By Bernadette Doran In an experiment to test citizen behavior, a male researcher randomly approached pedestrians and gave them one of three orders: to pick up a paper bag littering the sidewalk, to give a dime to another passerby, or to step back from a bus stop.

By Richard R. Johnson, M.S. IntroductionMost people can identify a police officer by the official police uniform. When citizens on a busy street are in need of help, they scan the crowds of pedestrians looking for the distinctive uniform of a police officer. Drivers who come to an intersection