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"Mr. Rudolph took particular exception to the programming exercises, in which the computer automatically informed students whether or not they got 100 percent on the task. "It's so black and white," he tells Wired Campus. "They have to make it easy enough so everyone can get 100 percent, basically. In the past I've turned in programming assignments, and only the really smart kids got stellar scores, because they went above and beyond. This model kind of discourages that.""

Praise for ability is commonly considered to have beneficial effects on motivation. Contrary to this popular belief, six studies demonstrated that praise for intelligence had more negative consequences for students' achievement motivation than praise for effort. Fifth graders praised for intelligence were found to care more about performance goals relative to learning goals than children praised for effort. After failure, they also displayed less task persistence, less task enjoyment, more lowability attributions, and worse task performance than children praised for effort. Finally, children praised for intelligence described it as a fixed trait more than children praised for hard work, who believed it to be subject to improvement. These findings have important implications for how achievement is best encouraged, as well as for more theoretical issues, such as the potential cost of performance goals and the socialization of contingent self-worth.

A diagram explaining why some individuals are resiliant and others are lazy when it comes to learning and facing obstacles.