Document on Bionics from University of Genova.

The article is about using alternative methods to interface with brain tissue other than wires and electrodes. The researchers at Case Western Reserve University are conducting the research, with the use of grant money. The research was to find a way for the brain and machine to interface through wireless activity. This would be done through the use of light. The article is not from a peer reviewed journal. This article can relate in the group in terms of an alternative method of establishing an interface.

The article is about neuroscientists being able to store information in brain tissue. The researchers at the Case Western Reserve University conducted experiments to store information in working memory, which is short term storage. The researchers will look into how much information can be stored in the hippocampus. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health. The article is not from a peer review journal. The article can relate to see if the bionic parts can respond to the brain and vice versa, which could prove useful in the bibliography.

In the article, a project funded by RIKEN and Toyota developed a Wheelchair that is controlled by using your mind. This would have an application in a sense that it would allow paraplegic individuals to move their wheelchair, even though they can't really speak with voice commands. The things that need to address is to lower the time latency from 125 milliseconds for more real-time response.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2009, September 24). Stimulating Sight: Retinal Implant Could Help Restore Useful Level Of Vision To Certain Groups Of Blind People. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 25, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com¬ /releases/2009/09/090923173952.htm The article is about the use of a retinal implant that could restore an individual vision so that they can identify the type of environment they are in. Researchers at MIT are inspired by the cochlear implants success to create an implant that could restore a blind person's vision so that they can identify objects. The research is done by a team of scientists, engineers, and ophthalmologists from MIT, Boston VA Med Center, Cornell, and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. The implant involved placing the implant to the outside of the eye and electrodes within the eye to do less damage. Researchers have developed several working prototypes and used them on pigs for almost a year, although final adjustments need to be made. Scientists are hopeful that human trials can begin so that patients can offer live and understandable feedback to them, so that the algorithm used within the implants can be configured properly.

The article is about a new device, invented by a team of top European Union researchers at the Tel Aviv University, called the SmartHand. The purpose of the SmartHand is to function as a replacement hand, in the event an individual were to lose their hand. The Hand functions by wiring itself into the nerve endings of the patient. The first human subject to try the Smart Hand, Robin af Ekenstam of Sweden, comments that he can 'feel' his fingers, hinting that it feels somewhat natural. Some of the applications of the device can allow the user to eat by themselves as well as write with that hand. A challenge that the scientists will commit to now is to improve control between the brain and the hand, as well as give it artificial skin to hide the bionic look. The project is funded by the E.U. Sixth Framework.

Neuroscientists demonstrated that using brain waves to type characters on a computer is possible. The research is occurring at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, with collaboration from the University of North Florida with several patients with epilepsy. The project is being funded by the National Science Foundation and is still ongoing. Some of the applications it can have is that it would allow paralyzed individuals to send words out to screens, even though they are unable to speak or move.

Researchers in the article are developing a way to process 'wet' computer systems, which is another way of saying biological computers. The technology is being developed at the University of Southampton and is funded by the European Union's Future and Emerging technologies Initiative. They are working on this project since they believe the best information processes is within our brain and are accomplishing this by using lipid water droplets. The article does not indicate that it's in a peer reviewed journal. The project will run for several years.