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English Learners (ELs)-students whose second language is English and who are not fully proficient in English-constitute the fastest growing portion of the K-12 student population. By 2025, according to U.S. government estimates, as many as one in four students in the United States will come from a home where a language other than English is spoken. Because many of these students tend to do poorly in school, teachers are encouraged to regularly use research-based practices to improve these students' academic achievement. Yet knowing which practices actually are research-based-that is, they are supported by research demonstrating impact on student outcomes-is not clear to many educators. This series of articles will help educators identify students' levels of oral and academic language proficiency, offer interactive and direct techniques to promote literacy development, and build and maintain effective programs for ELLs.

for each language domain

Interventions for ELLs - Dr. Catherine Collier