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shawna ford

Log In - ProQuest - 0 views

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    Music as a health patterning modality for preterm infants in the NICU Neal, Diana Odland . University of Minnesota, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3330515. Turn on hit highlighting for speaking browsers Hide highlighting Abstract (summary) Translate Abstract Preterm birth is on the rise causing neonatal mortality and is a major determinant of early childhood mortality and morbidity in the United States. Numerous preterm infants suffer from neurological disability including cerebral palsy; visual and hearing impairments; learning difficulties; and, psychological, behavioral, and social problems. This increasing incidence of prematurity, prevalence of significant morbidity, and burden to society, both personal and cost-related, make it imperative to identify developmental care strategies such as music that might reduce this burden . This study integrates the work of music therapy, neuroscience, audiology, and medicine with nursing to address the uncertainty regarding the effect of music as a holistic health patterning modality and discover if preterm infant physiological and neurobehavioral state responses to music and ambient noise are different. The goal of this study was to establish a foundation for further research related to the use of music with preterm infants and to address the issue of safety in providing music as a health patterning modality for this population. Forty-one clinically stable, non-ventilated, appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm infants from 32 to 35 weeks gestation in a large, urban Midwest Children's Hospital NICU were included in this study. An interrupted time-series design with repeated measures was used to explore the health patterning responses of preterm infants to an intentionally designed music intervention of recorded piano music. The effect of the music was measured every 30-seconds before, during, and after the sound condition of music or ambient noise by observi
Maelani Parker

United Families - Divorce - 0 views

  • Society's cavalier attitude towards marriage and divorce is not a positive phenomenon and has perpetuated a cycle of failed marriages and a lengthy list of associated social problems detrimental to children and to adults
  • nto the divorce culture, notions of same-sex marriage, or any form of contemporary sexual liberation. We must regenerate a culture that understand the significance of marriage and in so doing give our children back their lives and their most basic human right — their mother and father bound together in a faithful marriage covenant.
  • “Divorce can be deceptive — legally it is a single event but psychologically it is a chain, sometimes a never ending chain, of events, relocations and radically shifting relationships strung through time, a process that forever changes the lives of people involved
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  • “A culture of divorce soothes children with antidepressants, consoles them with storybooks on divorce and watches over their lives from family court.”
  • “It does not take a village to raise a child. It takes loving, responsible parents, two of them, together for the duration.”
  • divorce negatively impacts husbands, wives and children
  • By almost every measure, children of divorce fare worse than their peers in intact families. The children of divorce are more likely to engage in behaviors that lead to higher rates of crime, drug use, child abuse, poor educational performance, higher incidence of behavioral, emotional, physical, and psychiatric problems. Such behavior set in motion a downward cycle of dysfunctional behavior and despair that compounds those problems for their own children and future generations of children. Because of divorce, increasing numbers of children live in economic insecurity and disadvantage, including fragile and unstable family households.
  • Mounting evidence in social science journals demonstrates that the devastating physical, emotional and financial effects that divorce has on children can last well into adulthood and affect future generations
  • The devastation children feel on the heels of their parents' divorce is similar to the way they feel when a parent suddenly dies
  • Divorce changes the very nature of childhood
  • Divorce can sever the crucial bond between a child and one or both of his or her parents. And tragically, divorce has brought about a mass exodus of fathers away from close association with their children.
  • The family comprises the scaffolding upon which children mount successive developmental stages, from infancy to adolescence. It supports their psychological, physical, and emotional ascent into maturity. When that structure collapses, the child is left impoverished, both economically and emotionally
  • research has shown that a child is better off if the parents resolve their differences and the family remains together, even if the long-term relationship is less than perfect
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    This family not only shows the negative results of divorce for children, but it also emphasizes the importance of the opposite. Marriage is shown to be fundamental for children. This fall sunder the categories of divorce and home environment and exposure.
Maelani Parker

John W. Whitehead: The Breakdown of the Traditional Family - 0 views

  • According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of unmarried-couple households with children has risen to more than 1.7 million -- up from under 200,000 in 1970. Moreover, there are 9.8 million single mothers versus 1.8 million single fathers.
  • nearly 40 percent of all U.S. children are now born out of wedlock.
  • Thus, it stands to reason that without stable families, we can have no hope of producing self-reliant, responsible citizens.
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  • Since 1974, about 1 million children per year have seen their parents divorce -- and children who are exposed to divorce are two to three times more likely than their peers in intact marriages to suffer from serious social or psychological pathologies. In their book Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, sociologists Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur found that 31% of adolescents with divorced parents dropped out of high school, compared to 13% of children from intact families. They also concluded that 33% of adolescent girls whose parents divorced became teen mothers, compared to 11% of girls from continuously married families. And McLanahan and her colleagues have found that 11% of boys who come from divorced families end up spending time in prison before the age of 32, compared to 5% of boys who come from intact homes. ... Sociologist Paul Amato estimates that if the United States enjoyed the same level of family stability today as it did in 1960, the nation would have 750,000 fewer children repeating grades, 1.2 million fewer school suspensions, approximately 500,000 fewer acts of teenage delinquency, about 600,000 fewer kids receiving therapy, and approximately 70,000 fewer suicides every year.
  • The solution, if there is one, is to be found where the problems start: with each man, woman and child taking responsibility for keeping their family together
  • look around at what's left of our neighborhoods, our communities and our families, and put our children first.
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    In this article I am focusing only on the things I have highlighted. I am simply exploring different areas in which the decline of the traditional family structure is having an effect on us as a whole, us as individuals, and us as a future nation.
Maelani Parker

The effect of parents' employment on outcomes for children | Joseph Rowntree Foundation - 0 views

  • Parents' employment patterns can have long-term consequences for their children's development
  • measured the impact on young people of having spent less time with their parents when they were young because of work arrangement
  • Although full-time work increased family income, less time for mothers to interact with their families tended to reduce children's later educational attainment
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  • - reduce the child's chances of obtaining A-level qualifications or their equivalent; - increase the child's risk of unemployment and other economic inactivity in early adulthood; - increase the child's risk of experiencing psychological distress as a young adult; - reduce the chances of daughters giving birth before the age of 21
  • The effects of fathers' employmen
  • - reduce the child's risk of unemployment and other economic inactivity in early adulthood; - reduce the child's risk of experiencing psychological distress as a young adult; - reduce the child's chances of obtaining A-level qualifications or their equivalen
  • The pre-school years are particularly important for a child's development
  • This suggests that longer periods of full-time employment by mothers when thei
  • children were pre-schoolers reduced children's educational attainments because of the reduction in the time available to spend with the child in these formative years
  • Children of more highly educated parents tended to have higher educational attainment
  • Higher earnings capacity for either parent was generally associated with higher educational attainments for their child and a lower risk of giving birth before the age of 21 for their daughter
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    This article shows many statistics on parents who spend time working outside the home. It focuses particularly on mothers and the pre-school years. This is relevant to my subtopic that focuses on education.
Maelani Parker

Divorce And How It Affects A Child - 0 views

  • There is much controversy about how divorce affects children. Many studies show that, to a child, divorce is equivalent to the pain of the death of the parent. There is a great loss, with grief and sadness, and confusion for the children. Children most always believe that they are the cause of the divorce. They think that the parent who left, actually left them or left because of them and that the parent doesn't love them anymore. Often the parents are so consumed in their own grief or turmoil that they fail to see the devastating effects of the breakup on the children.
  • Divorce affects children adversely in many ways. Children of divorce have more difficulty in school, more behavior problems, they often have low self esteem and think they are worthless and bad, more problems with peers and more trouble getting along with their parents.
  • Divorce can adversely affect a child, from their behavior, school, employment, relationships, and future marriage.
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  • Studies regarding teenage and adult females, parental divorce has been associated with lower self esteem, promiscuity and greater delinquent behaviors, as well as, difficulty maintaining long-term relationships. Girls experience the emotional loss of the father directly and personally. They believe it is a direct rejection of them. Many girls attribute this rejection to not being pretty enough, affectionate enough, athletic enough, smart enough, etc.
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    This article exemplifies a summary of the broad effects that divorce and breakdown of the family unit can have on the children of those families. These effects are primarily emotional, however they are proving to carry on into most, if not all, crucial aspects of their lives.
Maelani Parker

Poor housing can destroy a child's future, says Lisa Harker | Society | The Guardian - 0 views

  • News Society Second thoughts Home truths Poor housing can destroy a child's future, says Lisa Harker Share 3 Email Lisa Harker The Guardian, Tuesday 12 September 2006 Britain is hooked on housing. Queues snake round DIY retail parks each weekend, and TV schedules are saturated with home makeover shows. But there is one area where the appetite for all things housing appears to have stopped short.While the government's Every Child Matters programme for child welfare picks out health, safety, economic well-being, making a positive contribution, enjoying and achieving as the critical factors that shape children's lives, there is no explicit recognition of the role that housing plays - despite the fact that more than a million children in Britain are living in poor housing.That figure will come as no surprise to professionals working at the sharp end of the housing crisis, but whether the scale of the problem is grasped by those shaping public policy is far from clear.Earlier this year I was commissioned by Shelter, the housing and homelessness charity, to undertake a comprehensive review of research examining the impact of bad housing on children's future chances. The resulting report, Chance of a Lifetime, published today, documents the powerful influence of poor housing on children's lives and shows how its destabilising impact is felt long into adulthood.
  • Earlier this year I was commissioned by Shelter, the housing and homelessness charity, to undertake a comprehensive review of research examining the impact of bad housing on children's future chances. The resulting report, Chance of a Lifetime, published today, documents the powerful influence of poor housing on children's lives and shows how its destabilising impact is felt long into adulthood.
  • On every aspect of life - mental, physical, emotional, social and economic - living in bad housing can hand children a devastating legacy. Studies show that poor housing can lead to a 25% higher risk of experiencing severe ill-health and disability before they reach middle age. In particular, such children face a greater chance of developing meningitis, infections, asthma or other respiratory problems
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  • It can also have a devastating impact on emotional wellbeing. Research shows that homeless children are three to four times more likely to have mental health problems than other children
  • How can a homeless child flourish when they are two to three times more likely to be absent from school and become used to watching their no more able, but well-housed, contemporaries leapfrog their progress? How can a child develop healthily when their home is cold and damp, their chest hurts when they breathe, and they can't sleep at night, as one girl described her experience of living in a house where the heating does not work?
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    Where a child is required to make their home has a lasting effect on their health and their well-being. This carries into society and has an effect there as well.
Lindsey Venetos

Opposing Viewpoints in Context - Document - 0 views

    • Lindsey Venetos
       
      one of my primary sources
  • to a Group-------------------ENG 102 Convergence: Spring '14 (14909)(shared)-------------------Create a Group... Share my existing annotations
  • If passed, Senate bill S. 344 would require U.S. Supreme Court proceedings to be televised except in cases where it is deemed harmful.
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  • This legislation would increase the public's awareness and understanding of how the nation's highest court works
  • It decides by 5-to-4 decisions so many vital cases, including partial-birth or late-term abortion, deciding who will live. It decides the question of who will be elected, controlling the constitutional decision on campaign contributions. It decides the constitutionality—
  • The Supreme Court of the United States, again in a series of 5-to-4 decisions, has decided what is the power of Congress, declaring in U.S. v. Morrison [2000] the legislation to protect women against violence unconstitutional because the Court questioned our "method of reasoning," raising a fundamental question as to where is the superiority of the Court's method of reasoning over that of the Congress. But that kind of decision, simply stated, is not understood.
  • Justice Stevens has been quoted recently stating his favorable disposition to televising the Supreme Court. Justice Breyer, during his confirmation hearings in 1994, indicated support for televising Supreme Court proceedings. He has since equivocated, but has also noted that it would be a wonderful teaching device. In a December 13, 2006, article by David Pereira, Justice Scalia said he favored cameras in the Supreme Court to show the public that a majority of the caseload involves dull stuff. In December of 2000, an article by Marjorie Cohn noted Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's support of camera coverage, so long as it is gavel to gavel—which can be arranged.
Maelani Parker

Prenatal exposure to drugs and alcohol - 0 views

  • Parental drug misuse can have an effect on the development of the foetus and long-term consequences for children. Some effects may be physical, but the most important ones will be on the developing mind and brain of the child. These effects may not be visible, and, in some cases, the impact on the child´s development and behaviour may not manifest for some years.
  • The effects on the unborn child include: chromosomal abnormalities; structural malformations (e.g. cleft palate); intrauterine growth retardation; functional impairment (e.g. deafness); behavioural abnormalities (e.g. hyperactivity); and learning difficulties.
  • a high proportion of newborn babies, especially those whose mother used heroin, will suffer withdrawal symptoms which may last up to several months and which will include tremors, high muscle tone, irritability, diarrhoea, vomiting and abnormal feeding and sleep patterns.
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  • there is an increase in premature delivery, low birth weight and death around the time of delivery.
  • but small head size, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, stillbirths, heart defects, abnormal bone development and neonatal withdrawal syndrome have been noted. Some studies have reported learning disorders and attention deficit at three years of age
  • there is a risk of intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery.
  • One long-term study found that the speech and memory performance among four-yearolds whose mothers had consumed cannabis daily or several times a week during pregnancy was affected significantly
  • abnormalities of growth, including low birth weight and small head circumferencecentral nervous system involvement andinclude small, widely-spaced eyes, flat midface, short, upturned nose, thin upper lip.
  • depressed immune function, strabismus, hearing loss, and abnormalities of heart, lungs and teeth.
  • They will frequently have difficulties forming attachments.
  • attention and memory deficitshyperactivitydifficulty learning from behavioursinability to understand the consequences of their actionsdifficulty with abstract conceptsreduced problem-solving skillsdifficulty with social functioningdifficulties with controlling impulses
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    On this web page we see that Parents have a major effect on the development of their child before birth. When the parent makes choices to expose their unborn children to any form of drugs or alcohol there are high costs for their child. These costs do not end with childhood.
Maelani Parker

Children's social skills 'eroded by decline of family meals' - Telegraph - 0 views

  • decline in family dinners had also coincided with increased access to high-fat convenience food.
  • “As a society, we have lost the beneficial effects of sharing a meal around the table.
  • children were healthier and less likely to be overweight in households where families eat together around the dining table.
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  • Separate research has concluded that around one-in-10 adults never eat a meal with their children and another 10 per cent only share dinners once a week
  • “The decline of family meals has led to the erosion of social skills among youngsters, despite the fact that it is increasingly becoming clear for the future that an ability to get on with people and share ideas will be just as vital in the workplace as the ability to master English and maths,” he said
  • “The over-emphasis on material success and, in education, on valuing attainment only, with too little attention paid to establishing a sense of belonging, has meant that some fundamental values have been inverted. "Essentially, our education system and our culture have got things upside down. We've told our children that they will reach a sense of belonging by means of achieving material success, instead of the other way round.”
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    This article shows one area of decline in the traditional family structure. Nutrition suffers when the family does not eat together regularly. Also, children grow up with depleted social skills and disadvantage in the workplace. This is relevant to my research project because I want to study nutrition and plan on having a family on my own so this seemed to be a highly relevant article and potential resource for my project.
Maelani Parker

Long-term Effects of Parents' Education on Children's Educational and Occupational Succ... - 0 views

  • Parents’ educational level when the child was 8 years old significantly predicted educational and occupational success for the child 40 years later. Structural models showed that parental educational level had no direct effects on child educational level or occupational prestige at age 48 but had significant indirect effects that were independent of the other predictor variables’ effects. These indirect effects were mediated through age 19 educational aspirations and age 19 educational level. These results provide strong support for the unique predictive role of parental education on adult outcomes 40 years later and underscore the developmental importance of mediators of parent education effects such as late adolescent achievement and achievement-related aspirations
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    This passage shows that the level of education a person attains in their early years will effect the education of their children. This is another effect parents have on their children and future generations simply by their choices in the field of education.
Billy Gerchick

CQ Researcher -- MCC Library - 1 views

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    CQ Researcher is often the first source that librarians recommend when researchers are seeking original, comprehensive reporting and analysis on issues in the news. Founded in 1923 as Editorial Research Reports, CQ Researcher is noted for its in-depth, unbiased coverage of health, social trends, criminal justice, international affairs, education, the environment, technology, and the economy. Reports are published weekly in print and online 44 times a year by CQ Press, an imprint of SAGE Publications. Each single-themed, 12,000-word report is researched and written by a seasoned journalist. The consistent, reader-friendly organization provides researchers with an introductory overview; background and chronology on the topic; an assessment of the current situation; tables and maps; pro/con statements from representatives of opposing positions; and bibliographies of key sources.
Lindsey Venetos

the Courtroom Camera Debate legal definition of the Courtroom Camera Debate. the Courtr... - 0 views

  • In 1934, nearly 700 reporters and photographers descended on the New Jersey town where Bruno Hauptmann was on trial for Kidnapping and murdering the baby of famous aviator Charles A. Lindbergh and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh. The trial judge allowed still photography, but was unprepared for the barrage of flashbulbs and the presence of a newsreel camera that was smuggled inside the court. Decrying the media circus that resulted, the ABA in 1937 called for prohibiting photography in its Canons of Professional and Judicial Ethics. At the same time the U.S. Congress amended the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to ban cameras and any form of broadcasting from federal courts. All but two states—Texas and Colorado—gradually adopted the ABA ban. Later, Texas permitted television cameras and it was a Texas criminal case that led to the next stage of development in this area of U.S. law.
    • Lindsey Venetos
       
      History of cameras in the court room. I paraphrased this info
Billy Gerchick

The History of Visual Communication - 0 views

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    This website, from Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey, provides an overview of the long and diverse history of a particular aspect of human endeavour: The translation of ideas, stories and concepts that are largely textual and/or word based into a visual format, i.e. visual communication. Fascinating history on visuals' roles in language arts.
Lindsey Venetos

Why Aren't Cameras Allowed at the Supreme Court Again? - The Wire - 0 views

  • Then, in 1999, Iowa Sen. Chuck Grassley introduced legislation that would have allowed cameras into Supreme Court proceedings. As a response, the Court began to release audio of oral arguments, but only after arguments concluded. To state the obvious, the Supreme Court last year makes history on a regular basis, whether by ending racial segregation in schools or legalizing both interracial marriage and abortion. In 2000, the Supreme Court essentially picked the President. The Constitution gives a tremendous amount of power to grant a group of nine judges who aren't elected and are given lifetime appointments. Adding a little more transparency into the mix certainly wouldn't hurt anyone.
  • It is Supreme Court Justices themselves who have been the most vocal opponents of allowing cameras into their courtroom. However, there are several members of the current Court who have expressed either a desire to allow cameras in the proceedings or at least some interest in entertaining the idea. C-SPAN has compiled a conclusive list of instances where justices have spoken either for or against cameras in the courtroom. Going by their past statements, the Court is currently split 4-3 towards not allowing cameras, but those two undecided votes could swing the majority in favor of allowing them.
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    Great history I found. This bit of history was what I was missing in my paper for the first paragraph
Maelani Parker

When parents fight, their children suffer - 0 views

  • When parents argue in front of children, it is one of the most stressful events of childhood
  • Frequent, intense and poorly resolved conflict is related to higher levels of children’s problems
  • Negative emotions spill over to relationships with children. Anger in one relationship will be a stimulus for anger and irritability in other close relationships. When parents argue with each other, they are more likely to become angry, irritating or controlling toward their children
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  • Marital fights often lead to distraction and depression in the parents. They become less effective in dealing with their children. Parents become absorbed in their marital problems and are unable to concentrate as much on their parenting practices. They have less energy, focus and patience with their children and their issues
  • Teens feel less secure and more anxious when they are aware that their parents aren’t getting along. They fear that one parent will leave the family to avoid the repetitive arguments. They also think friction with their parents is more personally threatening when they see their parents constantly fighting
  • In homes with little strife, children are optimistic about getting along. They are more flexible, adaptive, and more open-minded and constructive in their approaches to problem solving. They are more open in their communications.
  • Children from high conflict homes have a harder time learning to control their emotions. They are more prone to anger and violence. They may use a high conflict style to resolve problems with their peers, siblings or later in life when they become parents themselves
  • Loyalties become confused
  • parents set the stage for manipulation and divided loyalties within the family.
  • They may avoid being home, spend more time with their friends or even try using alcohol or drugs to keep from thinking about their quarreling parents. School performance also suffers
  • Does all of this suggest that fighting parents should divorce for the sake of the children? No. The evidence is that divorce itself – independent of parental conflict, style of parenting or even earlier problems by children – has a negative impact in children’s lives.
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    This article shows how children suffer when their parents argue. Relationships and loyalties within the family suffer. This falls under divorce and home environment.
Maelani Parker

Back to school: How parent involvement affects student achievement (At a glance) - 0 views

  • Parent involvement can make a difference in a child’s education.
  • creating a partnership between parents and schools focused on academics truly does have significant impact on student achievement
  • Parenting
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  • Communicating
  • Volunteering
  • Learning at home
  • Decision-making
  • Community collaboration
  • parent involvement with academics largely focused on enabling parents to convey high expectations to their children, encouraging them to take and succeed in rigorous courses with an eye toward college.
  • When families knew about and guided high school students to classes that would lead to higher education, students were more likely to enroll in a higher-level program, earn credits, and score higher on tests. Regardless of family background, the issue of parent expectations had the strongest effect on grade 12 test scores in all subjects
  • parent involvement with homework may be the award-winning strategy
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    This article gives a lot of suggestions of what parents can do to better influence their children in their educational success. It leads you to think that the parental encouragement is a huge factor all the way through their years of higher education.
Maelani Parker

Parents' Depression and Stress Leaves Lasting Mark on Children's DNA - The Daily Beast - 0 views

  • maternal depression to children’s mental and physical illness as well as language and cognitive deficits
  • shown that when the parents’ marriage is riven by conflict children grow up to be emotionally insecure and have difficulty forming loving adult relationships
  • nd found that when parents are under significant stress their kids are more likely to have behavior problems, to have difficulty handling stress, and to be at greater risk for mental illness
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  • when parents are under emotional, financial, or other forms of stress, it can alter their children’s patterns of genetic activity at least through adolescence and perhaps longe
  • And since some of the altered genes shape brain development, the effects of parental stress might permanently wire themselves into children’s brain
  • Child abuse and even maternal depression, studies show, can do to people what neglectful rat mothers did to their pups: silence the stress-hormone receptor in the brain. In the brains of people who were abused as children and later took their own lives, the gene for the stress-hormone receptor is more likely to be “off” than it is in people who did not commit suicide or were not abused, found a 2009 study.
  • they found that mom’s high stress during the children’s infancy altered 139 genes, while dad’s stress during the children’s pre-school years altered 31 genes.
  • although mothers’ stress affected both daughters and sons equally, fathers’ stress had more effect on daughters than sons.
  • when dad is emotionally or physically absent, girls tend to enter puberty earlier and develop difficult temperaments
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    This article presents the belief that the stressful state of parents can alter their children's DNA. Emotional stress in the home can be devastating for children and have long and lasting effects. This applies to my section on divorce and possibly home environment and exposure.
Billy Gerchick

Center for Games & Impact - 0 views

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    Digital games have emerged as one of the most powerful mediums of the 21st Century. Research is highlighting the enormous potential of games to drive meaningful and measurable learning, health and social impact. The Center is committed to leveraging this medium to address society's biggest challenges.
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    From tonight's class, here's a dynamic gaming resource.
Billy Gerchick

Creating the Declaration of Independence - Creating the United States (Library of Congr... - 0 views

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    "Thomas Jefferson's rough draft is the core document for an exploration of the antecedents to some critical phrases and concepts in the Declaration of Independence. This critical document combines Jefferson's first draft and changes made by the congressional committee appointed to draft a declaration and then by the entire Congress."
Maelani Parker

07_02_03.pdf (application/pdf Object) - 0 views

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    This webpage explains how poverty effects children in long-term aspects of their lives. In this case it is more of an effect on their success. This pertains to my research because it shows how the structure and nature of the family impacts the child. Financial problems can also be linked to nutrition deficiencies.
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