ECONOMIA URBANA

The Center for Urban Pedagogy (CUP) is a nonprofit organization that uses the power of design and art to improve civic engagement. CUP collaborates with designers, educators, advocates, students, and communities to make educational tools that demystify complex policy and planning issues.

METROPOLITAN INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE | NUMBER 19 « Previous | Next » Access for Value: Financing Transportation Through Land Value Capture Transportation, Infrastructure, Environment David M. Levinson, R.P. Braun-CTS Chair of Transportation Engineering, University of Minnesota Emilia Istrate, Senior Research Analyst, Metropolitan Policy Program The Brookings Institution Save Download the Full Paper (PDF) Facebook Share inShare 4 StumbleUpon E-mail Print APRIL 28, 2011 - The worsening financial state of the federal, state, and local governments is a frequent sub­ject in media and political circles. As discretionary expenditures, transportation programs likely face significant changes if they are to cope with spending cuts across all levels of government. These changes would require not only reprioritizing the use of scarce funds, cutting ineffective programs, and improving the performance of remaining programs, but also encour­aging states and local partners to find other sources of funding for transportation. Metropolitan Infrastructure Initiative Save Subscribe Metropolitan Infrastructure Initiative ALSO IN THIS SERIES NUMBER 24 Moving Forward on Public Private Partnerships: U.S. and International Experience With PPP Units Emilia Istrate, Robert Puentes, December 08, 2011 NUMBER 8 Transit Access and Zero-Vehicle Households Adie Tomer, Robert Puentes, August 18, 2011 NUMBER 7 How the U.S. Can Improve Transportation Policy Robert Puentes, May 23, 2011 View All » Measuring accessibility is an essential tool in such a makeover because it reveals the benefits of a transportation system. Accessibility is the ease of reaching valued destinations, such as jobs, shops, schools, entertainment, and recreation. As such, accessibility creates value. Capturing some of this value would allow state and local governments to invest in the operations, maintenance, and in some cases expansion of their transportation networks. Accessibility, as an outcome-oriented metric,

Why the U.S. Government Should Embrace Smart Cities Growth through Innovation, Cities, Competitiveness, Infrastructure, Governance Bruce Katz, Vice President and Director, Metropolitan Policy Program Fast Company Save Facebook Share inShare 10 StumbleUpon E-mail Print JULY 26, 2011 - The hottest wave in technology today is not about the individual consumer, but the "smart city."   Global companies, having wired people throughout the world, are now on a mission to connect cities, within and without, through the integrated application of advanced technologies like wireless sensors and processors, mobile and video telecommunications, and geographic information systems. The tantalizing prospect: cities and metropolitan areas that use technology to manage urban congestion, maximize energy efficiency, enhance public security, allocate scarce resources based on real time evidence, even educate their citizenry through remote learning. A view of the Chicago skyline. View Larger Reuters / John Gress RELATED CONTENT Obama's Plans to Rebuild American Prosperity Bruce Katz and Robert Puentes The Brookings Institution January 15, 2010 Reviving Cities: Think Metropolitan Bruce Katz The Brookings Institution June 1998 What the Federal Government Can Learn From Metropolitan Areas Bruce Katz and Judith Rodin The Atlantic Cities January 20, 2012 More Related Content » With China and other rising nations urbanizing at a frenetic pace, the potential market for the design, production, application and integration of smart technologies is vast, $1.2 trillion by one estimate over the next decade. The United States would seem tailor made for this market transformation. One of the most urbanized countries in the world, cities and metropolitan areas house over 83% of the population and generate 90 percent of national GDP. American companies (and the U.S. military) have been innovative leaders in the invention of technologies critical to making cities smart. Despite these natur

Low-Density Suburbs Are Not Free-Market Capitalism Jonathan RothwellApril 10, 2012 | 10:55 am 1 comment Share on redditShare on twitterShare on stumbleupon|More Sharing ServicesMore Print inShare 21 MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Why Regions Fail: Zoning as an Extractive Institution Global Innovation: The Metropolitan Edition The Outsized Benefits of U.S. Manufacturing Recently in the Wall Street Journal, transportation consultant Wendell Cox published an op-ed entitled: "California Declares War on Suburbia." Cox argues that "planners" in California are attacking what he calls "the most popular housing choice," the single-family detached home, and if they get their way, they will weaken California's economy, drive up housing prices, and increase traffic congestion. Actually, the homogenous prevalence of low-density single-family suburban housing is the outcome of the very government "planning" process that Cox decries, as economist Ed Glaeser has noted (see "Triumph of the City"). Local zoning policies greatly distort housing markets across the country. A recent national survey of land regulations found that 84 percent of jurisdictions forbid the construction of housing units that are smaller than some standard set by the local zoning authority. The average jurisdiction with zoning power has a minimum lot size requirement of 0.4 acres, which is larger than most single-family homes. As a consequence, thousands of jurisdictions-mostly in the suburbs of big cities-effectively prohibit the construction of inexpensive or moderately dense housing, and many neighborhoods within big cities impose similar restrictions. As I've found in previous research (using data from a survey by Rolf Pendall and my colleague Robert Puentes), metropolitan areas with the most anti-density restrictions tend to see the largest increase in housing prices, controlling for other factors. While California's local governments are not as anti-density as their counterparts

CROSS COUNTRY Updated April 9, 2012, 6:38 p.m. ET California Declares War on Suburbia Planners want to herd millions into densely packed urban corridors. It won't save the planet but will make traffic even worse. By WENDELL COX It's no secret that California's regulatory and tax climate is driving business investment to other states. California's high cost of living also is driving people away. Since 2000 more than 1.6 million people have fled, and my own research as well as that of others points to high housing prices as the principal factor. The exodus is likely to accelerate. California has declared war on the most popular housing choice, the single family, detached home-all in the name of saving the planet. Metropolitan area governments are adopting plans that would require most new housing to be built at 20 or more to the acre, which is at least five times the traditional quarter acre per house. State and regional planners also seek to radically restructure urban areas, forcing much of the new hyperdensity development into narrowly confined corridors. Related Video Transportation consultant Wendell Cox on why California pols want to force people into denser urban housing. In San Francisco and San Jose, for example, the Association of Bay Area Governments has proposed that only 3% of new housing built by 2035 would be allowed on or beyond the "urban fringe"-where current housing ends and the countryside begins. Over two-thirds of the housing for the projected two million new residents in these metro areas would be multifamily-that is, apartments and condo complexes-and concentrated along major thoroughfares such as Telegraph Avenue in the East Bay and El Camino Real on the Peninsula. For its part, the Southern California Association of Governments wants to require more than one-half of the new housing in Los Angeles County and five other Southern California counties to be concentrated in dense, so-called transit villages, with much of it at an e

Texto que faz o contraponto com o Direito a cidade de David Harvey.

American Cities are Revitalizing Their Downtowns and Recreating Their Profiles Mar 28, 2012 12:26 PM, By Susan Piperato, Managing Editor The push toward downtown revitalization that began in the 1990s has survived the Great Recession. ARTICLE TOOLS Email Save Print Reprint LATEST NEWS Lenders Eager to Take Back Trophy Assets CMBS Delinquencies Spike, But Outlook for the Year Remains Stable A Coming Deluge of Apartment Construction Cornerstone Raises $315M for Debt Investment Club, Closes Mortgage Fund The Early Phase of Real Estate Recovery MORE LATEST NEWS advertisement But in this gradually improving economy, attracting development isn't easy. It means carrying "a Swiss Army knife" of creative tools, says West Palm Beach Downtown Development Authority Director Raphael Clemente. For 10 years, West Palm Beach's downtown has lost retail to an urbanist infill project on the CBD's outskirts. Clemente's shoestring-budgeted campaign to recruit retailer Trader Joe's, including a YouTube video in which residents give humorous answers to the question, "What would you trade for Trader Joe's?" has already succeeded in differentiating the city from "the other 50 cities in Florida that are trying to get a Trader Joe's" and starting a dialogue. "We know we're fighting for tenants and investor dollars and consumer dollars with other areas, malls and midsize cities in our region," Clemente says. "So when we go out there to recruit, we do the best job we can with limited resources to set ourselves apart." Philadelphia's population has grown for the first time in 50 years. Clemente's experience is typical of American cities, regardless of size or location. Yes, the movement to reinvigorate Main Street is back, but it's very different than it was 20 years ago. For today's urban downtowns, development means redevelopment, and attracting redevelopment dollars means reinventing a city's identity. A city's individuation is crucial

Creative Knowledge Cities Myths, Visions and Realities Marina van Geenhuizen , Peter Nijkamp Edited by Marina van Geenhuizen, Professor of Innovation and Innovation Policy in the Urban Economy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands and Peter Nijkamp, Professor of Regional, Urban and Environmental Economics, Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2012 488 pp Hardback 978 0 85793 284 6 Hardback $205.00 on-line price $184.50 Qty Series: New Horizons in Regional Science series This book is also available as an ebook  978 0 85793 285 3 from - www.EBSCOhost.com www.myilibrary www.ebooks.com www.ebookscorporation.com www.dawsonera.com www.ebrary.com/corp/ www.books.google.com/ebooks Description This book adopts a holistic, integrated and pragmatic approach to exploring the myths, concepts, policies, key conditions and tools for enhancing creative knowledge cities, as well as expounding potentially negative impacts of knowledge based city policies. Contents Contributors: V. Araujo, A. Caragliu, Y. Chen, M. de Jong, H. de Jonge, J. de Vries, C. Del Bo, A. den Heijer, J. Edelenbos, K. Erdos, A.M. Fernández-Maldonado, M. Fromhold-Eisebith, R. Garcia, D.-S. Lee, S. Lüthi, P. Nijkamp, B. Ó hUallacháin, R. Rocco, A. Romein, V. Scholten, D.P. Soetanto, M. Taheri, A. Thierstein, J.J. Trip, M. Trippl, M. van der Land, M. van Geenhuizen, A. Varga Further information This book adopts a holistic, integrated and pragmatic approach to exploring the myths, concepts, policies, key conditions and tools for enhancing creative knowledge cities, as well as expounding potentially negative impacts of knowledge based city policies. The authors provide a critical reflection on the reality of city concepts including university-city alignment for campus planning, labour market conditions, social capital and proximity, triple helix based transformation, and learning by city governments. Original examples from both the EU and US are complemented by detailed ca

Cities Under Siege: The New Military Urbanism by Stephen Graham A powerful exposé of how political violence operates through the spaces of urban life. Cities are the new battleground of our increasingly urban world. From the slums of the global South to the wealthy financial centers of the West, Cities Under Siege traces the spread of political violence through the sites, spaces, infrastructure and symbols of the world's rapidly expanding metropolitan areas. Drawing on a wealth of original research, Stephen Graham shows how Western militaries and security forces now perceive all urban terrain as a conflict zone inhabited by lurking shadow enemies. Urban inhabitants have become targets that need to be continually tracked, scanned and controlled. Graham examines the transformation of Western armies into high-tech urban counter-insurgency forces. He looks at the militarization and surveillance of international borders, the use of 'security' concerns to suppress democratic dissent, and the enacting of legislation to suspend civilian law. In doing so, he reveals how the New Military Urbanism permeates the entire fabric of urban life, from subway and transport networks hardwired with high-tech 'command and control' systems to the insidious militarization of a popular culture corrupted by the all-pervasive discourse of 'terrorism.'

Creative Knowledge Cities Myths, Visions and Realities Marina van Geenhuizen , Peter Nijkamp Edited by Marina van Geenhuizen, Professor of Innovation and Innovation Policy in the Urban Economy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands and Peter Nijkamp, Professor of Regional, Urban and Environmental Economics, Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands May 2012 488 pp Hardback 978 0 85793 284 6 Hardback $205.00 on-line price $184.50 Qty Series: New Horizons in Regional Science series This book is also available as an ebook  978 0 85793 285 3 from - www.EBSCOhost.com www.myilibrary www.ebooks.com www.ebookscorporation.com www.dawsonera.com www.ebrary.com/corp/ www.books.google.com/ebooks Description This book adopts a holistic, integrated and pragmatic approach to exploring the myths, concepts, policies, key conditions and tools for enhancing creative knowledge cities, as well as expounding potentially negative impacts of knowledge based city policies. Contents Contributors: V. Araujo, A. Caragliu, Y. Chen, M. de Jong, H. de Jonge, J. de Vries, C. Del Bo, A. den Heijer, J. Edelenbos, K. Erdos, A.M. Fernández-Maldonado, M. Fromhold-Eisebith, R. Garcia, D.-S. Lee, S. Lüthi, P. Nijkamp, B. Ó hUallacháin, R. Rocco, A. Romein, V. Scholten, D.P. Soetanto, M. Taheri, A. Thierstein, J.J. Trip, M. Trippl, M. van der Land, M. van Geenhuizen, A. Varga Further information This book adopts a holistic, integrated and pragmatic approach to exploring the myths, concepts, policies, key conditions and tools for enhancing creative knowledge cities, as well as expounding potentially negative impacts of knowledge based city policies. The authors provide a critical reflection on the reality of city concepts including university-city alignment for campus planning, labour market conditions, social capital and proximity, triple helix based transformation, and learning by city governments. Original examples from both the EU and US are complemented by detail

The Interdependence of Land Use and Transportation Yonah Freemark February 5th, 2011 | 43 Comments » Northern Virginia's growth patterns demonstrate the degree to which transit can play an essential role in spurring inner-city growth. There is little need for data to demonstrate just how important the Washington Metrorail system has been for Arlington, Virginia's growth over the past few decades. Visit anywhere along the Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor or in Crystal City - the two areas best served by Metro - and you'll see dozens of new residential and office buildings lining the street. But new information from Census 2010 provides empirical confirmation of the significance of land use planning around Metro stations in influencing the growth of Arlington and other places in Northern Virginia. Over the last ten years, Arlington County's growth has been overwhelmingly concentrated along the Metro corridors, as has growth in Alexandria and some parts of Fairfax County. The densification of these areas is effectively extending the inner-city core of the Washington, D.C. region and substituting sprawling development in the exurbs with dense construction. This represents a change in trends compared to the period between 1990 and 2000. As the map above shows, the areas of Northern Virginia that saw the greatest percentage growth between 2000 and 2010 were all clustered around Metro stations - in Arlington along the Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor (Orange Line) and in Crystal City (Yellow and Blue Lines); in Alexandria near Van Dorn Street Station (Blue Line) and Eisenhower Avenue (Yellow Line); and in Fairfax County near Vienna/Fairfax Station (Orange Line). As other areas of close-in Virginia have been fully developed, these station area zones have densified through the coordinated planning decisions of city officials, the availability of rail rapid transit, funds from developers, and a clear interest of a large portion of the population to inhabit the new bui

Expanding Downtown Yonah Freemark February 25th, 2011 | 94 Comments » Debating growth limits in a downtown? Consider transportation. Washington, D.C. is a lucky city: Its downtown has been filled up with new construction over the past few decades to such an extent that it has virtually no space for new office buildings. Some, like Matt Yglesias, have suggested that one way to resolve this problem would be to increase densities by ridding the city of its height limit, which in essence makes it impossible to build structures in the city that are over about 10 stories. Lydia Depillis, another local commenter, has argued that the municipality still has plenty of developable sites which, though they may not be directly downtown, still offer opportunities for more office space. What would be the manifestations of these different approaches? How can we weigh the advantages and disadvantages of upzoning the center city for more office space? Is our goal to produce vital, walkable, and dense downtown districts, or simply to expand new construction there, no matter the use? The missing ingredient in this discussion is transportation. When we discuss the demand in downtowns like Washington's for more office space, we sometimes make an assumption that the transport network will be able to handle whatever is thrown at it. In fact, there is a direct relationship between a downtown's growth and the transportation provided to it. In general, businesses want to locate their offices in places that are accessible and that provide the benefits of agglomeration, and this sometimes means downtown, but not always. If the trip to and from the center - by whatever mode - becomes too arduous, there are significant reasons to locate outside of it. How does this fact apply to a place like Washington? Once a downtown - which I will define as a traditional single-use American CBD - reaches a certain size, once it provides employment for a certain number of people, it has thr

The Future of Cities, Information, and Inclusion Downloads: The Future of Cities, Information, and Inclusion (PDF) The Future of Cities, Information, and Inclusion (image)   Over the next decade, cities will continue to grow larger and more rapidly. At the same time, new technologies will unlock massive streams of data about cities and their residents. As these forces collide, they will turn every city into a unique civic laboratory-a place where technology is adapted in novel ways to meet local needs. This ten-year forecast map, The Future of Cities, Information, and Inclusion (PDF), charts the important intersections between urbanization and digitalization that will shape this global urban experiment, and the key tensions that will arise.  The explosive growth of cities is an economic opportunity with the potential to lift billions out of poverty. Yet the speed of change and lack of pro-poor foresight has led to a swarm of urban problems-poor housing conditions, inadequate education and health care, and racial and ethnic inequalities. The coming decade holds an opportunity to harness information to improve government services, alleviate poverty and inequality, and empower the poor. Key uncertainties are coming into view: What economic opportunities will urban information provide to excluded groups? What new exclusions might arise from new kinds of data about the city and its citizens? How will communities leverage urban information to improve service delivery, transparency, and citizen engagement? As information technology spreads beyond the desktop into every corner of citizens' lives, it will provide a new set of tools for poor and excluded groups to re-engineer their relationship with government, the built environment, and each other.  Funded by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, IFTF has identified this challenge-harnessing data for development and inclusion-as a critical cross-sectoral urban issue for the next decade a