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Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (γ-Aminobutyric acid, GABA) is the predominating inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. As exogenous GABA cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it is synthesized in the GABAergic neurons in the CNS, converted from glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter, using the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor.