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An experimental device made from layered filter paper is helping Rice University bioengineers study calcifying heart diseases. The filter paper is structured in a way that mimics the layering of aortic heart valves, recreating the means by which cells spread through cardiac tissue in a laboratory setting. It may not look much like a heart valve, but in practice it simulates the proliferation process in the same way.

Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive cancer diagnostic tool, has gained momentum in the last five years due to its advantages over the archaic painful procedure of solid tumour biopsy.