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On July 18, 2023 the European Central Bank (ECB) New Technologies for Wholesale settlement Contact Group (NTW-CG) held its second meeting. The Group is exploring how to settle DLT transactions with central bank money, including a wholesale CBDC. The pilots will be open to financial institutions with access to the TARGET payment system, with the onboarding to start later in 2023 and tests to commence in Q2 2024. Three interoperability-type solutions will be tested. Deutsche Bundesbank and Banca d'Italia will test two different non-CBDC solutions that initiate payments on TARGET and use trigger chains to instruct the DLT-based securities settlement platform to transfer ownership of securities as soon as payment is confirmed. The Banque de France will test a wholesale CBDC token option based on its previous trials, in which settlement will be enabled through interoperability with multiple other DLT ledgers.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published the results of its Project Mariana proof of concept that demonstrated technical feasibility of automated market-makers (AMMs) for cross-border trading and settlement of wholesale central bank digital currencies (wCBDCs). It borrows ideas and concepts from decentralized finance (DeFi) and leverages a public blockchain to design and test a transnational transnational FX interbank market using wCBDCs. Project Mariana is a collaboration between the BIS Innovation Hub, the Bank of France, the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Swiss National Bank.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Hub, Banque de France, Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and Swiss National Bank launched Project Mariana, to investigate the use of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols to automate FX trading and settlement. The project will explore the use of automated market makers (AMMs) for the cross-border exchange of hypothetical CHF, EUR and S$ wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC). AMM protocols combine smart contracts with pooled liquidity to price and transfer digital assets automatically.

Binance said it will leave the Netherlands after the company's application to register under the Dutch crypto authorization regime was rejected. Under the current regulatory regime, Binance can only get approval to operate in an European Union (EU) country by registering under its money laundering prevention rules. The firm has so far received such approvals in France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Sweden and Lithuania. This may change once the EU's Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation comes into force at the end of June 2023.

the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) together with the Banque de France and Deutsche Bundesbank, launched Project Leap to build quantum-resistant IT environments for the financial system. It will test the implementation of post-quantum cryptographic protocols in central bank processes, and help to advance the central banking community's knowledge of post-quantum cryptography. A concluding report and the accompanying technical architecture will be published.

The BIS Innovation Hub published a report on Project Leap, a joint project with the Banque de France and Deutsche Bundesbank that addresses the threat that future quantum computers represent to today's cryptographic algorithms, and thereby to the confidentiality of financial data. The report presents a comprehensive overview of the experiments conducted and the initial technical findings, including the successful set up a quantum-safe communication channel between the project participants that shields financial data.

"Project Leap, launched by the BIS Innovation Hub's Eurosystem Centre together with Bank of France and Deutsche Bundesbank, the project partners within the Eurosystem, seeks to build quantum-resistant IT environments for the financial system."

Central African Republic (CAR) President Faustin Archange Touadera reportedly announced the creation of the Sango Coin and a zero-taxation crypto-hub. The currency is named after Sango, which with French is one of the country's two official languages. Through a platform called Crypto Island, the Sango will become "the catalyst for tokenizing (CAR's) vast natural resources," Touadera declared, providing no timeline or other details. In April Touadera's office had announced that the CAR had adopted Bitcoin as legal tender alongside the CFA franc, a currency the country shares with five other central African economies.

BNP Paribas structured and tokenized a project finance bond on the public Ethereum blockchain. The proceeds were used to fund solar energy projects through Électricité de France Energies Nouvelles Reparties (EDF ENR), which helps businesses and individuals install solar panels

The European Central Bank (ECB) has launched a survey targeting potential participants in its trials and experiments for central bank money settlement of wholesale financial transactions recorded on distributed ledger technology (DLT) platforms. The plan is to test three settlement solutions, including two that link to existing euro payment systems (from the central banks of Germany and Italy) and one wholesale CBDC developed by the Banque de France. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/paym/intro/news/ecb.dedocs231013_annex.en.pdf

December 1, 2023 saw the world's first commercial settlements of digital securities transactions with real wholesale CBDC on a regulated distributed ledger technology (DLT) based financial market infrastructure (SDX). One was a CHF 105 million franc digital four-year bond issued by the Canton of Basel-Stadt, and the second was a CHF 100 million digital 11-year bond issued by the Canton of Zurich. The wholesale CBDC was issued by the Swiss National Bank as part of Helvetia III. In addition to the settlement on the SDX platform, part of the settlement took place on SIX SIS, the national central securities depository (CSD) of the Swiss financial market and an International Central Securities Depository (ICSD), which runs a node on SDX.

According to a BearingPoint survey across seven European countries, cash is the most used payment method overall with contactless debit cards second. Cash use is significantly higher in Austria (79%) and Germany (71%), but respondents from Switzerland (63%), Ireland (61%), the Netherlands (57%), and France (55%) also show a relatively high level of cash use. Finland has a significantly lower frequency of cash usage at 43%.

"Proof of reserves is all the rage on crypto platforms. The idea is that if the platform can prove to its customers' satisfaction that their deposits are fully matched by equivalent assets on the platform, their deposits are safe. And if the mechanism they use to prove this uses crypto technology, that's even better. Crypto tech solutions have surely got to be much more reliable than traditional financial accounts and audits - after all, FTX passed a U.S. GAAP audit. No, they aren't. Proof of reserves as done by exchanges like Binance does not prove that customer deposits are safe. It is smoke and mirrors to fool prospective punters into relinquishing their money, just like claims that exchanges and platforms are "audited" or have "insurance". There are no audits in the crypto world, there is no insurance, and as I shall explain, proof of reserves proves absolutely nothing." [Frances Coppola]

Euroclear has invested in Fnality, the blockchain payments consortium formerly known as the Utility Settlement Coin (USC) and owned by 16 major financial institutions. Euroclear operates Central Securities Depositories (CSDs) across Europe, including Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In October, Fnality plans to launch its first payment currency with pounds sterling deposited at the Bank of England. That makes it a so-called wholesale synthetic CBDC where the purpose is for institutions to use it for settlement, especially for blockchain-based transactions.

SWIFT announced further progress on its experimental solution for interlinking central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), reporting that 18 central and commercial banks found "clear potential and value" in the API-based CBDC connector after a comprehensive review. SWIFT published the findings of the 12-week period of collaborative sandbox testing, in which almost 5,000 transactions were simulated between two different blockchain networks and with existing fiat-based payment systems. Sandbox participants included the Banque de France, the Deutsche Bundesbank, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, BNP Paribas, HSBC, Intesa Sanpaolo, NatWest, Royal Bank of Canada, SMBC, Société Générale, Standard Chartered and UBS. Over the coming months SWIFT will develop a beta version of the solution for payments that can be tested further by central banks. A second phase of sandbox testing will also be held, in which the SWIFT community can collaborate further with a focus on new use cases.

The European Central Bank (ECB) published an update on its explorations of central bank money settlement of wholesale transactions on distributed ledger technology (DLT) platforms. Together with interested market players, the Eurosystem intends to test three cross-platform settlement solutions: The first is a "trigger" solution developed by the Deutsche Bundesbank, in which euro central bank money settlement would take place on the existing TARGET settlement system. The second is a "TIPS Hash-Link" solution developed by the Banca d'Italia, in which settlement would take place in an infrastructure based on TIPS, which is currently used for settling instant retail payments. The third is a full-DLT solutions developed by the Banque de France, in which euro central bank money settlement would take place on a DLT platform, operated by the central bank or jointly with other parties.

The European Central Bank (ECB) published the list of the first institutions to participate in its trials of the settlement of wholesale transactions on distributed ledger technology (DLT) based platforms using central bank money. The list is comprised of five central banks, ten institutions, six market DLT operators and five central banks. The trials will involve real transactions as well as mock simulations, with most of the tests focusing on securities settlement. There also plans to consider use cases for payment versus payment (FX) and cross border payment. Three settlement solutions are part of the trials, provided by the central banks of Germany (RTGS-based "trigger" solution), France (wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) solution) and Italy (TIPS Hashlink solution). https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/intro/news/html/ecb.mipnews240403.en.html

Clearstream, Deutsche Börse Group's post-trade business, joins the European Central Bank (ECB) trials and experiments, aimed at exploring the potential of distributed-ledger technology (DLT) for wholesale central bank money settlement. Clearstream aims to assess the feasibility of using DLT for wholesale transaction processing, using tokenized securities, including conducting euro-denominated issuance and delivery-versus-payment (DvP) transactions across different use-cases and payment models. Three solutions will be tested by the central banks of Germany (Trigger solution), France (wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC)) and Italy (TIPS Hashlink).

LCH SA has received the required regulatory approval from the French national competent authorities (ACPR, Banque de France and AMF) and European supervisory authorities (EMIR College, ESMA) to clear cash-settled Bitcoin index futures and options contracts. LCH SA will provide clearing services through its new dedicated service, LCH DigitalAssetClear, for these contracts traded on the UK FCA regulated digital asset derivatives trading venue, GFO-X. LCH DigitalAssetClear is underpinned by a segregated default fund, tailored risk management model and dedicated set of clearing rules. LCH SA plans to launch the clearing service later in 2024.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) announced the first batch of six new projects in its 2024 Innovation Hub work program including experimentations on digital payments cyber security and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Project Leap starts its phase II, aiming to "quantum-proof" payment systems, after successfully establishing a quantum-safe communication channel between the central banks of France and Germany in its first phase. Project Aurum enters a new phase in which it will study the privacy of payments in retail CBDCs. The recently started Project Promissa tests the feasibility of tokenizing promissory notes, financial instruments that help fund multilateral development banks and other international financial institutions. All these new initiatives will be added to existing projects that various Innovation Hub Centres will continue to develop this year:  FuSSE, Gaia, Mandala, mBridge phase III, Nexus phase III, Pyxtrial, Rio and Viridis. https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/about.htm