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The World Bank published a technical paper on on its practical experiments on fast payments system (FPS) interoperability with central bank digital currency (CBDC) systems. The first experiment investigated the option of settling FPS obligations in a wholesale CBDC system, including the option to reserve funds to guarantee the settlement of FPS net obligations. The second experiment investigated the interoperability between users within the FPS and retail CBDC users, including the transfer of funds among both types of users, using common services such as address resolution services. This experiment illustrated how CBDC systems could interoperate with retail payment systems through an interlinking bridge that was used to route messages and application programming interface (API) calls among different systems. The programmability features of distributed ledger technology (DLT) were used to link the settlement in CBDC to the transfer of funds in the FPS.

Starting in 2025 banks across North America, Europe, and Asia will embark on live trials of digital assets and currency transactions over the SWIFT network. These trials aim to address the rise of disconnected digital platforms, or 'digital islands', that could hinder more widespread adoption and ease of use for new forms of value. The live trials will leverage SWIFT's existing global network to interlink various digital and traditional currency platforms, providing a single system for banks to transact across borders with digital and fiat currencies.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Hub and Bank of England have launched Project Meridian FX to experiment with FX transaction synchronization concepts. This will be achieved via a "synchronization operator" (SO) that uses distributed ledger technology (DLT) to interlink central bank settlement (RTGS) systems, and orchestrate the settlement of a payment versus payment (PvP) FX transactions. The experiments, which will take place towards the end of 2024, will connect Meridian FX's SO to the three solutions being explored as part of the Eurosystem's broader exploratory work on wholesale settlement.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) joined Project Nexus, a multilateral international initiative to enable instant cross-border retail payments by interlinking domestic fast payment systems (FPSs). Nexus, conceptualized by the BIS Innovation Hub aims to connect the FPSs of four ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand); and now India. Indonesia, which has been involved from the early stages, continues to be involved as a special observer. The platform is expected to go live by 2026. Once functional, Nexus will play an important role in making retail cross-border payments efficient, faster, and more cost effective.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) will collaborate with several central banks to explore how instant cross-border payments could be improved using a modular foreign exchange component combined with settlement in wholesale central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Project Rialto will explore a new automatic FX settlement layer using wholesale CBDC as a safe settlement asset that could be deployed for interlinked instant payment systems or digital asset systems. Project Rialto is named after the famous bridge in Venice which connects two sides of the Grand Canal.

The European Central Bank (ECB) will launch initiatives to help improve cross-border payments within the European Union (EU) and beyond, building on the Eurosystem's TARGET Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS) service. This will include allowing instant payments originating in one TIPS currency to be settled in another TIPS currency and in central bank money, starting with euro, Swedish kronor and Danish krone. The project will also explore linking TIPS with other fast payment systems, include developing links with partners outside the EU.