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Inflammasome activation is a key function mediated by the innate immune system in response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, dead cells or irritants. However, overt activation of inflammasomes may also lead to a variety of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and metabolic disorders (such as atherosclerosis, obesity and type II diabetes).

Phosphorylation is the most common and important molecular mechanism of acute and reversible regulation of protein function. Through protein phosphorylation, protein function is regulated in response to extracellular stimuli both inside and outside the cell.