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Nicole Johnson on 14 Jun 09Six Steps to Supersleep 19 June 2007 None of us can live without it. We need it every day. And most of us are deficient in it. It's not a vitamin or a mineral - it's sleep. An alarming 47 per cent of people have difficulty falling to sleep or staying asleep throughout the night, but many more are simply not getting enough for optimal health. Before the electric light bulb extended our days, most people slept for up to ten hours a night. The figure now hovers around seven and continues to fall. Not only are we sleeping less in the 21st century because we've learnt how to extend our daytime, but we also sleep less to get more done. Yet research clearly shows that it's a rare person who can survive on a great deal less than seven or eight hours' kip a night. One of the great mysteries is why we need sleep at all. Without it, even for a night, the body shows clear signs of stress - mood and concentration go, defences drop, vital nutrients zinc and magnesium levels fall, vitamin C is used up at an alarming rate. Sleep both rejuvenates the body and the mind. During the first three hours of sleep, the body goes into rapid repair mode. This is one of the reasons why, if you are injured or sick, nothing is better than a good night's sleep. The Importance of Dreaming After a couple of hours, we enter the dream state sleep, known as rapid eye movement, or REM, Stage 1. REM sleep normally occurs 90 minutes after the onset of sleep, but if we are sleep deprived it may occur within 30 minutes. Dreaming occurs during REM sleep and most of us have four or more REM periods per night, even though many people have difficulty remembering the dreams that occur in them. As well as providing physical rest, sleep may provide the chance to make a 'back-up tape' of the day's events for our large computer, the brain. While Westerners pay little heed to dreams, one African tribe believe 'real life' is lived in dreams and daytime is the illusion. The Bolivian philo