As manufacturing and industrial facilities evolved through the years, so have the options we power the equipment. By power, I am mentioning the controlling or initiating motion to perform a process. The key this can be the industrial motors themselves. Irrespective of whether they're small, medium, or large, motors need being controlled. They need to be started, stopped, and varied in entire speed for safety and to properly perform their selected function. A motor rotating at unsafe speeds may be hazardous to personnel and dangerous on the equipment to which they can be connected. The motor controller comes into play to do just that. Control of the startup along with the acceleration to an appropriate speed, then the monitoring in the motor to make sure it is operating within its power rating, and of course the stoppage in the motor.
For decades, a magnetic dc motor control was probably the most efficient way to get the job done. These sometimes complex circuits composed of relays, contactors, timers, and resistors could be found anywhere there has been an industrial electric motor. At the time, we were looking at new technology replacing drum controllers which used the human element to manipulate a motor's acceleration. on these controllers, an operator had the responsibility of turning on this motor and bringing it around its proper speed which has a handle attached to a drum of contacts. The faster the operator turned the handle, the faster the motor accelerated. Operating speed for the motor could also be controlled using the handle by stopping for a certain position short associated with full deflection. Motors may be reversed using these equipment by turning the handle in the opposite direction. Drum controllers relied excessive on an operator's gentle touch to be efficient and safe. The dc magnetic controller easily became the accepted method of motor control in its time.
The controlled acceleration on the dc motor and its controlled top speed made these controllers well suited for industrial machinery. The artists Cutler Hammer, Westinghouse, Allen Bradley, and General Electric were synonamous with motor control. They all consisted of similar circuitry but various manufacturers had their own improvements and idiocyncrasies. The motor is usually started and stopped with a normally open and typically closed push button assembly. This controls a relay typically labeled CR, with regard to control relay. The control circuit had been also interfaced with overload and overtemp contacts for protection with the motor, the machinery, together with human personnel. An M contactor indicates a main contactor. These dc contactors are made with large current carrying contacts because they are responsible for applying and disconnecting the most crucial circuit for the armature. In the event the control circuit is stimulated, the accelerating of that motor is initiated using a series of resistors and contactors. These contactors are typically labeled 1A, 2A, 3A, and so forth. Accelerating contacts are opened and closed based on the armature current draw in certain controllers and by timers in others.
Another contactor termed the FA contactor, or even field accelerating contactor, remained closed through the acceleration of the powerplant. This contact assures that full power is applied to the shunt field with the motor until it is operating for a constant speed. It imay additionally be called the FF contactor, or full field contactor by some manufacturers. Once this motor has achieved it's appropriate speed, the FA or FF contactor would open and speed control in the motor would be handed over to a rheostat. The rheostat is in series with this shunt field. By varying the current flow through the shunt field, motors could be regulated for speed. Some forms of cover in these motor starters were added with motor winding failure and excessive mechanical loading. The FL contactor, or field loss contactor was typically made from line coil in series while using the shunt field. An open in the shunt field circuit would cause the field loss contactor to open and disable the control circuit acting akin to pressing a stop button. The other form of protection is and overload circuit. The OL contactor or the OLX contactor were useful to monitor an overload situation. These contactors also would stand for similar to pressing a stop button. an overload typically senses excessive current flow through the armature in the motor caused by intrinsic motor winding shorts together with opens, motor brush malfunction, a mechanical problem due to worn motor bearings, or maybe a mechanical failure in the equipment to which the motor is coupled.
Other optional items included in these magnetic motor beginners were components like additional current meters for personnel to look at. A load meter is a good example of current monitoring modified to display the load on the motor in real time to the operator. They had also reversing options which often enabled the direction of the motor to be changed which has a switch or by resorting a mechanical handle. Using a familiarity of magnetic dc continuous-duty motor starters and basic electrical skills, troubleshooting the control circuits of all of these manufacturers becomes easier with experience because the concept and basic schematics with Cutler Hammer, GE, Allen Bradley, together with Westinghouse were always similar.
For decades, a magnetic dc motor control was probably the most efficient way to get the job done. These sometimes complex circuits composed of relays, contactors, timers, and resistors could be found anywhere there has been an industrial electric motor. At the time, we were looking at new technology replacing drum controllers which used the human element to manipulate a motor's acceleration. on these controllers, an operator had the responsibility of turning on this motor and bringing it around its proper speed which has a handle attached to a drum of contacts. The faster the operator turned the handle, the faster the motor accelerated. Operating speed for the motor could also be controlled using the handle by stopping for a certain position short associated with full deflection. Motors may be reversed using these equipment by turning the handle in the opposite direction. Drum controllers relied excessive on an operator's gentle touch to be efficient and safe. The dc magnetic controller easily became the accepted method of motor control in its time.
The controlled acceleration on the dc motor and its controlled top speed made these controllers well suited for industrial machinery. The artists Cutler Hammer, Westinghouse, Allen Bradley, and General Electric were synonamous with motor control. They all consisted of similar circuitry but various manufacturers had their own improvements and idiocyncrasies. The motor is usually started and stopped with a normally open and typically closed push button assembly. This controls a relay typically labeled CR, with regard to control relay. The control circuit had been also interfaced with overload and overtemp contacts for protection with the motor, the machinery, together with human personnel. An M contactor indicates a main contactor. These dc contactors are made with large current carrying contacts because they are responsible for applying and disconnecting the most crucial circuit for the armature. In the event the control circuit is stimulated, the accelerating of that motor is initiated using a series of resistors and contactors. These contactors are typically labeled 1A, 2A, 3A, and so forth. Accelerating contacts are opened and closed based on the armature current draw in certain controllers and by timers in others.
Another contactor termed the FA contactor, or even field accelerating contactor, remained closed through the acceleration of the powerplant. This contact assures that full power is applied to the shunt field with the motor until it is operating for a constant speed. It imay additionally be called the FF contactor, or full field contactor by some manufacturers. Once this motor has achieved it's appropriate speed, the FA or FF contactor would open and speed control in the motor would be handed over to a rheostat. The rheostat is in series with this shunt field. By varying the current flow through the shunt field, motors could be regulated for speed. Some forms of cover in these motor starters were added with motor winding failure and excessive mechanical loading. The FL contactor, or field loss contactor was typically made from line coil in series while using the shunt field. An open in the shunt field circuit would cause the field loss contactor to open and disable the control circuit acting akin to pressing a stop button. The other form of protection is and overload circuit. The OL contactor or the OLX contactor were useful to monitor an overload situation. These contactors also would stand for similar to pressing a stop button. an overload typically senses excessive current flow through the armature in the motor caused by intrinsic motor winding shorts together with opens, motor brush malfunction, a mechanical problem due to worn motor bearings, or maybe a mechanical failure in the equipment to which the motor is coupled.
Other optional items included in these magnetic motor beginners were components like additional current meters for personnel to look at. A load meter is a good example of current monitoring modified to display the load on the motor in real time to the operator. They had also reversing options which often enabled the direction of the motor to be changed which has a switch or by resorting a mechanical handle. Using a familiarity of magnetic dc continuous-duty motor starters and basic electrical skills, troubleshooting the control circuits of all of these manufacturers becomes easier with experience because the concept and basic schematics with Cutler Hammer, GE, Allen Bradley, together with Westinghouse were always similar.
REFERENCE:
http://goarticles.com/article/The-Importance-Of-Technology-In-Today-s-Modern-Time/5825547/
http://www.articledirectory.name/Art/637039/191/The-Necessity-Of-Tehnology-In-Today-s-Modern-Time.html
http://www.articleinside.com/Article/The-Value-Of-Tehnology-In-Today-s-Modern-Time/87648