Fintech Daily Digest

Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) has pushed back the addition of recurring payments to its Pix instant payment platform from October 2024 until June 2025. Automatic Pix will facilitate recurring charges that let users authorize periodic debits automatically, without the need for authentication for each transaction. The BCB also published amended Pix regulations that limit transactions on access devices that are unregistered or that have never been used to initiate a Pix transaction to R$200 and R$1,000 per day. The amendments will become effective on November 1, 2024.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has provided final approval to spot Ethereum (ETH) exchange-traded funds (ETFs) following the listing of these instruments on three American exchanges on July 23, 2024. The approved issuers include BlackRock, Fidelity, 21Shares, Bitwise, Franklin Templeton, VanEck, and Invesco Galaxy, all of whom also offer Bitcoin ETFs that were greenlighted by the SEC at the beginning of 2024. All spot ETH ETFs, except Grayscale, kept the base fee between 0.15% and 0.25%, but Fidelity, 21Shares, Bitwise, Franklin, and VanEck will waive all fees until a set period or a determined amount in net assets is achieved. Grayscale is charging 2.50%.

Giesecke+Devrient (G+D) unveiled its Convego TruSafe self hosted cryptocurrency wallet solution, which it aims to distribute via banks. It combines a mobile wallet app with a smart card that looks like a debit card and acts as cold wallet storage. If someone loses the card, it's recoverable by splitting your private key into pieces or shards. One is held on the card, one by your bank and one by G+D. If the card is lost, a new one can be ordered and authenticated and activated through the mobile app, and access to the digital assets on the lost card regained. A wallet holder must use biometrics to request a new card, which recreates the key behind the scenes. https://www.gi-de.com/en/group/press/press-releases/from-complexity-to-simplicity-g-d-provides-seamless-and-secure-self-custody-of-digital-assets

The Eurosystem defined a harmonized policy to allow non-bank payment service providers (PSPs) to access central bank-operated payment systems, including TARGET. Non-bank PSPs include payment institutions (PIs) and electronic money institutions (EMIs). The broader access criteria for TARGET are aimed at enhancing the efficiency of the European retail payments market, fostering competition and innovation in the European payments landscape, and supporting the uptake of instant payments in the European Union. Starting in April 2025, non-bank PSPs meeting certain requirements will be able to access TARGET, including T2 (for settling payments) and TIPS (for settling instant payments). The Payment Services Directive was also amended to introduce the option for non-bank PSPs to safeguard users' funds in an account held with a central bank, subject to the discretion of that central bank.

The World Bank published a technical paper on on its practical experiments on fast payments system (FPS) interoperability with central bank digital currency (CBDC) systems. The first experiment investigated the option of settling FPS obligations in a wholesale CBDC system, including the option to reserve funds to guarantee the settlement of FPS net obligations. The second experiment investigated the interoperability between users within the FPS and retail CBDC users, including the transfer of funds among both types of users, using common services such as address resolution services. This experiment illustrated how CBDC systems could interoperate with retail payment systems through an interlinking bridge that was used to route messages and application programming interface (API) calls among different systems. The programmability features of distributed ledger technology (DLT) were used to link the settlement in CBDC to the transfer of funds in the FPS.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published a paper that examines the relationship between digital payment innovation, economic growth and informal activities in 101 economies over 2014-19. It finds that a one-percentage point increase in digital payments use is associated with increases in the growth of GDP per capita of 0.10 percentage points and a decline in the share of informal sector employment of 0.06 percentage points, both over a two-year period. Digital payments do not appear to be significantly associated with rises in total factor productivity once controlling for general measures of digitalization and government effectiveness, but they are linked to greater financial inclusion and credit access. The results reinforce the case for government policies to encourage digital payments and, as complementary factors, access to the financial sector and information technology.

Five spot Ethereum exchange-traded funds (ETFs) will begin trading on the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) on July 23, 2024, "pending regulatory effectiveness". The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved rule changes permitting the listing of several spot Ether ETFs on May 23, but the regulator still had to sign off on each fund issuer's respective S-1 registration statements before trading can commence.

Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed an interest in accelerating the Bank of Russia's digital ruble CBDC pilots. At a meeting on economic issues on July 17, 2024, he called for a "broader, full-scale implementation of the digital ruble in the economy, in economic activity and in the field of finance". The pilot, which launched in August 2023, involved 12 banks, 600 individuals and 22 trade and service enterprises from 11 cities. As of July 1, 2024, 27,000 transfers and over 7,000 payments for goods and services have been done, which "the digital ruble platform showed its performance and functionality" and justifying taking the next step to "full implementation". http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/74566

The National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK) launched a pilot project to use its digital tenge CBDC to pay for the construction of a rail line to China. The project uses programmable digital tenge to see that allocated funds reach the intended recipients at the right time. The money allocated to finance the project was "marked" so it is paid only to organizations that have fully fulfilled the required obligations. The marked CBDC was used to enlarge the rail line between Moyynty in central Kazakhstan and Dostyk on the Chinese border across from Xinjiang. https://nationalbank.kz/ru/news/informacionnye-soobshcheniya/16879

Banco de la República de Colombia (BRC) published a report outlining its cautious stance on issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC). It underscores the BRC's concerns over potential financial risks and policy challenges associated with CBDC adoption, and potential financial stability threats and monetary policy transmission channel disruptions. Hence, the BRC does not see reasons for CBDC issuance in the short term, but it will continue investigating the possible advantages, risks and costs of its issuance in the future. (In Spanish)

Elliptic published its 2024 typologies report on the nexus between crypto-assets and financial crime. This year's report is designed to equip compliance teams and law enforcement with the practical insights needed to continue to detect new financial crime risks with success. The report includes case studies and insights on the convergence of AI and crypto-assets and how it is impacting criminal activity, the increasing use of stablecoins in financial crime typologies including pig butchering scams and sanctions evasion activity, and major law enforcement and regulatory actions with additional case studies.

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is looking to roll out a comprehensive regulatory framework for fiat-referenced stablecoin (FRS) issuers. This comes alongside a proposal for legislation. The new regime would require foreign FRS issuers to establish a physical presence in Hong Kong, require that issuers custody reserves at Hong Kong banks, and prohibit issuers from paying interest to holders. https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/news-and-media/press-releases/2024/07/20240717-3/

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published its final disclosure framework for banks' crypto-asset exposures and targeted amendments to its crypto-asset standard published in December 2022. The disclosure framework includes a set of standardized tables and templates covering banks' crypto-asset exposures to enhance information availability and support market discipline. The targeted amendments include clarified criteria for stablecoins to receive a preferential regulatory treatment. 

Oxbridge Re Ltd., the Cayman Islands based reinsurance company, through its SurancePlus digital securities subsidiary, completed a private placement of 287,705 Participation Shares represented by the digital tokens, EpsilonCat Re, under a 3-year Participation Share Investment Contract to raise roughly $2.88 million. [Source: Artemis.bm]

State Street is reportedly exploring creating its own stablecoin and deposit token. The bank is already an investor in Fnality, the interbank distributed ledger technology (DLT) synthetic wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) payment solution backed by 20 institutions.

The Financial Stability Board (FSB) published its proposed recommendations to promote greater alignment in data frameworks related to cross-border payments and consistency in the regulation and supervision of bank and non-bank payment service providers. They take forward priority actions under the G20 Roadmap to address legal, supervisory and regulatory frictions in cross-border payments to help achieve the quantitative targets in 2027. Proposals include the establishment of a forum for cross-sectoral collaboration on data issues related to cross-border payments to ensure that the recommendations are taken forward in a coordinated manner.

Palau has contracted with Soramitsu Labs to build a distributed ledger technology (DLT) based government bond issuance platform. Soramitsu, the developer of Cambodia's Bakong DLT-based national payment system, is also working with Laos, the Philippines and Vietnam on central bank digital currency (CBDC) projects, and with the Asian Development Bank on a proof of concept for the cross border settlement of bond transactions. The 100 million yen cost of the Palau project will be covered by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and the Japanese foreign and finance ministries will provide advice on strategy and project management.

Cumulative e-CNY transaction volumes reached RMB 6.6 trillion ($910 billion) through to May 2024 (7.3 times year-over-year growth).

The U.S. House of Representatives could not gather enough support to override President Joe Biden's veto of a resolution affecting a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rule on banks recording cryptocurrency held in custody for customers as a liability on their balance sheets. In a July 11 vote, 228 House members voted to override President Biden's veto of H.J.Res. 109, overturning SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 121 - 60 votes short of the two-thirds majority required. However, Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Calif.) said the SEC has been negotiating with banking industry representatives about "targeted modifications" to the policy and "may be close to reaching an agreement."

The Bank of Canada (BOC) published a paper that describes the ecology of automated market makers (AMMs) used for the pricing and trading of crypto assets within decentralized finance (DeFi). It uses blockchain data to identify trends in user adoption and trading volumes of AMMs. Given the range of AMMs available and the diversity of their designs, the paper performs case studies on four platforms-Uniswap, Curve, Sushiswap and Balancer-to represent the AMM market. It describes the designs of these four AMMs in terms of their products or services, governance, incentives for participation and risks. Finally, the paper describes the characteristics of AMMs that require considerations with respect to the application of a regulatory framework to AMMs.