Fintech Daily Digest

DTCC and Japan Securities Clearing Corporation (JSCC) conducted a proof-of-concept (POC) to design and develop a cross-industry and cross-product collateral ecosystem by making full use of the "DTCC Digital Launchpad" distributed ledger technology (DLT) based platform. The POC explored how central counterparties (CCPs) could use tokenization to optimize the collateral management process for clearing members and their buy-side firms. In particular, it examined how margin calls and their associated processes could be automated, made more efficient and transparent for all participants using digital assets and smart contracts - or rules that automatically execute on a distributed ledger when certain conditions are met.

Back in December 2021, Ukraine's Ministry of Digital Transformation launched its ePidtrymka digital payment system to distribute COVID-related stimulus funds to fully-vaccinated Ukraine citizens who are over 18. The card is issued free of charge both online and offline at participating bank branches. The money can be spent on books, gyms, tickets to the cinema, theater, museums, concerts or transportation in the Ukraine, but money had to be used within four months, after which the account is closed.

The Deutsche Bundesbank (BuBa) maintains a continuously updated list of its trigger solution experiments and trials. The trigger solution links DLT platforms operated by the market with the traditional Eurosystem payment system (TARGET), thus enabling the direct settlement of DLT-based wholesale transactions on participants' existing RTGS accounts in central bank money.

In 2024, the ECB invited market participants to test how new technologies like distributed-ledger technologies (DLT) would work for central bank money settlement. The so-called ECB trials and experiments are aimed at exploring the potential of digital payments targeting a wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC). Together with leading institutions, infrastructures and fintech businesses, Deutsche Börse Group contributes to this transformative endeavor with its Clearstream and Eurex Clearing businesses. The Deutsche Börse maintains a list of all such use-case experiments here.

The Health Employees Superannuation Trust Australia (HESTA) and ANZ are examining whether the bank's A$DC stablecoin could allow HESTA to streamline pension payment reconciliation. Currently, HESAT member firms contributing to staff pensions pay the money across and separately send data about what it relates to. ANZ's idea is for the data to accompany the stablecoin payment as part of a smart contract. This could eliminate the entire reconciliation process and employees would be able to see their contributions in real time.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) launched Project Aperta (Latin for "open") to explore how to reduce frictions and costs in global finance by enabling seamless cross-border data portability. The project aims to connect the domestic open finance infrastructures of different jurisdictions. The initial use case to be explored is in trade finance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with many more applications to follow. Project Aperta collaborators include the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, the Banco Central do Brasil, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority , the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, and the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation.

Paxos launched a new stablecoin payments platform targeting payment service providers (PSP) and Fintechs that want to enable stablecoin payments. Global payment processing company Stripe will be the first PSP to integrate the new platform into its system. The infrastructure will be featured on Stripe's Pay with Crypto product, which allows users to accept stablecoin payments settling in fiat currencies. Once a stablecoin payment is received via Paxos, users can choose whether to immediately convert to fiat currency and settle in local currency, or pay out stablecoin balances directly to merchants. Merchants will have the ability to issue refunds by instantly converting fiat into the stablecoin originally used, then sending directly to the wallet used in the initial payment. https://paxos.com/blog/paxos-launches-new-stablecoin-payments-platform/ https://docs.stripe.com/crypto/integrate-pay-with-crypto

The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) and Ant International have reportedly launched cross-border QR code payments. The payments will occur between NBC's Bakong payment system and Ant International's Alipay+ cross-border mobile payments and digital solutions platform. This will allow users of 12 international payment apps, including Alipay, AlipayHK, Touch 'n Go eWallet, GCash, Kakao Pay, and others, to make seamless payments to merchants in Cambodia by scanning KHQR codes. This will support payments in Cambodian riels. In September 2024, the NBC and Bank Negara Malaysia launched a similar scheme for payments between Cambodia and Malaysia.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published two Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) reports that offer key insights and recommendations on the interlinking and interoperability of payment systems to enhance cross-border payments. The first report discusses design choices and the risk implications of interlinked fast payment systems (FPSs) and the role of application programming interfaces (APIs), setting out the key decisions for governance and outlines recommendations for their oversight. The second report presents ten recommendations to promote the harmonization of APIs to enhance cross-border payments. https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d223.htm https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d224.htm

"This paper highlights the growth and importance of stablecoins since they were launched 10 years ago. We outline their impact on the cryptocurrency ecosystem as well as the financial system as a whole, while also summarising the main findings in the literature. Finally, we outline future research directions."

Chinese scientists have mounted what they say is the world's first effective attack on a widely used encryption method using a quantum computer. The breakthrough poses a "real and substantial threat" to the long-standing password-protection mechanism employed across critical sectors, including banking and the military, according to the researchers.

Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) is calling for new companies to participate in its Drex wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) project aimed at the tokenization of the Brazilian financial system. There is no initial limitation on the number of business cases that can be selected. The number of selected proposals will be determined on the set of applications received and considering the central bank's technical and operational capacity.

Russia's Ministry of Finance published a proposal to develop a distributed ledger technology (DLT) based cross-border payment infrastructure that serves the interests of the BRICs countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates). The BRICS Cross-Border Payment Initiative (BCBP) project is aimed at circumventing the U.S. dollar dominated global financial system, and sanction-proofing member countries. The report was co-authored by the Bank of Russia and Yakov & Partners, as Russia prepares to host leaders for the annual BRICS summit, in Kazan from October 22 to 24. https://minfin.gov.ru/common/upload/press_center/2024/10/BRICS_Research_on_IMFS_20241008.pdf https://pdfupload.io/docs/e1231f66

The IMF published a paper that analyzes the financial stability implications of retail central bank digital currency (CBDC). It starts with a systematic analysis of balance sheet changes that arise from the new liability for the central bank and the banking system, and examine how they depend on preconditions, central bank choices, and banking system responses. Based on this, it discusses the range of implications for financial stability that may arise in steady state, in the context of adoption, and in crisis times. Threats to financial intermediation in steady state arise mainly in situations where the central bank balance sheet expands, and triggers adjustment mechanisms that lead to more costly or less stable funding of the banking system, while in crisis times run risk may increase. The analysis of policy choices to control these effects considers macroprudential policy, and an expansion of central bank lending to commercial banks, but finds that a main contribution needs to come from a design of the CBDC that encourages its use as a means of payment rather than a store of value.

The Central Securities Depository Prague (CDCP) has become the first institution to get official authorization to launch under the European Securities and Market Authority (ESMA) DLT Pilot Regime. The DLT Pilot Regime provides the legal framework for trading and settlement of transactions in crypto-assets that qualify as financial instruments under European regulation, while facilitating the set-up of new types of market infrastructures. Starting November 18, 2024, CDCP will be able to offer issuers of book-entry securities registration of issues in the newly created distributed ledger technology (DLT) based registry. https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/dlt-pilot-regime https://www.cdcp.cz/csd-prague-receives-first-european-dlt-register-approval/?lang=en

Mu Changchun, Director of the Digital Currency Institute of the People's Bank of China (PBOC), provided an update on the digital renminbi (RMB) pilot. As of the end of July 2024, there were 180 million personal digital RMB wallets, and the cumulative transaction amount was 7.3 trillion yuan, including high-value securities and trade transactions.

In an October 10, 2024 filing in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, Ripple disclosed plans to take a cross-appeal to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in its ongoing legal battle with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). On October 2 the SEC filed an appeal to an August 7 order for Ripple to pay a $125 million civil penalty for violating federal securities laws. The Court of Appeals will review both appeals to determine if any legal or procedural errors were made in the August 7 decision.

The OECD has released the IT format for transmitting information under the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) and the amended Common Reporting Standard (CRS). This release includes interpretative guidance to assist jurisdictions and financial institutions in complying with the new requirements. These updates are aimed at improving transparency and global standards for tax reporting on crypto assets, ensuring consistency with existing international financial reporting protocols. The guidance will help facilitate accurate and efficient reporting of crypto-related financial activities.

According to a recent survey, 29 of 100 European payment service providers (PSPs) are reluctant to work with cryptocurrency exchanges owing to banking partner restrictions. 95 have had banks close or restrict their accounts often with no reason given. The survey was performed by Neo, which provides PSPs with FX and cross border payment solutions https://www.getneo.com/new-report-finds-that-psps-have-had-account-access-limited/

The World Bank published a paper that discusses the potential role of crypto-assets in central bank reserve portfolios. It concludes that crypto-assets are currently incompatible with the traditional objectives of safety, liquidity, and return. Their volatile values undermine their reliability as a store of value, and despite some guidance from policy makers and standard-setting bodies, they still face an uncertain regulatory environment.