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carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

Girls drugged into puberty, sold as prostitutes : LATEST HEADLINES: India Today - 0 views

indiatoday.intoday.in/...99132.html

Girls drugged into puberty sold as prostitutes

shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 13 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Hundreds of girls are being kidnapped from across the country and brought to two villages in Rajasthan, where they are given injections to hasten their puberty and pushed into prostitution.
  • Forced into puberty, prostitution
  • A Headlines Today team has uncovered the thriving prostitution racket in Sodavas and Girvas villages of the state's Alwar region. The team found that villagers were giving the girls - some of them as young as 10 - repeated and unregulated shots of growth hormone Oxytocin to speed up their sexual maturation. 
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • "Gangs from the Bedia and Nutt communities kidnap girls, give them injections to make them reach puberty. The girls are then sent to Mumbai and even the Gulf for prostitution," said Rishi, a social activist in the area.
  • The kidnapped girls, some of them six-month-old babies, are brought to Sodavas and Girvas from far and wide. They are raised by the villagers "as their own daughters".
  • "Prostitution is a tradition in our community," said Ram Prasad, a village panch. 
  • "Oxytocin causes several hormonal changes. Apart from early puberty, the girls develop feelings of love, trust and sexual arousal. This is how the hormone is being misused," said Dr Anuradha Kapur, gynaecologist at Max Hospital.
  • The results are shocking: girls as young as 6 or 7 years old suddenly grow up to look like teenagers. Even their age on documents is forged.
  • "Giving high, unregulated doses of Oxytocin can affect the centre nervous system, cause seizures and have other side-effects," said Dr Kapur.
  • "The families are into prostitution since generations. They have been doing it since 1947," said Om Prakash Gujjar, a sarpanch.  
  • Police in denial
  • The Rajasthan police, however, denied any prostitution racket in the area or the use of Oxytocin injections on girls. A local police officer told Headlines Today that no complaint had been received about prostitution.
  • Investigators are now focusing on the women in the area who have been issued passports over the last few years. They said there has been a mad rush among the women to travel abroad - a trend that indicates a well-organised international prostitution racket.
  • carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 13 Apr 11
     
    Question: Effects of child prostitution in India Summary: This article mainly brings out the extreme effects of child prostitution in India; which  another one of them is the unregulated use of Oxytocin (hormones injected) to hasten young girls who get kidnapped and hasten puberty and pushed into prostitution. The effects are seen thorough out large areas of the country but mostly  in Mumbai and some other big states in India; the major effects are the girls health and mental conditions. And also the terrible experience some parents have to go trough when they lose their daughters. Reflection: I think this is a good article that shows the effects on those children who get put into prostitution. Their lives get ruined for ever; they never cover completely and those effects are with them for the rest of their lives. Very serious health effects as well as emotional and psychological.  Questions:1.  Why can't some of the parents oppose to that crazy tradition of having prostitution as a way of life.  2. Why don't we see that things get better even though there are a lot of people trying and helping to get this critical issue get somehow fixed? Citation:Hundreds of girls are being kidnapped from across the country and brought to two villages in Rajasthan, where they are given injections to hasten their puberty and pushed into prostitution.
carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

Paradise for pedophiles.(THE FLESH TRADE IN INDIA). - 0 views

0-find.galegroup.com.elibrary.mel.org/...retrieve.do

shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 12 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • The commercial sexual exploitation of children is a serious problem throughout the world, but India's record is one of the world's worst. Of the country's more than 2 million sex workers, a conservatively estimated 300,000 are children, according to UNICEF and other sources. Most of these youngsters are native to India, but some 10,000 are trafficked each year from Nepal and about the same number from Bangladesh.
  • In some brothel areas, at least half of the children are HIV-positive
  • "The problem is typically not so much that laws are inadequate; it is that brothel owners buy the police and the courts" (New York Times, April 3).
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  • These large numbers are in part a reflection of India's very large population, but they are also a result of legal laxity, particularly on the enforcement side; the tenacity and strength of organized crime; and a society in which gender discrimination is still deeply entrenched.
  • This is certainly true of India, where bribing the police is standard operating procedure in red-light districts. In addition to hush money in exchange for not making arrests, the police often get sexual favors.
  • Some of the children forced into prostitution have been kidnapped, some have been caught in the debt-bondage system, and some have been sold outright by their desperately poor families. In
  • some cases the parents may realize what's in store for their daughter, but often they naively believe the go-between's promises of an arranged marriage or a well-paying legitimate job.
  • Many of the child sex recruits are as young as nine or ten, a few as young as seven or eight--and these fetch the highest prices,
  • Brothel children may be subjected to severe physical as well as sexual abuse, especially if they try to resist the client or to escape from their virtual enslavement. Corrupt police return runaway girls to the brothels, while honest police who would like to conduct rescue operations are often stymied because of a dearth of suitable rehabilitative and protective facilities.
  • A public peck on the cheek may be prohibited in India, but child prostitution is tacitly permitted, with many police moonlighting as pimps. That is truly obscene.
  • carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 12 Apr 11
     
    What are the effects of child prostitution in Mumbai?/// Summary: This article mainly talks about the the extreme abuse and health effects that children are going through in Mumbai and other parts of India. Mainly the christian view of a person who sounds to be annoyed by how India's society views a simple kiss in the cheek and how prostitution seems to be something no one worries about. And the worse part is that the police are a huge part of that complex and sad issue. Reflection: I thought this article was something interesting to read because not only sounds so contradicting to think about  how the Indian culture worries more about sticking to their "religious/social values" of dignity and purity and specially to women; when the country is already upside down with the whole prostitution disease. Its so ironic to me.  Questions: 1. What reaction would people in India (Mumbai )have if they were asked to give their personal opinion about this whole situation. 2.What would happen if someone from a different country were to publicly talk about this issue and try to make the parents and people realize about what their doing. 3. What about their religious point of view?/ are their gods okay with them being brothels and being those who take advantage of these children?   Source CitationPeerman, Dean. "Paradise for pedophiles." The Christian Century 124.15 (2007): 10+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 12 Apr. 2011.
carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

Girl, woman, lover, mother: towards a new understanding of child prostitution among you... - 0 views

0-galenet.galegroup.com.elibrary.mel.org/...hits

shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 25 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Click on a document type to go directly to a list of results of that type. (3) Girl, woman, lover, mother: towards a new understanding of child prostitution among young Devadasis in rural Karnataka, India. Treena Rae Orchard. Social Science & Medicine.  June 15, 2007 v64 i12 p2379(12). Author's Abstract: The emotive issue of child prostitution is at the heart of international debates over 'trafficking' in women and girls, the "new slave trade", and h
  • w these phenomena are linked with globalization, sex tourism, and expanding transnational economies.
  • Based on ethnographic fieldwork with girls and young women who are part of the Devadasi (servant/slave of the God) system of sex work in India, this paper introduces an alternative example of child prostitution.
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  • I argue that this embeddedness works to create, inform, and give meaning to these girls as they grow up in this particular context, not to isolate and produce totally different experiences of family, gender identity, and moral character as popular accounts of child prostitution contend.
  • Taken together, this alternative example presents a more complex understanding of the micro- and macro-forces that impact child prostitution as well as the many factors that affect the girls' ideas of what they do and who they are as people, not just sex workers.
  • carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 25 Mar 11
     
    Summary: Reflection: Questions: CItation
carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

Assam's missing women and the sex trade - 0 views

news.bbc.co.uk/...6430811.stm

Assam's missing women and the sex trade

shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 18 Feb 11 - Cached
  • Assam's missing women and the sex trade
  • The biggest problem in India's north-eastern state of Assam is separatist militancy. But it faces another, less well known issue. Thousands of its women, old and young, have gone missing over the past 10 years.
  • 3,184 women and 3,840 female children have gone missing in the state since 1996.
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  • That's around two females a day on average.
  • Our counter-insurgency commitments affects our normal policing duties like checking trafficking."
  • The Assam police recently rescued some girls working as call-girls around Delhi or used as "sex slaves" by wealthy landlords in states like Punjab and Haryana.
  • of them are from camps of internally displaced people do
  • Tamil Sinhala More
  • tting Assam, particularly the Kokrajhar district.
  • The police survey revealed an organised racket of "recruiters" who lured good-looking women with job offers outside the state.
  • The parents are paid a few thousand rupees in advance, and told the daughters will send back money once they start working.
  • "At least 20 girls have gone away with the jobs from our camp, not to return again."
  • Most families are cagey about the missing girls but some do speak up.
  • Tuilal Mardi of Tablegaon village says "My parents accepted the offer and sent my sister away."
  • "They got a few thousand rupees but she never came back or sent any money."
  • "Ethnic conflicts all over the world results in massive displacement of women and that gives rise to heavy trafficking - the situation in Assam is no different."
  • Some show up in local pornographic films.
  • local girls were used in a pornographic films racket run by a local leader.
  • A hotel in the town was used for the filming.
  • The girls were first lured into the hotel with job offers, then offered soft drinks laced with sedatives.
  • Not all missing girls in Assam are from displaced peoples camps, though.
  • "All across hotels and resorts in places like Delhi and Bombay, you will find hundreds of girls from Assam and other north-eastern states working as waitresses or customer executives.
  • The Calcutta Research Group, in its recent study on conflict-induced displacement says that the displaced people in Assam live in acute poverty.
  • The situation has led the women in particular to desperately seek work elsewhere; even if the offers come from dubious people.
  • "This is not a local or even a national problem."
  • "This reflects the global reality, so intervention by international organisations may help check trafficking."
  • carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 18 Feb 11
     
    Summary: Reflection:  Questions:  CItation: 
carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

Student Edition  Document - 0 views

0-find.galegroup.com.elibrary.mel.org/...retrieve.do

shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 25 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • During last summer's debate over the passage of the 1994 crime bill the press virtually ignored a provision that had support on both sides of the congressional aisle.
  • he Mann Act,
  • combat the sexual abuse of children
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  • It is estimated that 1 million children are enslaved in prostitution in Asia, and the problem is growing in other parts of the world.
  • Under the provisions of the new bill, it is illegal for U.S. citizens and permanent-resident aliens to travel abroad to engage in sexual acts with minors. Americans now can be prosecuted under U.S.laws for sexually exploiting children in other countries.
  • orced to service up to 15 customers per night, they are locked in their rooms or chained to their beds, and beaten if they balk at cooperating. Occasionally, a tragic incident makes headlines.
  • HE SEXUAL exploitation of children is big business, generating billions of dollars in income each year for traffickers, pimps, tourism promoters and the owners of brothels, hotels and bars
  • THE BIG INCREASE in the sexual exploitation of children is due to a complex of factors
  • Lack of educational or job opportunities contributes to families' decisions to put their daughters on the market.
carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

India's shame: sexual slavery and political corruption are leading to an AIDS catastrop... - 0 views

find.galegroup.com/...retrieve.do

child prostitution in India

shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 18 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • India's shame: sexual slavery and political corruption are leading to an AIDS catastrophe.(Cover Story).
  • There are over 100,000 female prostitutes in Bombay, India, most of them indentured slaves and over 50% of them infected with HIV. It is estimated that by the end of the 20th century one out of every six Indian residents will be infected, with 10,000 people dying every month in Bombay alone.
  • He was offering 600 rupees a month, or $20, a fortune to subsistence farmers scratching out a living in this tiny, landlocked Hindu kingdom in the Himalayas.
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  • She knew that if she stayed at home she would become a burden to her father, who couldn't afford to pay a dowry to a prospective bridegroom's family. It is still common for Hindu brides who renege on their dowries to be drenched in kerosene and ritually burned to death.
  • Mira was delivered to a brothel on Bombay's notorious Falkland Road, where, in an area as vast as Manhattan's Central Park, tens of thousands of young women in brightly colored saris are displayed in row after row of zoo-like animal cages.
  • When Mira, a sweet-faced virgin with golden brown skin, refused to have sex, she was dragged into a torture chamber in a dark alley used for "breaking in" new girls.
  • "They torture you until you say yes," Mira recently recounted during an interview here. "Nobody hears your cries."
  • he madam told Mira that she had been sold to the brothel for 50,000 rupees (about $1,700), and that she had to work until she paid offher debt. But girls like Mira are given only a fraction of their fees and then have to pay the madam for rent, electricity and food
  • During that time, if the young woman doesn't succumb to AIDS, malaria or TB, she is a sex slave.
  • Currently, there are an estimated 5 million H.I.V.-infected people in India
  • And if she were to escape, where would she go?
  • Today, at the age of 35, no longer a prostitute, she runs a small tea shop in a teeming Bombay slum.
  • here are more than 100,000 female prostitutes in Bombay, Asia's largest sex bazaar. Ninety percent are indentured slaves, with as many as half trafficked from Nepal, according to human rights groups. Twenty percent of Bombay's commercial sex workers are under 18. Child prostitutes as young as 9 fetch up to 60,000 rupees, or $2,000, at auctions where Arabs from the Persian Gulf bid against Indian men who believe sleeping with a virgin cures gonorrhea and syphilis. "There are lots of rich men in India who can afford to buy virgins so they won't get AIDS," says Maureen Aung-Thwin, a Human Rights Watch official. "Men brag about it."
  • Actually, more than half of Bombay's prostitutes are infected with H.I.V
  • With as many as 10 million prostitutes, India is in the throes of an AIDS pandemic, and Bombay is the epicenter. India's illicit flesh trade, then, is not just a daunting human rights problem but the source of one of the world's worst health crises.
  • Typically, it takes up to fifteen years for them to purchase their freedom.
  • And in Bombay, top politicians and police officials don't care because they are in league with the mafia that runs the fabulously lucrative flesh trade, exchanging blanket protection for cash payoffs and donations to campaign war chests. The corruption reaches the top rung of the ruling Congress party in New Delhi, which faces national elections this spring
  • Surveying the bleak panorama of sexual slavery, corruption and neglect, Dr. Hira predicts nothing less than a medical holocaust.
  • The pogroms were spearheaded by the Hindu underclass. The children of the upper bourgeoisie, who speed around Bombay's congested streets in Jeep Cherokees with tinted windows, have decidedly different interests, however. A recent survey at a well-to-do suburban high school found that 70 percent of the students wanted a career in organized crime. "Good money and good fun," said one student.
  • Although prostitution is legal in India, brothel keeping, living off the earnings of a prostitute, soliciting or seducing for the purposes of prostitution are all punishable offenses.
  • There are severe penalties for child prostitution as well as the trafficking of women.
  • But as I was to learn, anything can be bought in the tenderloin district--from black-market kidneys and corneas for transplants, to newborn babies.
  • a 30-year-old social worker who has spent five years in the red-light district, urging prostitutes to use condoms.
  • As young boys they are abandoned or sold by their families to a sex cult; the boys are taken into the jungle, where a priest cuts off their genitals in a ceremony called nirvana.
  • Though on average the girls see six customers a day, who pay between $1.10 and $2 per sex act, the madam gets the money up front.
  • The 13-year-old child was dressed in European-style skirts and blouses and taken to luxury hotels to serve mostly Arab clients until a suspicious hotel manager finally called the police. Hospitalized, Tulasa was found to be suffering from three types of venereal disease and tuberculosis. Subsequent revelations about police complicity in child prostitution rocked the political establishment.
  • In 1985, India end Nepal signed a treaty for the rescue and repatriation of Nepa lese girls enslaved in India's brothels. Tulasa was sent to a sanitarium in Nepal and has repeatedly tried to commit suicide.
  • Dr. Thanekar said after I told him what I'd seen. "Bombay is a flesh bargain" for them, he added.
  • "We are concerned about child prostitution, but the government is not."
  • Murli Deora is a political powerhouse. A member of Parliament from India's ruling Congress party, he chairs two influential committees--one that sets guidelines for avoiding l conflicts of interest and corruption in government, and another that oversees the awarding of government contracts. He represents the 2 million people of South Central Bombay, which includes the tenderloin as well as the city's poshest neighborhoods. "The poorest of the poor and the richest of the rich live in my district,"
  • "Child prostitution certainly is not legal," I pushed on. "Girls as young as 9 are working as prostitutes in your district. Why don't you have the police crack down on it?" "The government is aware of child prostitution, but it's not doing much," Deora admitted tersely.
Eun A Jang

Child Sex Market: The international exploitation of children for pornography and prosti... - 0 views

find.galegroup.com/gtx/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28ke%2CNone%2C5%29INDIA%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28ke%2CNone%2C5%29CHILD%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28ke%2CNone%2C12%29PROSTITUTION%3AAnd%3ALQE%

India Child Prostitution

shared by Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • young prostitutes suspected of carrying the AIDS virus, chased from their brothels, quarantined by police, ostracized by their own familie
  • ou cannot find any worse succession of violations of basic rights," said Colin Gonsalves, a legal activist in Bombay, where the women were first detained.
  • A college survey of the detained prostitutes found that 41 per cent said they wanted to return to their brothels
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  • "They feel their lives were ruined. They feel they really have no human capital in them."
  • 20 per cent of the detained prostitutes said they were under 18 years of age, and another 46 per cent said they were between 18 and 21.
  • Ms. Fernandes said the number of minors and children is probably much higher, as many girls overstate their age to avoid police harassment.
  • Prostitution is not a crime in India, although both soliciting and sexual contact with children under 18 are.
  • About 100 more Nepalese women refused to leave Bombay, telling counsellors they intended to return to their places of work.
  • An estimated 100,000 Nepalese women and girls work in Indian brothels.
  • "This is a very short-sighted, emotional reaction by these NGOs," said Harish Joshi, a dentist. "Maybe they can handle 100 girls, but what happens if India sends back 1,000 or 50,000? Will their families accept them? Will they go back to their old jobs? Probably.
  • She pleaded with the home's managers not to let her go back to the village that had sold her into prostitution before she was 16
  • She was kicked out of her father's house five years ago only to land in a carpet factory and then in a Bombay brothel, and doubts anyone will come for her
  • "I know my father will not come," she said. "But I want to see him once to tell him what I went through."
    • Eun A Jang
      Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11
       
      Further Questions: 1. How many children are rescued by the organization who wants to stop child trafficking? 2. What are the major countries in South Asia that children come from? 3. How does the India government deal with illegal prostitution trade? Citation: "The Child Sex Market: The international exploitation of children for pornography and prostitution Fifth in a 7-part series AIDS fears prompt brothel raids.(News)." Globe & Mail [Toronto, Canada] 29 Aug. 1996: A12. InfoTrac Newsstand. Web. 15 Feb. 2011.
  • Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11
     
    Research Question: What is the real situation of children's trafficking? Why can't they go back to their family even when they are rescued? Summary : Young prostitutes suspected of carrying AIDS virus and other diseases. According to a college survey found that 41 percent of detained prostitutes said that they want to return to their brothels. Twenty percent of the detained prostitutes said they were under 18,and another 46 percent said they were between 18 and 21. But the experts think that there are higher percentage of minors because many girls overstate their age to avoid police harassment. Even if the child was sent back to home, they are most likely to go back to their old jobs.  Reflection : This is even worse than what I thought. The most sad thing is that they feel ok or safe when they are deprived of their human rights. Most of the prostitution in India are sold by their own family or to make their family's livelihood. Also, it is not their fault that they are working as prostitutions, but many people see them negatively. Child prostitution in India was not only the matter of Indian children, but children from other countries in South Asia.
Eun A Jang

Using minors in prostitution is a billion dollar industry in the city - Mumbai - DNA - 0 views

www.dnaindia.com/...r-industry-in-the-city_1083952

Rural Prostitution India

shared by Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • n recent years, the financial capital of the country has emerged as one of the leading markets for trafficked minors who engage in prostitution or, in other words, the commercial sexual abuse of a minor.
  • trafficking of minor girls is a $1-billion-a-year industry,
  • it is thriving due to increased sex tourism in Mumbai, Goa and adjoining coastal areas
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Edging past North-Eastern states, poverty-stricken rural areas of Maharashtra — Beed, Latur, Solapur, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar, Nandurbar, Chandrapur, Washim, Akola, Buldhana, Dhule and the Konkan region — have emerged as one of the biggest suppliers of minors.
  • Girls as little as seven and eight-years-old are being forced into prostitution,
  • Affluent businessmen, some members of the film and advertising industries, diamond merchants and politicians form the “select” clientele who source minors.
  • 30 per cent increase from previous years,
  • Poverty due to prolonged drought, mounting farm debts, unemployment and lack of livelihood are the triggering factors, which are forcing parents to send their daughters out of town for employment
  • Even when girls are rescued, families are unwilling to take them bac
  • Nearly 45 per cent — 1.8 lakh — are minors,”
  • Nepal and Bangladesh are the biggest exporters of trafficked minors and women in South Asia.
  • about 35,000 Nepalese nationals in Mumbai’s red-light areas, social activists insist the number is closer to one lakh. A majority of them are minors.
  • The Children (India) states that clients today prefer girls as young as 10 years.
  • “The victims are subjected to the worst form of torture if they do not ‘perform’ with the clients,”
  • “Most are denied food, water and toilet facilities, and regular beatings are an ‘integral’ part of their lives.”
  • Every minor girl is subjected to a probation period of three years. During this time, she is not allowed to meet or interact with others in the brothel, and kept in a locked room.
  • he same people who are supposed to uphold the laws of the country are the ones involved in the trade, says a social activist.
  • A fair minor fetches between Rs1-1.5 lakh for a night, and a dusky one is sold for between Rs75,000-1.25 lakh.
  • Since 1986, the age of girls entering prostitution has gradually declined. In 1998, the average age of girls was 18 years. By 2000, it was 15. In 2003, minors as young as 12 were freely available.
  • “The fear of HIV has increased demand for minors,” says Acharya. “However, it is not easy for clients to get them. They are only sourced to a select clientele known to the brothel keepers. Fearing torture, minors do not dare to venture out of the locked room
  • The Mumbai police recently launched a special juvenile aid police unit (JAPU) to tackle the menace
  • For saleFair minor: Between Rs1-1.5 lakh for a nightDusky minor: Between Rs75,000-1.25 lakh for a nightAge profile 1998: Girls as young as 18 years2000: Girls as young as 15 years2003: Girls as young as 12 yearsToday: Girls as young as 8 yearsThe horrors of the trade Client listAffluent businessmen, members of film and advertising industries, diamond merchants and politicians form the “select” clientele.Shocking riseTrafficking in minor girls has seen an estimated 30 per cent increase from previous years. The dark sideVictims are subjected to the worst form of torture if they do not ‘perform’ with the clients. Most are denied food, water and toilet facilities. Regular beatings are an ‘integral’ part of their lives.
  • Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11
     
    Question: what is the main reason for the children trafficking? Summary: Mumbai has become one of the leading market for trafficked minors who engage in prostitution(the commercial sexual abuse of minor. The profit of trafficking of minor girls is a $1-billion a year. The main area of supplying minors is North-Eastern states where the poverty is usual. Affluent businessmen, some members of the film and advertising industries, diamond merchants and politicians are the main clients. 30% increased from previous year. Nepal and Bangladesh are the biggest  exporters of trafficked minors and women in South Asia. Children are used as not only sexual purposes but also being tortured. Reflection: I was really shocked that the police officers are involved in this trade, and they said the trade will not be survived without the helping of patrons. It was also really said that even ten-year-old girls who should be and be studying at school are involved in this sad situation. Shockingly, the clients of children trafficking prefer minors just because they want to avoid the disease like AIDS. I just cannot believe having horrible such a idea like this. It seems like government doesn't do much on this issues. Further Questions: 1. How much is about Rs 1lakh in US dollars? 2. Why doesn't government seem to deal with this issues much even when medium informs the danger of this trade? 3. In what route, children from other South Asia countries can come into India? Citation: Desshpande, Haima. "Using minors in prostitution is a billion dollar industry in the city." Daily News & Analysis 9 Mar. 2007. Web. 15 Feb. 2011. .
Eun A Jang

New law to target sex workers' clients - Times Of India - 0 views

articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...ment-human-trafficking-clients

laws against child sex trafficking

shared by Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Government is set to amend the Immoral Traffic Prevention Act to bring clients under its ambit, rendering them liable to imprisonment upto six months and a fine extending upto Rs 50,000.
  • The Union Cabinet will take up on Thursday the Immoral Traffic Prevention (Amendment) Bill to enhance the punishment for those involved in human trafficking for sex, and include clients among the offenders.
  • The proposed amendment, which defines the client as "a person who visits or is found in a brothel," has run into angry protests from sex workers and NGOs.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The proposed amendments, as recommended by Parliament's standing committee, also provide for stricter punishment. For instance, "any person who keeps or manages a brothel" will now be liable for rigorous imprisonment of two years which may extend to three years and a fine which may extend to Rs 10,000 for a first conviction.
  • This may increase to seven years and a fine of Rs 2 lakh. For a person caught trafficking, the punishment can extend up to life imprisonment.
  • provision for setting up of a central authority that will work towards combating and prevention of trafficking.
  • NGOs and sex workers' associations, who have for long demanded that commercial sex be legalised, have carried out widespread protests.
  • ITPA had been tabled in Parliament last year and was referred to a standing committee. The recommendations of the committee were incorporated by the ministry of women and child development before the proposed legislation was made public.
  • Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11
     
    Research question : Why does India become a hub of child prostitution? Summary : The Government embark on the amendment of Immoral Traffic Prevention Act to provide stricter punishment to target sex workers. The amendment will be to enhance the law of human trafficking for sex including clients. They proposed specific definition for client as "a person who visits or is found in brothel." There is possibilities that the level of punishment will increase. Person who involves in brothel can be imprisoned for life and pays a fine of Rs 2 lakh. This amendment will prevent growing industry of sex trafficking. Sex workers' association carried out widespread protests. Reflection : Amending the ITPA act will bring big change in human trafficking industry. Since the flaw of the law was the one of the biggest reason that India is becoming one of the biggest industry of human trafficking. Although proposed amendment is targeting general prostitution industry, I believe this can be a positive effect for the child prostitution. I was surprised that the ministries of children and the women were the starters of this amendment. It gives hope that many people are working on the improvement of protection for children as well. Rs 2 lakh is about $5000 in US dollars. I believe this is really big money for Indian people. I'm hoping this amendment will be a big help for prevention of sex trafficking.
Eun A Jang

Laws on Child Sexual Abuse in India- Pushpa Venkatraman | Child Sexual Abuse | Relevant... - 0 views

www.karmayog.org/...childsexabuse_3301.htm

laws on child sex trafficking India in

shared by Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11 - Cached
  • According to The Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 1 defines “the child” as “every human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier”.
  • The Indian Penal Code defines the child as being 12 years of age, whereas the Indian Traffic Prevention Act, 1956 defines a ‘minor’ as a person who has completed the age of 16 years but not 18 years.
  • Section 376 of IPC, which punishes the perpetrators of the crime of rape, defines the age of consent to be below 16 years of age, whereas Section 82 & 83 of the IPC states that nothing is an offence done by a child under 7 years, and further under 12 years, till he has attained sufficient maturity of understanding the nature of the Act and the consequences of his conduct on that occasion.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The major weakness of these laws is that only penile penetration is considered a grave sexual offence.
  •   Although section 377, dealing with unnatural offences, prescribes seven to ten years of imprisonment, such cases can be tried in a magistrates court, which can impose maximum punishment of three years.
  • there is no law for repeated offenses against the one child.
  • The gravity of the offence under section 509, dealing with obscene gestures, is less. Yet even in such cases, the child’s psyche may be affected as severely as in a rape.
  • the definition of trafficking goes beyond trafficking for commercial sex. The proposed document has specific sections dealing with various offences against children, including sale/transfer, sexual assault, sexual/physical/emotional abuse, commercial sexual exploitation, child pornography, grooming for sexual purpose, incest, corporal punishment, bullying and economic exploitation.
  • There also exists a differential definition for “boys and girls”. This is clearly seen in the Juvenile Justice Act, which defines a male minor as being below 16 years and a female minor as being below 18 years of age. In the Indian context the age of an individual in order to be determined as a “child” is NOT uniformly defined. The consequence of this is that it offers various gaps in the legal procedure which is used by the guilty to escape punishment.
  • There is an urgent need to clarify variety of sexual activities that are involved to constitute Child Sexual Abuse as also the age of the child.
  • Child abuse cases are handled under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, which are laws meant for adults
  • The Offences Against Children Bill, 2005, in circulation since January this year, is hailed by child rights activists as a landmark document; it is the first time that a law specifically aimed at protecting children's rights has been under debate.
  • "So far there was not a single law aimed at safeguarding children and protecting them against abuse. Offences against children were so far booked under laws under the IPC, which at times failed to result in prosecution and conviction simply for the reason that crimes involving children need to be handled with different tools," said Rajmangal Prasad, director, Pratidhi, another NGO active in the field of child rights. According to him, if the proposed draft does become law, it will go a long way to check child trafficking because specific sections in the draft deal with precisely this issue.
  • With the aid of public interest lawyers across the country, Maharukh Adenwala, a senior lawyer practicing in child protection laws in the High Court, has initiated the National Campaign on Law for Child Sexual Abuse
  • the IPC and the Juvenile Justice Act because these laws do not separately cover persons who commit crimes against children and some other categories of children under various circumstances of abuse, exploitation and neglect.
  • As the first paragraph of the document states, "although India has the second largest child population in the world, there is no separate legislation to deal with offences against children"
  • Eun A Jang on 25 Mar 11
     
    Research question: Why does India become a hub of child prostitution? Summary : There are many flaws in the laws of children in India. There are various definition of a child in the different laws. For example, the Indian Penal Code defines a child as being 12 years old, whereas the Indian Traffic Prevention Act uses the word 'minor' as a person who has completed the age of 16 years but not 18 years. Maharukh Adenwala, a senior lawyer practicing in child protection in the High Court, has begun the National Campaign on Law of Child Sexual Abuses. The laws that they are working on has precise legal procedure to strengthen the power of the children protection laws. However, the activists expect this bill will take long time to complete because child trafficking issues will be complicated. Reflection : As I research more about on my topic, I could find out that the laws in India for the protections of children are not sufficient. There were many flaws so that the traffickers can escape from penalties that they should get. The definition of a child varies in the laws in India. I'm really curious how this can be happened. The laws for children is just the extension of the laws for women, and it clearly shows that the government must haven't given much attention to the field of protection for children. It is great new that the senior lawyer in the high court began the campaign that involves child sexual abuse. It is great news that they have planned more precisely to make better laws for the children. Further questions : 1. How long will it take to complete the law for children's protection? 2. How long have they completed so far since they begun this campaign in 2007? 3. What causes the conflicts in the laws pertaining to the definition of a child? Citation :  Venkatraman, Pushpa. "Laws on Child Sexual Abuse in Inida." Karmayog. Karmayog.org, n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. .
carmen Rodriguez-Martinez

The Streets Where the Average Age of a Prostitute Is 14.(The Arts/Cultural Desk)(TELEVI... - 1 views

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shared by carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 02 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • The Streets Where the Average Age of a Prostitute Is 14.(The Arts/Cultural Desk)(TELEVISION REVIEW 'SLAVE GIRLS OF INDIA').
  • There are more than 60 million child laborers in India, she tells us from New Delhi, where she begins by chatting up a tiny, beautiful street vendor.
  • girls who work 16-hour days as house servants. Underscoring her point, time-lapse photography documents a child doing housework as a clock ticks the hours away.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • there are half a million ''sex slaves'' in India, and that the average age of a prostitute is 14.
  • At one point she goes undercover and is shown young girls in a brothel. ''Really good baby beauty,'' the madam says, describing one. (The brief statements by Indians here, seen as subtitles, are the most concise and powerful words in this report.)
  • In the end some girls are rescued, while others' fates seem undecided. To help two sisters earn legitimate wages, Ms. Ling buys them a sewing machine.
  • carmen Rodriguez-Martinez on 02 Mar 11
     
    The New York company, is giving a pre-view of the second story they have done a documentary about one the most controversial issues happening in India today. Child prostitution, mainly they cover stories of particular people who they then interview, and in some occasions present their stories in TV  channels. They interview a girl, and some woman who talk about their horrifying experiences and give crazy statistics about the situation in their country  Named Works: Slave Girls of India (Motion picture)Source CitationStewart, Susan. "The Streets Where the Average Age of a Prostitute Is 14.(The Arts/Cultural Desk)(TELEVISION REVIEW 'SLAVE GIRLS OF INDIA')." New York Times 23 June 2007: B19(L). New York Times. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=SPN.SP00&docId=A165485384&source=gale&srcprod=SP00&userGroupName=lom_accessmich&version=1.0
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