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started by xshirely445589 on 18 Nov 14
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    suite16 For these early reformers, to overcome the illegitimate beginnings of Empire in India, a form of rule that worked toward the improvement of the subject race would need to be instituted, thereby intertwining the moral defence of Empire with a platform of liberal reform. The period of liberal ascendance, most often associated with the tenures of Lords Bentinck (1828-35) and Dalhousie (1848-56), was the most transparently interventionist in its ideals and practices; it was in this period that India became the testing ground for various reformist political, educational, and social experiments.[22] [22] As Eric Stokes provocatively argued, 'India provided that...suiteIn terms of aspirations the liberal age was the first in which self-government by Indians was first contemplated,[23] [23] Macaulay, in his speech on the renewal of the charter, articulated.. homme lacoste pas cher
    .suitefor the morality of rule was premised on the notion that once Britain completed its educative role its paternalist duty would be over. And any argument for the continuation of rule merely for the benefit of English prestige, wealth, or honor would be unjustifiable.17 But in tying together the ethical justification of Empire with the project of liberal reform, the liberal agenda became susceptible to a variety of critiques that highlighted the theoretical and practical obstacles to improvement. The idea of progressive improvement, that native societies could be radically and rapidly transformed, was sustained by a belief in the infinite malleability of human nature, itself tied to an assumption about the universality of such a view. Both these notions concerning universality and perfectibility would be challenged, even among liberalism's greatest champions, as the claims of culturalism and historicism came to modify its fundamental tenets. And, when the modernizing transformation of native peoples became suspect, as was increasingly the case in the late nineteenth century, Empire quickly lost its most salient ethical justification. sac vanessa bruno pas cher John Stuart Mill and the Crisis of Liberal Imperialism18 A key inheritor of the liberal justification of Empire was John Stuart Mill, who, like his father, was a career employee of the EIC. In this vein, Mill famously declared, 'despotism is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians, provided the end be their improvement, and the means justified by actually effecting that end'.[24] [24] John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, in John M. Robson (ed. ), The... lacoste pas cher
    suiteWhile this formulation can be taken to be the apotheosis of the liberal model of Empire, there were important modifications that distanced Mill's position from earlier variants.19 For Mill, good government worked towards the progressive improvement of the character of its subjects. This theory of government entailed an intensely reciprocal relationship between political institutions and a people's character, so much so that institutions had to fit what peoples in various 'states of society' and 'stages of civilization' required for improvement.[25] [25] John Stuart Mill, Considerations on Representative Government,...suiteIndeed, Bentham's chief error lay in assuming 'that mankind are alike in all times and all places' and thus claiming 'representative democracy for England and France by arguments which would equally have proved it the only fit form of government for Bedouins or Malays'

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