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Under what conditions do people sharing a common resource develop sustainable ways of cooperating? Vollan and Ostrom (Nobel eonomics prize winner) provide an overview of recent experiments with people involving the forests of Ethiopia. Many different factors affect the outcomes, e.g., group's distance to markets--do not expect a simple counter-picture to Hardin's simple model of the tragedy of the commons. P.S. You can get access to the full text by signing into Science magazine via the UMB library, but here's the summary of the article: Sustainably managing common natural resources, such as fisheries, water, and forests, is essential for our long-term survival. Many analysts have assumed, however, that people will maximize short-term self-benefits-for example, by cutting as much firewood as they can sell-and warned that this behavior will inevitably produce a "tragedy of the commons" (1), such as a stripped forest that no longer produces wood for anyone. But in laboratory simulations of such social dilemmas, the outcome is not always tragedy. Instead, a basic finding is that humans do not universally maximize short-term self-benefits, and can cooperate to produce shared, long-term benefits (2, 3). Similar findings have come from field studies of commonly managed resources (6-7). It has been challenging, however, to directly relate laboratory findings to resource conditions in the field, and identify the conditions that enhance cooperation. On page 961 of this issue, Rustagi et al. (8) help fill this gap. In an innovative study of Ethiopia's Oromo people, they use economic experiments and forest growth data to show that groups that had a higher proportion of "conditional cooperators" were more likely to invest in forest patrols aimed at enforcing firewood collection rules-and had more productive forests. They also show that other factors, including a group's distance to markets and the quality of its leadership, influenced the success of cooperati

The idea arose in the second section that the cycle of soil erosion and restoration in the case from Oaxaca might continue into the future. I was skeptical about future restoration, but this article (from a village 200km away) shows that positive change can happen. It also speaks to the issue of how common resources can get managed.