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A Burger

Yemen supports Iran's nuclear rights - 0 views

www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx

shared by A Burger on 01 May 09 - Cached
  • A Burger on 01 May 09
     
    Yemen supports Iran's nuclear rights
Evan Shapiro

Human rights in Chad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Human_rights_in_Chad

shared by Evan Shapiro on 30 Apr 09 - Cached
  • Evan Shapiro on 30 Apr 09
     
    human rights in chad
N Howard

Australia Signs Protocol on Child Soldiers - Media Releases from the Australian Ministe... - 0 views

www.foreignminister.gov.au/...fa151c_02.html

Australia Signs Protocol on Child Soldiers

shared by N Howard on 30 Apr 09 - Cached
  • Australia Signs Protocol on Child Soldiers
  • Australia has signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.
  • Our signature demonstrates Australia's continuing commitment, not only to the promotion and protection of children's rights in this area, but also to the Convention's broader objectives.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • stablishes a new international standard for the protection of children in armed conflict and reflects fully Australia's preferred position.  It raises the age for participation in hostilities from 15 to 18 years and raises the age for voluntary recruitment into national armed forces from 15 to a minimum of 16 years.
  • N Howard on 30 Apr 09
     
    Australia Signs Protocol on Child Soldiers
G Cord Nation

Nuclear Weapons Programs - Brazil - 0 views

www.globalsecurity.org/...nuke.htm

shared by G Cord Nation on 30 Apr 09 - No Cached
  • G Cord Nation on 30 Apr 09
     
    Brazil pursued a covert nuclear weapons program in response to Argentina's program. It developed a modest nuclear power program, enrichment facilitiesBrazil's nuclear capabilities are the most advanced in Latin America; that the United States had been an unreliable supplier, Brazil was forced to look elsewhere for assistance. Brazil made a radical change in 1975, when it opted for nuclear technology from West Germany, despite strong protests from the United States. The agreement, signed on June 27, called for West Germany to transfer eight nuclear reactors (each of which could produce 1,300 megawatts), a commercial-scale uranium enrichment facility, a pilot-scale plutonium reprocessing plant, and Becker "jet nozzle" enrichment technology. West Germany's Kraftwerk Union, an affiliate of Siemens, was hired to construct the power plants. The projected cost of the program was US$4 billion, to be paid over a fifteen-year period. The most important element of the agreement was that it called for the first-ever transfer of technology for a complete nuclear fuel cycle, including enrichment and reprocessing. The United States government opposed the accord vigorously. Although it was unable to revoke the agreement, the United States convinced West Germany to enact stringent safeguards. Through a series of agreements, Brazil and Argentina have defused the issue of nuclear rivalry. On May 20, 1980, while under military rule, both countries signed the Brazilian-Argentine Agreement on the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, establishing technical cooperation in developing the nuclear fuel cycle and coordination of nuclear policy. President Sarney and Argentine president Raúl Alfonsín strengthened this cooperation in 1985, with the Joint Declarations on Nuclear Policy of Foz do Iguaçu. After the 1985 agreement, the presidents and technical staffs made reciprocal visits to nonsafeguarded nuclear installations in both countries. The heads of state made subsequent joint declarations
E Griffith

Iraq | Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 - 0 views

www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/...iraq

Model UN Iraq- Child Soldiers

shared by E Griffith on 30 Apr 09 - Cached
  • Abductions of children by Iraqi armed groups related to the sectarian violence increased significantly, in addition to the number of children abducted for ransom. A survey conducted by several local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Baghdad indicated that at least 20,000 people had been abducted throughout the country in 2006, half of them women and children.6
  • Article 9 of the 2005 Iraqi constitution stated that “[t]he Iraqi Armed Forces and Security Services will be composed of the components of the Iraqi people with due consideration given to its balance and its similarity without discrimination or exclusion and shall be subject to the control of the civilian authority”, and that “[m]ilitary service shall be regulated by law”.
  • The government, through the Commission of Child Care, began to address the challenges confronting children in Iraq. The Commission established a committee, which recommended that the government sign the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.28
A Redman

Children and armed conflict - SecCo presidential statement, debate - Press release (exc... - 0 views

domino.un.org/...b852573ef0054c002!OpenDocument

Model UN

shared by A Redman on 01 May 09 - Cached
  • The Council had before it the report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict (document S/2007/757), which covers progress in the implementation of resolution 1612 (2005) on that topic, from October 2006 to August 2007, and includes information on compliance in ending grave violations, such as the recruitment and use of child soldiers, as well as cross-cutting issues that have arisen due to the changing nature of conflicts.
  • MAGED ABDELAZIZ ( Egypt) said that the monitoring mechanism should be extended to situations related to children in occupied Palestine, as reflected in the report, as well as to the sufferings of Lebanese children from the extensive and unprecedented use by Israel of cluster bombs during the 2006 conflict in southern Lebanon.  All violations should be treated on an equal footing, and no child should be left under those or any other conflicts without international protection.   Egypt supported most of the Secretary-General's recommendations especially that equal weight be given to all categories of grave violations. He also supported the recommendations aiming at making adequate resources and funding available by donors to national Governments, the United Nations and partners to support the rehabilitation and reintegration of children in armed conflicts and address immediately the grave humanitarian, human rights and development consequences of cluster munitions.  In the annexes, it was necessary to include a reference to the violations of Israel of its commitments as an occupying Power, particularly those related to guaranteeing peace and security of children in the Occupied Arab Territories, in Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. Egypt appreciated extensive efforts by the Working Group, according to its current mandate, without expanding it to include the imposition of targeted measures on parties who committed grave violations against children in all situations of concern.  Such an expansion of the mandate might affect the balance needed to deal with all aspects of situations of concern listed in the annexes, whether they were included on the Council agenda or not, without concentrating on a certain aspect at the expense of others.  To accomplish all targeted goals, the office of the Special Representative should coordinate with the new office of the Special Representative for Violence against Children.
    • A Redman
      A Redman on 01 May 09
       
      See highlight above, Maged Abdelaziz (Egypt Rep to UN) supports highlighted above)
D Goldsholl

Sierra Leone: Child Soldiers - 0 views

pangaea.org/...armies.htm

Sierra Leone child soldiers

shared by D Goldsholl on 01 May 09 - Cached
  • Child Soldiers
  • The camp director said that when the youths had been given drugs-most likely, amphetamines-while soldiering, they "would do just about anything that was ordered." Some, he added, were proud of having been effective killers.
  • Many of the boys, ranging from nine to 16 years of age, had killed people as they fought in a civil war that paused with a fragile cease-fire in 1995.
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • shortly before been willing to kill and who had never received an adequate foundation of moral development,
  • end of the Cold War ushered in an era of ethnopolitical conflicts that are seldom fought on well-defined battlefields
  • increasingly internal,
  • characterized by butchery; violence against women, and atrocities sometimes committed by former neighbors.
  • 80 percent of the victims are noncombatants, mostly women and children.
  • children serve as combatants or as cooks, informants, porters, bodyguards, sentries, and spies.
  • children participate in relatively unstructured but politically motivated acts of violence, such as throwing stones or planting bombs.
  • far greater problem than suggested by the scant attention it has received.
  • found from Central America to the Great Lakes region of Central Africa, and from Belfast in the north to Angola in the south.
  • The problem defies gender boundaries.
  • Typically, sexual victimization is a part of soldiering for girls, many of whom are forced to become "soldiers' wives." After the conflict ends, families and local communities may reject the girls as impure or unsuitable for marriage. Desperate to survive, many former girl soldiers become prostitutes.
  • The use of child soldiers violates international norms. The U. N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), signed in 1989 and ratified by more than 160 nations, establishes 15 years as the minimum recruitment age. In fact, most countries have endorsed an optional protocol that boosts the minimum recruitment age to 18 years.
  • Yes," he said. He would have done "what he had to do." When asked what he wanted for the future, he said, "I only want to go to school."
  • in developing countries, in which children constitute nearly half the population and in which children are often reared in a system that mixes war, poverty, violence, hunger, environmental degradation, and political instability.
  • Many Angolan children report nightmares and flashbacks, display heightened aggressiveness, and suffer from hopelessness. Thousands of children-defined as people under 18 years of age-entered the military. For both parents and children, war had become normal.
  • Violent youths, however, may yet sabotage the cease-fire.
  • How widespread is child soldiering? Numbers are hard to come by. The destruction and turmoil of war make it difficult to create and preserve accurate records. Particularly in Africa, many countries have no history of keeping precise birth records.
  • military groups, governmental and rebel, make no attempt to document or accurately report the ages of the children they recruit.
  • The best estimate-which is admittedly soft-is that in the mid-1990s, there were about a quarter of a million child soldiers, current or recently demobilized.
  • D Goldsholl on 01 May 09
     
    more stuff on child soldiers
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