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The Innovation Framework highlights four areas related to what and how students learn: 21st Century Skills & Standards Curriculum & the Learning Paradigm Assessment Innovative Uses of ICT How should a curriculum be designed, and how should students be assessed? How can student-directed learning be encouraged?   In most countries, school curricula and instruction are mostly didactic based on subject-based knowledge transmission and large amounts of rote learning. This ignores many skills that are increasingly necessary for life and work and often fails to engage students. Of course, schools implement and work according to national standards and other learning requirements, but they can also consider more effective teaching and learning strategies and encourage student-centered learning and assessment processes.4   Many innovative schools actively engage students in their learning and in the co-design of the learning process. There are a variety of ways of doing this, from the use of student councils to students as researchers within schools, to online student feedback on the quality of teaching and learning. Technology skills are crucial in the 21st Century skill set, but technology should play a bigger role in the transformation of learning practices. High-level ICT integration increases the possibility of personalizing learning processes, making learning accessible to students anytime and anywhere.