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The Bank of Japan has raised expectations surrounding consumer spending for the first time in 10 months. The BOJ also expects the CPI to rise in line with that assessment, but exports are expected to fall. Japan is an economy reliant on exports, so despite any national consumption, export expectations may overshadow any optimism coming...Read More

This article discusses shopping, especially critical shopping, as a process of informal and incidental adult learning about the intersecting politics of globalization and consumption. The author uses academic skills and disciplines as a metaphor to respond to an emerging conceptual question: To what extent can formality, informality, and incidentalism be seen as aspects of adult learning? The author conceptualizes learning as a holistic process, with emotional, spiritual, and intellectual dimensions, and identifies five themes that illustrate how the multidimensional learning in an everyday process such as shopping incorporates all three aspects. These themes are referred to as learning to learn, learning to do research, learning to develop a philosophy of shopping, learning to build a shopping-related literacy, and learning to construct a shopper's geography. This metaphor helps convey the depth and breadth of everyday learning and blur the conceptual distinction between formal and informal or incidental learning.

Consumers increasingly use an omnichannel approach when planning purchases, according to the 'Future Shopper 2019' report on eCommerce by global digital agency Wunderman Thompson.