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Gut microbiome is the combined genetic material (genomes) of the microorganisms residing in the gut. The term microbiota is used to describe the community of microorganisms themselves. Lower microbiota diversity indicates a microbial imbalance within the gut, and is often found in people with autoimmune diseases, obesity and cardiometabolic conditions. Studies have found that while there is a heritable component to gut microbiota, the role of environmental factors such as diet, drugs and anthropometric measures play a key role in one's microbiota composition. Pharmacy teams are best placed to advise their patients on ways to improve their gut heath. Popular media suggests the key to solving all health problems is to nurture the gut through drinking kombucha and avoiding gluten. But how true is this really? Ask your patients to consider implementing the following five tips, informed by scientific literature, into their diet and lifestyle, to improve the microbiota diversity.

Kids get stomach problems all the time due to low immunity or lifestyle risk factors. While taking medications can reduce a bloated stomach or excess diarrhea, learning how to improve gut health can help your kid avoid stomach problems. One of the most effective gut health products is probiotics. Whether you plan to provide your kid with good strains of gut bacteria through Sproutedbiome supplements or introducing the good bacteria through diet, knowing what to expect can help you determine if they are working. HOW TO KNOW IF YOUR KID IS RESPONDING TO PROBIOTICS? Fewer tantrums and outbursts Gut health and mental health go hand-in-hand. A child with gas or stomach cramps tends to be fussy. The fussiness may progress to outbursts and tantrums due to symptoms in the gut. Probiotics trigger serotonin production, a neurotransmitter that improves your child's mood, sleep and appetite. If your once moody child starts getting happy and has sufficient sleep after taking probiotics, you will know they are working.

When it comes to digestive health issues and complaints the frequency of pharmacy visits is high, and a number of digestive health concerns can be attributed to constipation. So, how can pharmacy teams respond and spot patterns when patients come in regularly with the same complaints? Looking beyond just the symptoms is key in understanding contributing factors; further questions can be asked around diet and lifestyle that may lead to constipation and digestive health issues. Constipation can often be misconstrued, particularly in older people, and exploring lifestyle and diet with a patient could be key to helping and spotting patterns when patients come in regularly to pharmacy with the same complaint. Standard 20-tablet packs of constipation tablets may be appropriate for a patient displaying mild constipation, but pharmacies are seeing an increased amount of people coming into pharmacy more frequently, so could their digestive health issues be more complex than simply constipation?