment centers. More people are now aware of the need for organ donations and more people are now looking to give back to society than ever before. The demand for organ and tissue transplantation is increasing every day. Unhealthy food habits lack of exercise, drug abuse, and alcohol consumption results in organ failure, owing to which the demand for the Tissue Transplantation products and services market is estimated to rise. Increasing events of acute diseases are also estimated to aid the growth of the market. For instance, high blood pressure and diabetes are the main causes of end-stage renal diseases where kidney dialysis or transplant are the only options to save the patients. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, in 2019, there were approximately 122,913 patients in U.S. who needed urgent tissue transplants. Hence the increasing demand for advanced transplantation products is estimated to drive the market growth. Read more @ https://coherentmarketinsights-blog.blogspot.com/2021/01/the-global-tissue-transplantation.html

Forensic pathology is the application of clinical medical jurisprudence in forensic medicine. A forensic pathology specialist is a physician who has completed a residency in molecular biology, pathology, and related disciplines and has then specialized in forensic pathology as a post-graduate program. The standards for being a "fully certified" forensic pathology specialist vary from state to state. There are also national accreditation programs that offer associates or bachelor's degrees for forensic pathology specialists. Forensic pathology can be applied to a wide range of situations, such as drug and alcohol abuse, homicide and other crimes, sexual assault, and sexual motivation. Forensic pathology specialists can analyze tissue samples to examine for disease, and they use various methods to determine the cause of death, cause of trauma, etc. For instance, gas chromatography is used in the forensic pathology for analyzing fibers on the body. Moreover it also used to analyze blood found at a crime scene. There are many types of forensic pathology, and each type involves different techniques and terminology. Some examples include: pathology of blood and other bodily fluids; pathology of sexually transmitted diseases; pathology of trauma; pathology of forensic genitourinary and obstetric disorders; pathology of traumatic and infectious diseases; pathology of unidentified remains. Read More @ https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/preview/9197580861156902959/6381348933167984177

Overview: Upon completing this course participants will leave with a preliminary preventive control implementation plan and will: * Understand US FDA final rules for the Preventive Controls for Human and Animal Foods * Define and review your current system to identify gaps in your preventive controls planning. * Be able to develop and implement a valid preventive control company food safety plan to close any gaps * Write and implement appropriate procedures. * Know your requirements for control over your supply chain * Be able to plan and implement HARPC * Be able to perform environmental monitoring * Know how cross contamination can impact your preventive control plan * Know the difference between validation and verification * Understand and be able to use statistical process controls basics * Be able to plan and implement a team approach to preventive controls * Be able to help your food importers to jump through FDA hoops * Develop a system to risk rank your suppliers * Have a plan in hand that will pass any validation check for preventive controls * Understand some of the technology and costs that can help you establish preventive controls * Prove that your system actually prevents food safety problems * Be able to document and report results to upper management, external food safety auditors and FDA auditors * Save your company money Establish simple, low cost complete data collection and reporting systems. * Establish teambuilding between food safety and quality personnel to develop and implement changes to your current system * Understand food safety, security and recall responsibilities in light of cargo theft, adulteration and temperature failures * Learn how to use your system to get some ROI and improve your marketing position * Review current and future technologies designed to improve and simplify data collection * Establish a completely documented system Why should you attend: Validation of preventive co

2-day In-person Seminar Applied Statistics, with Emphasis on Risk Management in R&D, QA/QC, and Manufacturing Overview: The 2-day seminar explains how to apply statistics to manage risk in R&D, QA/QC, and Manufacturing, with examples derived mainly from the medical device design/manufacturing industry. The flow of topics over the 2 days is as follows: ISO standards and FDA/MDD regulations regarding the use of statistics. Basic vocabulary and concepts. Statistical Process Control Statistical methods for Design Verification Statistical methods for Product/Process Qualification Metrology: the statistical analysis of measurement uncertainty, and how it is used to establish QC specifications How to craft "statistically valid conclusion statements" (e.g., for reports) Summary, from a risk management perspective Agenda Day One Lecture 1: Regulatory Requirements Lecture 2: Vocabulary and Concepts Lecture 3: Confidence Intervals (attribute and variables data) Lecture 4: Normality Tests and Normality Transformations Lecture 5: Statistical Process Control (with focus on XbarR charts) Lecture 6: Confidence/Reliability calculations for Proportions Lecture 7: Confidence/Reliability calculations for Normally distributed data (K-tables) Lecture 8: Process Capability Indices calculations(Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk) Day Two Lecture 1: Confidence/Reliability calculations using Reliability Plotting (e.g., for non-normal data and/or censored studies) Lecture 2: Confidence/Reliability calculations for MTTF and MTBF (this typically applies only to electronic equipment) Lecture 3: Statistical Significance: t-Tests and related "power" estimations Lecture 4: Statistical Significance: ANOVA calculations Lecture 5: Metrology (Gage R&R, Correlation, Linearity, Bias , and Uncertainty Budgets) Lecture 6: QC Sampling Plans (C=0 and Z1.4 attribute AQL plans, and alternatives to such plans) Lecture 7: Statistically valid statements for use in reports Lecture 8: Summary and Impleme

Reclining Wheelchairs are specially designed to allow a person to comfortably recline at incremental angles safely and comfortably. Typically used for accommodation of severe hip extension contractures, or thostatic hypotension, and pressure re-distribution for prevention of skin breakdown. Recliner Wheelchairs work better with Elevating Legrests (ELRs); the user's legs and feet can also be re-positioned for maximum comfort and health benefits. The "ELRs" are optional on some models and standard on others. Be sure to ask about which type of ELR is best suitable for seating and position needs. On some wheelchairs this is an option so be sure to check the options and accessories when purchasing. Reclining Back Wheelchair( bed cum wheelchair ) which are suitable for indoor as well as outdoor purposes. These wheel chairs are manufactured using high quality material to ensure high strength and durability. Wheelchairs are available in foldable frames and are capable for maximum weight. Reclining wheelchairs are available in standard folding frames with extended head supports and seat widths up to 24" wide. The recline mechanism is attendant operated with levers much like a bicycle brake lever. The levers operate hydraulic (pump) mechanisms for a smooth adjustment. Using this reclining mechanism, the chair back can easily and frequently be positioned to any angle. Flexible Back Positioning: Reclining chairs offer unlimited back re-positioning for more patient comfort, better blood circulation, and to aid in sleeping. Work best with ELRs: Recliner chairs need Elevating Legrest so the patients legs and feet can also be re-positioned for maximum comfort. On some chairs this is an option so be sure to check the options and accessories section of each product page. Only the Back moves: On recliner wheelchairs the back reclines but the seat bottom stays in-place. Karma Aurora 4 Reclining Wheelchair: Frame Style : Fordable Frame Material : Aluminium (

Cerebral palsy is considered a neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the child's brain is under development. Cerebral palsy primarily affects body movement and muscle coordination. Though cerebral palsy can be defined, having cerebral palsy does not define the person that has the condition.Cerebral palsy is a condition that affects thousands of babies and children each year. It is not contagious, which means can't catch it from anyone who has it. The word cerebral means having to do with the brain. The word palsy means a weakness or problem in the way a person moves or positions his or her body. Cerebral palsy is a common complication of very premature birth. The condition is a type of brain injury that causes problems with motor function. It's been a baffling disorder for doctors because of confusion over what causes the brain injury. CP Wheelchair: Ultra light weight aluminum alloy frame Epoxy powder coated frame Detachable arm rest provided Height adjustable and detachable head rest Hydraulic reclining high back for a comfortable posture Detachable back and seat pad Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head. Hand brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cloth look like water proof upholstery Seat Width 14" Net Weight: 19.5 kgs An individual with cerebral palsy will likely show signs of physical impairment. However, the type of movement dysfunction, the location and number of limbs involved, as well as the extent of impairment, will vary from one individual to another. It can affect arms, legs, and even the face; it can affect one limb, several, or all. Cerebral palsy affects muscles and a person's ability to control them. Muscles can contract too much, too little, or all at the same time. Limbs can be stiff and forced into painful, awkward positions. Fluctuating muscle contractions can make limbs tremble, shake, or writhe. Balance, postur