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With grades students learn to guess the professor's mind and to obey.

The only way to develop independent thinking in the classroom is to give freedom, to break the power relationship by removing the instrument of power

Academic freedom is the ideal under which professors and students are autonomous and design their own development and interactions

LEs were about a change in the way learners used technology to support their learning

PLEs were about reflection on different sources and contexts of learning

PLes were about learners taking control of their own learning.

The PLE is a unique interface into the owners digital environment. It integrates their personal and professional interests (including their formal and informal learning), connecting these via a series of syndicated and distributed feeds. The PLE is also a portfolio system allowing the user to maintain their repository of content and selectively share that content as needed. It is also a profile system, exposing the users interests in a variety of ways allowing automated, but selective search of the individual and their digital contributions. Of course, the PLE is a social as well as an information environment, connecting the user to individuals and cooperative events and activities throughout the Net.

PLEs aren’t an entity, structural object or software program in the sense of a learning management system. Essentially, they are a collection of tools, brought together under the conceptual notion of openness, interoperability, and learner control. As such, they are comprised of two elements - the tools and the conceptual notions that drive how and why we select individual parts. PLEs are a concept-entity. Problem is, however, that we are discussing PLEs as if they were solely an entity - so we compare PLEs with an LMS and other entity-based learning tools…but if PLEs exist at all, they are very personalized and individual