France's experience in Africa was conditioned by two things. First, France
had a longstanding interest in the region bordering the Mediterranean Sea thanks
to its own coast line between Italy and Spain, its active role in the Crusades
and its incorporation into the Roman Empire. Second, France lost most of its
original overseas empire in the Seven Years War (1756-1763) and the Napoleonic
Wars (1790s-1815) and it suffered a major setback in its defeat in the
Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). Thus, French imperialism was an effort to
regain lost power rather than a continuation of previous successes, and its
African empire grew out of developments along the North African coast.