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The featured Innovations describe a mentor program for African-American veterans with diabetes that improved blood glucose control and an interactive education class for kidney transplant candidates that increased the percentage of African-American patients and people of lower socioeconomic status, who completed the transplant evaluation process.

The program, which involved two distinct project periods (1999-2000 for planning and 2000-2007 for implementation), improved health-related skills and behaviors (e.g., eating more healthfully, engaging in more physical activity), leading to anecdotal reports of better health.

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):820-5. PMID: 15113720 Conclusions: The data show a positive correlation of 25(OH)D concentration with insulin sensitivity and a negative effect of hypovitaminosis D on ß cell function. Subjects with hypovitaminosis D are at higher risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population-based, case-control study. Stene LC, Joner G; Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;78(6):1128-34. PMID: 14668274 Conclusion: Cod liver oil may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes, perhaps through the antiinflammatory effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids.