In the past, researchers performed all kinds of questionable experiments in the name of science. For example, in one famous experiment, psychologist Stanley Milgram led his subjects to believe that they were giving painful electric shocks to other people. Many people consider this experiment unethical because it caused the subjects emotional discomfort. Today, researchers must abide by basic ethical norms when conducting research. Most important, they must consider whether they might harm their human or animal subjects while doing research. Ethics Ethics refers to a system of moral values or the way people distinguish right from wrong. The American Psychological Association (APA) requires all its members to adhere to its code of ethics, which applies to the treatment of both humans and animals.

The American Psychological Association's (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (hereinafter referred to as the Ethics Code) consists of an Introduction, a Preamble, five General Principles and specific Ethical Standards. The Introduction discusses the intent, organization, procedural considerations and scope of application of the Ethics Code. The Preamble and General Principles are aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology. Although the Preamble and General Principles are not themselves enforceable rules, they should be considered by psychologists in arriving at an ethical course of action. The Ethical Standards set forth enforceable rules for conduct as psychologists. Most of the Ethical Standards are written broadly, in order to apply to psychologists in varied roles, although the application of an Ethical Standard may vary depending on the context. The Ethical Standards are not exhaustive. The fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by an Ethical Standard does not mean that it is necessarily either ethical or unethical.

This web site currently features a number of statistical test calculators that social science students (and others) might find useful. These were originally developed in order to analyse the data accumulated at the Philosophy Experiments web site (partly just for the fun of it, and partly because SPSS and the like are cumbersome and prohibitively expensive). The calculators are designed to be easy to use - normally requiring only that you input your data and press a button. It is very useful for IA-Results section

Mr. Crown's Advice Concerning Extended Essay

This article is about advanced techniques, the polish that can raise a candidates grades (to a high B or an A).

Ideas for IB Internal Assessment There is so much to consider when you are deciding on a topic for your Internal Assessment. What areas are you interested in, what topic will be exciting and interesting enough to grab your attention and the attention of others. The amount of prior knowledge can be a governing factor in this decision making process. For most of you your prior knowledge is limited and in some cases non-existent or corrupted by popular views that sometimes lack clarity and definition. This section is designed to help you with the selection process by giving ideas and tips to assist you.

A clear distinguish between the core research methods