Work Flow Design Managers analyze the tasks needed to produce a product or service  Job Set of related duties  Position Is the set of duties performed by one person  Before designing its work flow The organizaton's planners need to analyze what work needs to be done.  For each type of work, the analysis identifies the output of the process, the activities involved, and the three categories of input: materials and information, equipment, and human resources.  Outputs Are products of any work unit, say, a department or team.  Work flow analysis Considers the work processes used to generate the outputs identified. They are described in terms of operating procedures for every task performed by each employee at each stage of the process.  Work flow analysis Identifies the inputs required to carry out the work processes.  Job analysis The process of getting detailed information about jobs.  Job description List of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that a job entails.  Job specification Looks at the qualities of the person performing the job. List of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that an individual must have to perform the job.  Knowledge refers to the factual or procedural information that is necessary for successfully performing a task.  Skill Individuals level of proficiency at performing a particular task.  Ability refers to a more general enduring capability that an individual possesses.  Position analysis questionnaire standardized questionnaire contains 194 items to represent work behaviors, conditions, and characteristics that apply to variety of jobs.

Equal Employment Opportunity * Among the most significant efforts to regulate human resource management are those * aimed at achieving equal employment opportunity (EEO) -the condition * in which all individuals have an equal chance for employment, regardless of their * race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. The federal government's efforts to create equal employment opportunity include * constitutional amendments, * legislation, and executive orders, as well as court decisions that interpret the laws. * Table 3.1 summarizes major EEO laws discussed in this chapter. These are U.S. laws; * equal employment laws in other countries may differ. Among the most significant efforts to regulate human resource management are those aimed at achieving equal employment opportunity (EEO). The federal government's efforts to create EEO include: * Constitutional amendments * Legislation * Executive orders * Court decisions that interpret the law