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Govind Rao

CIHR spurns Aboriginal researchers' call for reconciliation - 0 views

www.cmaj.ca/E75

from heather aboriginal research

shared by Govind Rao on 15 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • CMAJ March 15, 2016 vol. 188 no. 5 First published February 8, 2016, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.109-5232
  • Laura Eggertson
  • Aboriginal health projects received less than 1% of the funding awarded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) in its first major competition since restructuring — an outcome Aboriginal researchers say illustrates the need to reconcile the new system with the vast inequities in Indigenous health.
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  • CIHR’s decision-making style, which resulted in it going ahead with changes to funding despite objections from Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, “is not consistent with the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” says Rod McCormick, a Mohawk researcher and co-chair of the Aboriginal Health Research Steering Committee.
  • There is no recognition or provision for the fact that systemic policies, when applied across the board, can have damaging impacts for groups that are different,” McCormick told an emotionally charged meeting at the Wabano Centre for Aboriginal Health in Ottawa on Jan. 25.
  • In 2014/15, funding for Aboriginal health research was $31 million, down from $34 million at its annual peak 2004–2008, the Aboriginal Health Research Steering Committee reported.
  • McCormick and co-chair Frederic Wien, the principal investigator for the Atlantic Aboriginal Health Research Program, urged CIHR to revisit its changes and rebuild what Wien called “a respectful relationship with First Nations, Métis and Inuit people.” Given the crisis in the health and well-being of many of these communities, the researchers want CIHR to prioritize Aboriginal health research.
  • CIHR’s president denied any need for the federal agency to engage in reconciliation. “I would like to bring my personal views, not only those of CIHR, about the stormy weather we have been experiencing lately,” Dr. Alain Beaudet told attendees at the January meeting. “But not in the spirit of reconciliation, because I don’t think anything has been broken.”
  • Marlene Brant Castellano, co-director of research for the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, believes CIHR is out of step with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s recommendations.
  • Beaudet made the remarks just three days after the shootings at La Loche, Saskatchewan. The murder of two teenagers, a teacher and a teacher’s aide in the largely Dene community underscored for some attendees the crises in suicide, lack of mental health support and poverty that affect many Aboriginal youth and families.
  • Beaudet said Aboriginal health research is “extremely important” for CIHR, and its strategic investments will reflect that. CIHR has been working with the Aboriginal Health Research Steering Committee for 14 months and, according to the institute’s media specialist David Coulombe, is committed to “co-building research initiatives” that “will improve the health of Canada’s First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.”
  • While Beaudet acknowledged both the magnitude of the recent changes and the fact that the Aboriginal health research budget has “flatlined,” he said it has done so parallel to CIHR’s overall budget. CIHR’s billion-dollar annual federal budget has not increased since 2009, meaning that its spending power has declined by roughly 25% since then.
  • We have gone through major changes at CIHR. I do not deny that,” Beaudet said. “But I would deny ... that these changes are affecting particularly the Aboriginal community.”
  • The Aboriginal Health Research Steering Committee contends that CIHR disadvantages researchers working in Aboriginal health through recent changes such as scrapping an Aboriginal-specific peer review process, requiring matching funds for several granting programs, and reallocating almost half the open competition funding for stellar emerging and establishing scholars.
  • But Beaudet said the changes promote more “out-of-the-box” research that will enable Canada to achieve more international success. He also suggested that those critical of the new system are afraid of change, and advised researchers that “looking back doesn’t work.” Learning from the past is a critical Indigenous value. CIHR is starting to analyze the
  • results of its initial investments, but it will take seven years for the new system to take full effect and before “meaningful” figures result, Beaudet said. “We’ll work as quickly as we can, but we need the data. I’m saying ‘Yes, trust us,’ because if you look at CIHR’s record, we’ve done a lot, and we’ve done it in good faith.”
  • Most of the researchers and representatives of Aboriginal political organizations at the meeting did not seem inclined to trust Beaudet’s reassurances.
  • You’re really saying to this group, ‘Trust us.’ And I just want to remind you that there’s very little basis for trust,” said Scott Serson, a former deputy minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, now with Canadians for a New Partnership, a group working for a new relationship between Indigenous and other Canadians.
  • The Aboriginal Health Research Steering Committee asked CIHR to set aside half a day at the June meeting of its governing council to address these issues. In an online statement, Beaudet acknowledged the request for an in-depth discussion at “a future meeting” of the governing council. He also urged Indigenous health researchers and community members to apply as members of the new Institutes Advisory Board on Indigenous People’s Health and a new College of Reviewers.
  • Marlene Brant Castellano, co-director of research for the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the Mohawk elder who closed the meeting, described Beaudet and CIHR’s response to the committee’s requests as “disconnected” from the prevailing political environment.
  • Castellano, who is revered as the first Aboriginal full professor at a Canadian university, brought many in the audience to tears. Instead of recognizing the need for a new relationship between Canada and its Indigenous peoples, Beaudet’s remarks echoed a too-familiar demand that Aboriginal researchers “get with” CIHR’s program because, eventually, they would discover it was good for them, Castellano said.
  • “We have 400 years as Indigenous people trying to make things work in other people’s agendas, and that is where we’ve gotten to the place now, where we still are, of watching our children dying,” she said, tears streaming down her cheeks.
  • Beaudet had already left the meeting before Castellano went to the podium, and the two CIHR vice-presidents who had stayed for most of the discussion left as she began to speak, citing prior commitments. Only Malcolm King, scientific director of CIHR’s Institute of Aboriginal Peoples’ Health and a member of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation, remained for the duration of the meeting.
  • According to Coulombe, Beaudet had a phone conversation with Castellano on Jan. 29, and “agreed to continue working collaboratively with community representatives and leaders in the future.”
Govind Rao

Leaders want to turn anger into votes; With sway in 51 ridings, aboriginal communities ... - 0 views

www.fpinfomart.ca/doc/doc_display.php?key=pr|246471|tost|20150708|224411535

from heather federal election aboriginal

shared by Govind Rao on 08 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Toronto Star Wed Jul 8 2015
  • Aboriginal leaders hope to harness a wave of First Nations outrage to push people to vote and sway the results of this fall's federal election. Despite historically low rates of election participation, Assembly of First Nations National Chief Perry Bellegarde says there are 51 ridings across the country where aboriginal voters could play a key role. Nearly half of them are held by the ruling Conservatives, according to a list produced by the national aboriginal group. "Fifty-one ridings can make a difference between a majority and a minority government. People are starting to see that," Bellegarde told a general assembly of the AFN in Montreal.
  • "Show that our people count. Show that our people matter. Show that we can make a difference. Show that our issues will not be put to the side." Those who were in attendance say the recent findings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission examining the legacy of residential schools, the continued push for an inquiry into the large numbers of missing and murdered aboriginal women, and a lingering feeling of empowerment from the 2012 Idle No More protests has spurred a new determination among aboriginals across the country.
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  • "I don't see how we can go another four years with this government, frankly. The past nine years have been disastrous in terms of us as First Nations accomplishing what we set out to do for our peoples. A lot of that has to do with the failure of First Nations policy in this country," said Ghislain Picard, the AFN's regional chief for Quebec and Labrador. Rarely has First Nations anger translated into such pragmatic talk, but aboriginal leaders will have to change a political culture that has traditionally shied away from involvement in federal and provincial politics with just three months left between now and the Oct. 19 election. "I know these are not our governments, but this is a strategic vote," said Grand Chief Patrick Madahbee of the Union of Ontario Indians, which represents 39 First Nations in the province.
  • Madahbee criticized Prime Minister Stephen Harper for signing trade deals that involve resources pulled from the land without the consultation or agreement of First Nations. But such complaints will receive little traction with federal parties if aboriginal people maintain their low-rates of election participation, he said. "The Indo-Canadians, the Chinese Canadians ... There's a whole number of groups that have learned that already. They have mobilized and they have influence. Right now we're being ignored." Bellegarde said the AFN is looking for politicians to implement the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, call an inquiry into the large numbers of missing and murdered aboriginal women and end a 20-year funding freeze for aboriginals that has contributed to problems with aboriginal health, housing and education that other Canadians never have to experience. "Invest in the fastest-growing segment of Canada's population, our young men and women. Invest now and there will be huge rates of return on investment in the future," Bellegarde said.
  • Both New Democratic Party Leader Tom Mulcair and Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau spoke at the AFN meeting Monday and committed to improving the relationship between the federal government and aboriginal people. Both noted the fact that they had prominent and numerous aboriginal candidates who will be running for their parties in the next election. "Aboriginal Canadians have understood for 10 years now what happens when their voices are not heard by the political process, when they are written off as they are by this Harper government," said Trudeau.
  • It's a hopeful sign for Tyrone Souliere, of the Garden River First Nation in Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., who has taken it upon himself to lobby chiefs and band councils to get their people registered to vote in the October election. Founded in frustration with the federal Conservative government, Souliere estimates there are some 30,000 eligible aboriginal voters in Ontario alone who could be harnessed to advance the cause of indigenous people in the coming election campaign. His efforts are focused on educating eligible voters about the issues and on what they steps they need to take to ensure they can cast a ballot in the election, following changed to the Elections Act that place higher standards on what can be used to confirm one's identity. "The only way to change how the government treats us is to change the government and to get that message to the politicians that there's a block of votes in Indian country and it will be available to the one party that will best represent treaty, charter and indigenous rights in Parliament," Souliere said.
  • "That's the goal." What the leaders say Tom Mulcair promises: Every government decision will be reviewed by a cabinet committee to ensure they respect federal responsibilities toward aboriginal people. Increasing federal funding for aboriginal education so that it rivals that spent on non-aboriginal children in Canada. Federal environmental assessments for resource development projects will become more rigorous. Justin Trudeau promises
  • There will be a legislative review that scraps or amends laws dealing with aboriginals that are deemed to be a violation of a section of the Constitution that affirms aboriginal rights. A guaranteed annual meeting between the prime minister and First Nations leaders. The 2-per-cent freeze on aboriginal funding will be lifted to make more money available of the likes of education, health and housing.
Govind Rao

Not just justice: inquiry into missing and murdered Aboriginal women needs public healt... - 0 views

www.cmaj.ca/...E78

from heather aboriginal gender violence

shared by Govind Rao on 15 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • CMAJ March 15, 2016 vol. 188 no. 5 First published February 29, 2016, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.160117
  • On Dec. 8, 2015, the Government of Canada announced its plan for a national inquiry into murdered and missing indigenous women and girls, in response to a specific call to action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.1 On Jan. 5, 2016, a pre-inquiry online survey was launched to “allow … [stakeholders an] opportunity to provide input into who should conduct the inquiry, … who should be heard as part of the inquiry process, and what issues should be considered.”2 We urge the federal government to be cognizant of the substantial knowledge, skill and advocacy of those who work in public health when deciding who should be consulted as part of this important inquiry.
  • A recent report from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police3 confirmed that rates of missing person reports and homicide are disproportionately higher among Aboriginal women and girls than in the non-Aboriginal female population. As rates of female homicide have declined in Canada overall, the rate among Aboriginal women remains unchanged from year to year. This is troubling, and the need to seek testimony from survivors, family members, loved ones of victims and law enforcement agencies in the inquiry is clear.
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  • However, we should avoid diagnosing this problem merely as a failure of law enforcement. Murders represent the tip of an iceberg of problems related to endemic violence in communities. Many Aboriginal women and girls, and indeed men and boys, live each day under the threat of interpersonal violence and its myriad consequences.
  • Initial statements from the three federal ministers tasked with leading the forthcoming inquiry — the ministers of Indigenous and Northern Affairs, Justice and Status of Women — suggest that its purpose is to achieve justice, to renew trust between indigenous communities and the Canadian government and law enforcement bodies, and to start a process of healing.
  • The inquiry surely must also endeavour to lay the groundwork for a clear plan to address the broader problem of interpersonal violence, which, in turn, is rooted in several key determinants. Addressing interpersonal violence is not merely an issue of justice; it is also a public health concern.
  • Factors associated with both the experience and perpetration of interpersonal violence are manifold. They include but are not limited to mental health issues, drug and alcohol misuse, unemployment, social isolation, low income and a history of experiencing disrupted parenting and physical discipline as a child. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s report has highlighted that many of these factors are widespread in the Aboriginal populations of Canada.4 Many of the same factors contribute to disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples in areas such as education, socioeconomic circumstances and justice. T
  • here is also substantial overlap with identified determinants of poor health in Aboriginal communities both in Canada and elsewhere.5,6 These are the factors associated with higher rates of youth suicide, adverse birth outcomes and tuberculosis, and poorer child health. It’s clear that a common web — woven of a legacy of colonization and cultural genocide, and a cumulative history of societal neglect, discrimination and injustice — underlies both endemic interpersonal violence and health disparities in Canada’s indigenous populations. There is no conversation to be had about one without a conversation about the other — if the aim is healing — because the root causes are the same.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) is currently engaged in developing a global plan of action to strengthen the role of health systems in addressing interpersonal violence, particularly that involving women and girls.7 A draft report by the WHO acknowledges interpersonal violence as a strongly health-related issue that nevertheless requires a multisectoral response tailored to the specific context. Evidence from Aboriginal community models in Canada gives hope for healing.
  • A recent report from the Canadian Council on Social Determinants of Health highlighted important strides that some Aboriginal communities have made to address the root causes of, and to mitigate, inequities through efforts to restore the people’s connection with indigenous culture.8 Increasing community control over social, political and physical environments has been linked to improvements in health and health determinants.
  • The public health sector in many parts of Canada has embraced the need for strong community involvement in restoring Aboriginal people to the health that is their right. In many community-led projects over the past few decades, the health care sector has worked with others to address common proximal and distal determinants of disparities.
  • We are presented with not just an opportunity for renewing trust between indigenous communities and the Government of Canada but also for extending the roles of public health and the health care sector in the facilitation of trust and healing. There is much that the health sector can contribute to the forthcoming inquiry. Health Canada should be involved from the start to ensure that public health is properly represented
Heather Farrow

Sad history of our 'Indian hospitals' - Infomart - 0 views

www.fpinfomart.ca/...249911118

hospital aboriginal research

shared by Heather Farrow on 22 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • St. Catharines Standard Wed Jun 22 2016
  • "Why can't they just let it go?" This is a common refrain heard when talking about First Nations issues in Canada that does nothing to address the problems the country faces. At this point, I think most Canadians understand, and hopefully respect, that our aboriginal brothers and sisters were atrociously treated by the federal government for a shamefully significant portion of our history. Forced Christianization. Residential schools. The refusal to recognize treaty rights. The deliberate attempt to extinguish aboriginal culture. None of it can be denied by any thinking person.
  • However, Canadians as a culture, as a body politic, still have a difficult time grasping the legacy of it. We look at a place like Attawapiskat in 2016, and cannot draw the links between the past and the present. What do, for instance, residential schools have to do with teenagers in a First Nations community forming suicide pacts? Kids in Attawapiskat today didn't attend those schools, so why is the issue brought up when taking about what is happening now? Why can't people today just put the past behind them where it belongs? History, however, is like ripples in a pond. Some events can shape people or entire communities for generations. And when it comes to Canada's First Nations communities, that history isn't just about events from 200 years ago. They exist in living memory.
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  • Brock University history professor Maureen Lux has documented a part of this recent past in her new book, Separate Beds: A History of Indian Hospitals in Canada, which describes a period from the 1920s to 1980s, when the nation effectively had two health-care systems - one for aboriginals and one for everyone else.
  • In these hospitals, First Nations patients often received substandard care in facilities that were, in Lux's words, underfunded by design. Some patients were experimented on by surgeons using outdated and ineffective treatments for illness like tuberculosis, leaving them disfigured. "It was all part of an attempt, frankly, to prevent white Canadians from having to share hospital space with aboriginals," she said. Although there were so-called Indian hospitals prior to the mid-1940s, they didn't really take off until after the Second World War ended. This was the period where Canada began to move toward universal health care. While the politicians argued over what that might look like, federal funding was made available to build hospitals. Lux said that by 1948, that money created more than 46,000 new hospital beds in Canada. At the same time, the federal Indian Health Service was responsible for a separate, segregated hospital system for First Nations communities.
  • Unlike the facilities for non-aboriginal Canadians, these hospitals were not new buildings, but established in army bases Ottawa no longer needed. The pay for medical staffin these hospitals was low, attracting doctors and nurses who, Lux said, "could not get a job anywhere else." Lux tracked how tuberculosis patients were treated in these Indian hospitals compared to the rest of the nation, and the results are chilling. Prior to the 1950s there were few effective treatments for tuberculosis. Beyond bed rest, there were some surgical attempts, including deflating lungs and removing ribs, to halt the disease.
  • "But that was never very effective, but at the time there were no other options," Lux said. "But by the 1950s, you have effective antibiotics and instead of staying at the hospital, most times you were given your meds and sent home." Unless you were an aboriginal person. The prevailing attitude was that First Nations people could not be trusted to take their medications, so they were kept in hospital and, instead of using antibiotics, doctors continued to use ineffective, invasive treatments. In fact, First Nations people could not even use Canada's proper hospitals. Prior to national health care, Canadians still needed private health insurance. So if an aboriginal person came to a hospital, they were asked how they would pay. Usually the answer was the Indian Health Service, which only paid for treatment in Indian hospitals. Patients often died. If an aboriginal person was in a facility far from home, the federal government would only pay for them to be buried at the nearest grave yard, rather than be sent home for a funeral. Lux said many First Nations people were buried in unmarked graves in the back of graveyards as a result.
  • The decommissioning of this segregated system didn't start until 1968 with the arrival of universal health care, but some facilities continued to operate until the 1980s. Lux said in a few remote communities, a few of the hospitals still exist, although they operate more as medical clinics than hospitals. The point is there are First Nations Canadians alive today who were treated in those hospitals, and would have been subjected to poor, even dangerous, care simply because they were aboriginals. So when someone asks why, when it comes to First Nations issues, the past cannot be left in the past, you can tell them it's because that history is very much alive for many people. And until we learn to deal with the reality of that, nothing is going to change. Lux's book is available from the University of Toronto Press and on Amazon.
Govind Rao

AFN chief urges aboriginal people to vote, even though he does not - Infomart - 0 views

www.fpinfomart.ca/doc/doc_display.php?key=pr|246199|ntgm|20150903|228460408

from heather aboriginal federal election

shared by Govind Rao on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • The Globe and Mail Thu Sep 3 2015
  • The Assembly of First Nations says aboriginal voters could be deciding factors in as many as 51 ridings and, in a close race, could determine the outcome of the Oct. 19 federal election - if they actually cast ballots. But AFN National Chief Perry Bellegarde might have undercut his organization's campaign to mobilize aboriginal voters with a frank admission that he's never voted in the past and doesn't intend to do so this time either.
  • "It's a very personal choice," Mr. Bellegarde told a news conference Wednesday. He said he's never voted because he's been in various First Nations leadership roles and wanted to preserve the appearance of impartiality. Moreover, Mr. Bellegarde said he was following the advice of First Nations elders who advised him against voting, arguing that the Crown has treaty obligations that must be honoured no matter which party forms government.
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  • "If you have to choose, then you lose that impartiality and non-partisanship," he said. At the news conference, Mr. Bellegarde unveiled the AFN's election priorities, to which it wants all parties to commit. The priorities - including increased funding for First Nations education, training, child welfare, health care and police services, creation of a national inquiry into missing and murdered indigenous women and an action plan to address violence against aboriginal women - are aimed at "closing the gap" between aboriginal people and other Canadians. "First Nations are a major factor in this election," Mr. Bellegarde said. "Our voices matter, our priorities matter and our votes matter." Mr. Bellegarde later acknowledged his own refusal to vote might hurt his message "a little." Nevertheless, he still expects turnout among aboriginal voters to increase, due to social-media campaigns that are engaging young aboriginal people and education campaigns launched by the AFN and others.
  • "Out of respect for those old people, I think that's why I haven't voted." Such views are not uncommon among aboriginal peoples and are at least partly responsible for abysmally low turnout in elections. Elections Canada estimates that the average turnout for eligible voters on First Nations reserves is 44 per cent, well below the overall 61 per cent turnout in 2011. Pressed by reporters to explain how he hopes to encourage others to vote if he won't do it himself, Mr. Bellegarde suggested he'll "revisit" his decision to refrain from voting. But in an in... terview a short time later, he dug in his heels, stressing his need to remain strictly neutral so that he can work with whomever forms government.
  • The AFN has sent voting kits to all First Nations chiefs, with information on how to get ballot boxes to remote locations, the voting process and the new rules on identification each voter will need to produce. The Conservative government's Fair Elections Act requires every voter to produce two pieces of ID, one of which must include the voter's address. Experts have warned the proof of residency rule could disenfranchise hundreds of thousands of voters, particularly those on reserves where there are often no addresses. To overcome that new hurdle, which Mr. Bellegarde called "voter suppression," the AFN's voter kit includes a form letter that chiefs or band managers can sign to verify residency for eligible voters.
Irene Jansen

Toronto Aboriginal Research Project report Octoober 2011 - 0 views

ahrnets.ca/news

aboriginal ontario

shared by Irene Jansen on 23 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • The Toronto Aboriginal Research Project (TARP) is the largest and most comprehensive study of Aboriginal people in Toronto ever conducted. 
  • The study examined such diverse topics as: poverty and social services, the Aboriginal middle class, the two-spirited community, Aboriginal youth, women, men and seniors, housing and homelessness, culture and identity, the Aboriginal arts scene, law and justice and urban Aboriginal governance.
Irene Jansen

Undoing the Kelowna agreement. November 21, 2006. CBC News. - 0 views

www.cbc.ca/...undoing-kelowna.html

aboriginal

shared by Irene Jansen on 23 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • On Nov. 24-25, 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin, the premiers and aboriginal leaders met in Kelowna for the First Ministers Conference on Aboriginal Affairs. The meeting resulted in a five-year, $5-billion plan to improve the lives of First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples.
  • Seventy-two hours later, Martin's minority government fell, triggering a federal election won by Stephen Harper's Conservatives. When the Tories tabled their first budget on May 2, 2006, they said they were committed to meeting the targets of the Kelowna deal.
  • But aboriginal leaders criticized the $450 million set aside for aboriginals in the budget, saying it didn't come close to the funding promised at the first ministers conference.
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  • Aboriginal issues were not among the five priorities in the Conservatives' election campaign. Before the election on Jan. 23, 2006, Conservative Leader Stephen Harper barely mentioned the Kelowna deal.
  • The Conservative government allocated $150 million in 2006 and $300 million in 2007 to improve education programs, provide clean water, upgrade mostly off-reserve housing and close the socio-economic gap between aboriginal Canadians and the rest of the population. The Kelowna deal would have set aside $600 million in 2006 alone to improve health, education and housing standards.
  • the Tories chopped the funds
  • Indian Affairs Minister Jim Prentice questions whether the first ministers ever reached an actual agreement in Kelowna.
Heather Farrow

CAMH bolsters treatment services for Aboriginal patients with sweat lodge - Aboriginal ... - 0 views

www.cbc.ca/...r-indigenous-clients-1.3651943

aboriginal

shared by Heather Farrow on 27 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • It allows me to cleanse myself,' says client Ed Bennett
  • Jun 24, 2016 6:
  • Canada's largest mental health and addiction teaching hospital has added a unique service for its Aboriginal clients — a sweat lodge to help promote spiritual, physical and emotional healing. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto unveiled the sweat lodge on a tucked-away section of its sprawling campus, fulfilling a goal set years ago to augment its services for Indigenous clients by adding the ceremonial structure.
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  • Diane Longboat, an elder with CAMH's Aboriginal services, said clients with mental health or addiction issues go through a number of individual healing ceremonies before being considered ready for the rituals of the sweat lodge.
  • Linklater, an Anishinaabe from Rainy River First Nations in northwestern Ontario, said she believes Canadian society has become much more aware of the historical scars borne by First Nations, Métis and Inuit as a result of colonization, forced relocations of entire communities, the impact of residential schools and the mass apprehensions of Aboriginal children in what's known as the '60s Scoop.
Heather Farrow

Indigenous health: Time for top-down change? - 0 views

www.cmaj.ca/E247

aboriginal cma

shared by Heather Farrow on 08 Aug 16 - No Cached
  • CMAJ August 9, 2016 vol. 188 no. 11 First published July 4, 2016, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.109-5295
  • Lauren Vogel
  • A year after the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s call to action, public health experts say indigenous health won’t improve without major system change. Last June, the commission issued a comprehensive treatment plan for healing the trauma inflicted on indigenous communities under Canada’s residential schools system — but not much has happened. Eight of the commission’s 94 recommendations directly addressed health care. So what’s the hold up on high-level change?
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  • That question dominated the recent Public Health 2016 conference in Toronto. Speakers described persistent inequity and inaction across the health system, from research to medical training to hospital care. “The common response is to deny that the problem lies in the structures,” said Charlotte Loppie, director of the Centre for Indigenous Research and Community-led Engagement at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.
  • She argued that it’s a mistake to see “colonization” as something that happened in the past. “It’s about the control that some people have over other people, which obviously continues today in the health policies and programs that are developed and expanded on indigenous communities, rather than with those communities.”
  • Research Loppie spoke at a panel hosted by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), which faced criticism in February for awarding less than 1% of funding to Aboriginal health projects in its first major competition since restructuring. “We know we have to work to get this right and get this better and I think we’re learning as we go,” said Nancy Edwards, scientific director of the Institute of Population and Public Health at CIHR.
  • According to Edwards, Aboriginal health is now a “standing item” at science council meetings, which bring together CIHR top brass every four to six weeks. There has also been “a lot of consultation” with indigenous researchers and communities. There isn’t a single barrier standing in the way. “It’s not that simple,” she said.
  • Speakers at the Canadian Public Health Association’s annual conference urged structural change to improve indigenous health.
  • Loppie said she considers Edwards an ally, but noted that CIHR has “a long way to go” to correct the disadvantage to Aboriginal health research under the new funding structure. “Change is a difficult point,” particularly at the most senior levels of administration, she said.
  • Medical education Australia’s experience integrating indi genous health education into medical training shows how change at that level can help transform a system. Australia’s version of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommended compulsory courses for all health professionals in 1989. But this didn’t become reality for doctors until 2006, when the Australian Medical Council set standards that the indigenous health training schools must provide.
  • With accreditation on the line, change was rapid and meaningful, said Janie Smith, a professor of innovations in medical education at Bond University in Australia. “If you don’t meet the standards, you can’t run your program, so it’s very powerful.” Bond’s medical program overhauled its case-based curriculum to include indigenous examples to teach core concepts. Students also complete a two-day cultural immersion workshop in first year and a remote clinical placement in fifth year.
  • “It’s a really important principle that this is the normal program and it’s funded out of the normal budget,” Smith said. Integration in core curriculum teaches students that cultural sensitivity is fundamental to being a good doctor, like understanding anatomy. It also protects indigenous health education from “toe cutters” when budgets are tight. Although Canadian medical schools are expanding their indigenous health content, some educators noted that it’s still peripheral to core training.
  • Lloy Wylie teaches medical students as an assistant professor of public health at Western University in London, Ontario. She recalled one indigenous health session that only a third of students attended. “When it’s voluntary, only the people who don’t need the training show up.”
  • Hospital care Wylie said she encountered the same indifference among some medical colleagues at Victoria Hospital in London, Ont., where she is appointed to the psychiatry department. “There are still some very unsettling things that I see going on in our hospital system.” She shared stories of “huge jurisdictional gaps” between the hospital and reserve, of patients with cancer denied adequate pain medication because of assumptions about addiction, and of health workers “woefully unaware” of indigenous culture and services.
  • People in the hospital weren’t even aware of the Aboriginal patient liaison that was in the hospital,” Wylie said. There are some recent bright spots; for example, British Columbia and Ontario are boosting cultural sensitivity training for health workers. But Wylie noted that the same workers “go back to institutions that are very culturally unsafe, so we need to look at changing those institutions as a whole.”
  • Brock Pitawanakwat, an assistant professor of indigenous studies at the University of Sudbury in Ontario, cited the importance of creating space for traditional healing alongside clinical care. In some cases, it’s a physical space: Health Sciences North in Sudbury has an on-site medicine lodge that provides traditional ceremonies and medicines.
  • These services are as much about healing mistrust as any physical remedy, Pitawanakwat said. “Going into a hospital after attending a residential school, there’s still that negative emotion,” he explained. “If you look at these buildings in archival photos, they’re almost identical.”
  • Wylie suggested that the fee-for-service model could also be changed to support physicians building better relationships with patients. “Anything we do to make our hospitals more welcoming places for Aboriginal people will be good for everybody,” she said. “Right now, they’re really alienating for everybody.”
Govind Rao

Study reveals increasing life-expectancy gap between First Nations an nd non-aboriginal... - 0 views

www.fpinfomart.ca/doc/doc_display.php?key=pr|246199|ntgm|20150820|227465846

from heather aboriginal

shared by Govind Rao on 20 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • The Globe and Mail Thu Aug 20 2015
  • Members of First Nations communities are more than twice as likely to face an early and avoidable death than other Canadians, with the greatest risk faced by native women and young adults, according to a new benchmark study by Statistics Canada. The sweeping study, using data from the 1991 long-form census, racks mortality rates of 61,220 ative adults and 2.5-million on-aboriginal Canadians over a 5-year period.
  • The results show a trend that idened over the course of the tudy, with the First Nations roup significantly more likely to ie before they reached their 5th birthday and from prevenable conditions. Diabetes, disorers linked to alcohol and drug se, and injuries were the leadng causes. "Closing the gap in the quality of life between First Nations and Canada has to be our national priority," Assembly of First Nations National Chief Perry Bellegarde said in a statement to The Globe and Mail. "This report provides further evidence of what we know: The gap has not changed over time and it is killing our people."
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Native men were twice as likely to die prematurely from avoidable causes and native women were 21/2 times as likely, the study found. The highest risk was found among First Nations members between 25 and 34 years of age. The risks for both men and women fell substantially when education and income were taken into account, suggesting, the researchers conclude, that socioeconomic factors "explain a substantial share" of the disparity. The new numbers follow the report from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission earlier this year, which identified lingering health effects as a legacy of residential schools, and called on the federal government to take action to close the health gap and to provide sustainable funding for aboriginal healing centres and the integration of indigenous medicine in health care. For Josee Lavoie, the director of the Manitoba First Nations Centre for Aboriginal Health Research at the University of Manitoba, the results are sadly familiar.
  • She called the numbers "shocking," but suspects they actually underreport the disparity because the census undercounts aboriginal people, who represent a disproportionate percentage of the country's homeless population and those that are "highly mobile." "To me, this is compelling evidence that we need to take serious the recommendations of the [Truth and Reconciliation Commission]," said Dr. Smylie, director of Well Living House, an indigenous action research centre at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital. It is also important, Dr. Smylie said, to remember the link between alcohol and drug use and unresolved complex trauma when looking at the causes of death. The Statistics Canada study covers the period between June, 1991, and the end of 2006, and includes individuals 25 and older. It divides "avoidable mortality" into two groups: preventable deaths caused by factors such as injuries; and treatable mortalit
  • which is a death that potentially could have been averted by screening, early detection and successful treatment, such as tuberculosis and female breast cancer.
Govind Rao

Sudbury hospital teams up with health centres to help aboriginal patients - Sudbury - C... - 0 views

www.cbc.ca/...-aboriginal-patients-1.3195229

from heather Ontario aboriginal

shared by Govind Rao on 20 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • New health care helpers part of shift to deliver more services in the community and outside of institutions
  • Aug 18, 2015
  • More aboriginal patients in the northeast are getting help to figure out the healthcare system. This spring, Health Sciences North created a formal process to refer patients to patient navigators at three aboriginal health centres. The positions have been in existence for the last few years, but because there was no formal process, many patients weren't receiving help. Aboriginal patient navigators help patients access better care by helping with things such as appointments and paperwork.
Govind Rao

Racism against aboriginal people in health-care system 'pervasive': study - Aboriginal ... - 0 views

www.cbc.ca/...stem-pervasive-study-1.2942644

from heather aboriginal racism

shared by Govind Rao on 03 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Discrimination called a major factor in aboriginal health disparities
  • Feb 03, 2015
  • Michelle Labrecque pushes herself gingerly in a wheelchair down the hallway of a hotel. The Oneida woman was recently found to have a fractured pelvis, but she says it took three trips to the hospital and increasing pain before she received that diagnosis.
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  • It wasn't her first bad experience at Victoria’s Royal Jubilee Hospital. In 2008, she sought medication for what she describes as severe stomach pain. She discussed the pain with a doctor, as well as her struggles with alcohol and finding a home. 
  • Govind Rao on 03 Feb 15
     
    thanks to Cathy Remus
Govind Rao

Here's how you can help advocate for culturally competent Canadian health care | rabble.ca - 1 views

rabble.ca/...competent-canadian-health-care

from heather aboriginal

shared by Govind Rao on 27 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • January 26, 2016
  • rabble.ca has partnered with Aboriginal Legal Services of Toronto to launch a campaign urging Canadians to take up implementing the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation commission as a new year's resolution for 2016. Here's how.
  • We call upon those who can effect change within the Canadian health-care system to recognize the value of Aboriginal healing practices and use them in the treatment of Aboriginal patients in collaboration with Aboriginal healers and Elders where requested by Aboriginal patients.
Cheryl Stadnichuk

Ontario's Investment in Indigenous Health Includes Significant Expansion of Indigenous-... - 0 views

www.aohc.org/ion-Indigenous-Centred-Primary

shared by Cheryl Stadnichuk on 25 May 16 - No Cached
  • Today, at Anishnawbe Mushkiki Aboriginal Health Access Centre in Thunder Bay, Ontario Minister of Health and Long-Term Care Dr. Eric Hoskins, alongside his colleagues David Zimmer, Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, Michael Gravelle, Minister of Northern Development and Mines, and Ontario Regional Chief Isadore Day, made a ground-breaking announcement of the largest investment in Indigenous health care in Ontario’s history. This investment includes the establishment of up to 10 new or expanded Indigenous-centred primary health care teams that include traditional healing to serve Indigenous communities across the province, similar to the existing network of 10 Aboriginal Health Access Centres (AHACs).
  • Unique in Canada and made in Ontario, AHACs are Indigenous community-led primary health care organizations that embed Indigenous cultural practices and teachings at the heart of everything they do. They provide a comprehensive array of health and social services to Indigenous communities across Ontario. These services include primary care, traditional healing, mental wellness, addictions services, cultural programs, health promotion programs, early years programs, oral health care, community development initiatives, home and community care and social support services. Importantly, they work on healing the impacts of intergenerational trauma. Being community-governed, AHACs are able to respond to the specific geographic, socioeconomic and cultural needs of the diverse Indigenous communities they serve.
  • Cheryl Stadnichuk on 25 May 16
     
    aboriginal health Ontario
Irene Jansen

Aboriginal Child Health and the Social Determinants: Why Are These Children So Disadvan... - 0 views

www.longwoods.com/21982

aboriginal determinants

shared by Irene Jansen on 23 Jan 12 - No Cached
  •  Healthcare Quarterly, 14(Sp) 2010: 42-51 Social Determinants in Context Aboriginal Child Health and the Social Determinants: Why Are These Children So Disadvantaged? Brian Postl, Catherine Cook and Michael Moffatt Canada's original people consist of First Nations, Inuit and Metis peoples. Their estimated population is 1.17 million. The total fertility rate for the period 1996–2001 was 2.6 for Aboriginal women versus 1.5 for Canada (Statistics Canada 2006). Thus, a high proportion of this rapidly growing segment of the population are children. Numerous articles have reviewed the health status of Canada's Aboriginal children and shown comparatively high prevalence and incidence of most of the common diseases that affect children. This article highlights some of the more specific disparities, but also attempts to provide some historical context and a few composite case studies that illustrate how the social determinants, colonialism, jurisdictional issues, geography and healthcare can interact to amplify disproportionately the disadvantage these children have in so many ways. Much of the historical detail recounts the contact with First Nations people, the most numerous and the first group to have contact with European settlement.
Govind Rao

CIHR excludes Aboriginal health in review - 0 views

www.cmaj.ca/97

from heather aboriginal

shared by Govind Rao on 02 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • CMAJ February 3, 2015 vol. 187 no. 2 First published December 15, 2014, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.109-4965
  • Laura Eggertson
  • The leaders of Canada’s largest medical research funding organization did not consider the ramifications of proposed restructuring on Aboriginal health research, recently released documents suggest. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) convened two working groups — one internal, the other external — in 2014 to examine its effectiveness. Despite glaring inequities in the health of Aboriginal Canadians, neither group’s final report evaluates the effect of recommended changes on the Institute of Aboriginal Peoples’ Health.
Govind Rao

Doctors should collaborate with traditional healers - 0 views

www.cmaj.ca/...E153

from heather aboriginal doctors

shared by Govind Rao on 16 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • CMAJ March 17, 2015 vol. 187 no. 5 First published February 9, 2015, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.109-4989
  • Laura Eggertson
  • An Aboriginal doctor who testified in the case of a Mohawk girl whose family opted out of chemotherapy is urging physicians to work more collaboratively with traditional healers and to respect their practices.
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  • Traditional medicine is a system of medicine in the same way that Western medicine is a system, in the same way naturopathic medicine is a system,” says Dr. Karen Hill, who shares a practice with traditional healer Elva Jamieson on the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ohsweken, Ont. “Because it doesn’t look the same, I think physicians don’t know how to receive it.”
  • Hill, who is Mohawk, believes a clash of cultures influenced the decision of doctors at the McMaster Children’s Hospital in Hamilton, Ont., to ask Judge Gethin Edward of the Ontario Court of Justice to compel cancer treatment for J.J, an 11-year-old Mohawk girl who has acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although Hill neither confirmed nor denied that she and Jamieson are treating J.J., Hill did testify in the case. Edward ruled in November 2014 that J.J.’s mother, the girl’s substitute decision-maker, had a constitutionally guaranteed right to practise traditional medicine.
  • On Jan. 19, 2015, Makayla Sault, another 11-year-old Aboriginal girl with leukemia, died following a stroke. Makayla and her family, who are from the neighbouring Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation, had also stopped chemotherapy at McMaster. Makayla’s death has drawn international attention to the issue of consent to treatment and whether Aboriginal rights may potentially clash with a child’s best interests and right to life.
  • Both cases have also raised the question of how doctors should respond to an Aboriginal patient’s desire to pursue traditional or other types of medicine over Western medical treatment. “The big message is that this is not just about medical choice,” Hill told CMAJ. “This is about indigenous people reclaiming their wholeness as people. This isn’t about religion; it isn’t about choice. It’s about being who we are.”
  • Choosing one type of treatment over the other is not the only option, say Hill and Dr. Veronica McKinney, a Cree/Métis woman who is on the executive of the Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada.
  • “More and more people are coming to understand that you can have a blend (of treatments),” says McKinney, who is the director of Northern Medical Services at the University of Saskatchewan. “I have a number of patients where this is the case, and I support that.”
  • Hill, who graduated from McMaster University medical school, and Jamieson, who apprenticed with her mother on Six Nations, often work together with patients to plan a combination of traditional and Western medical treatment.
  • In J.J.’s case, McMaster made an effort to permit the family to pursue its traditional practices, says Daphne Jarvis, McMaster’s lawyer. “There was a ceremony that took place in the hospital that the family arranged and they seemed very appreciative of that,” she told CMAJ. “With respect to the use of traditional medicines, I think the caveat was: ‘as long as it doesn’t interfere with the chemotherapy’ — so that was perceived to be hierarchical, which it wasn’t intended to be.”
  • Practitioners need a trusting relationship with their patients that includes self-reflection, respect for other world views, and reciprocity that acknowledges the patient’s contribution to healing, says McKinney. “When you are the one making all the decisions aside from the patient, you’re going off-track. It doesn’t matter whether we’re talking cancer or high blood pressure ... that completely does not match patient-centred care.”
  • There are few medical institutions in Canada, McKinney says, that support the positive contributions of traditional medicine, which includes plant-based medicines, ritual and ceremonies, alongside efforts to establish mental, spiritual, emotional and physical balance.
  • Doctors continue to have a responsibility to report similar situations to child welfare authorities, says Jarvis. Those authorities should conduct sufficient investigation to satisfy themselves that families are pursuing a sincerely held practice of indigenous medicine, she adds. It’s up to child welfare authorities, not doctors, to determine how sincerely held are the beliefs in traditional medicine, she cautions.
  • It was clear during the hearing that J.J’s mother is a traditional Mohawk woman accessing indigenous medicines within the Six Nations community, Jarvis says. She calls media reports about the alternative treatment the family was pursuing at the Hippocrates Health Institute in Florida, “a red herring.” J.J.’s care in Florida was in addition to the traditional treatment she was getting on Six Nations, not instead of it, Jarvis says. Hill also visited the institute to help re-establish a connection to plant-based food, which is an important part of traditional healing.
  • Indigenous physicians can bridge the gap in understanding between the traditional and Western medical systems, says Hill. She hopes to help design a protocol for physicians about beginning that dialogue with patients and traditional healers.
  • Hill understands the angst both Makayla and J.J.’s cases have caused. But she hopes the medical community will understand that Makayla’s choice was about more than just medical treatment.
  • “It is about living and being Indigenous people, trusting our own medicines in the way we did for centuries before Western medicine. Behaving as indigenous people is what the mainstream finds difficult to understand and what the medical community needs to start working out in relationship with our people.”
Govind Rao

American Public Health Association - Factors Influencing the Health and Wellness of Urb... - 0 views

ajph.aphapublications.org/...AJPH.2014.302481

from heather aboriginal youth

shared by Govind Rao on 23 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Kyoung June Yi, Edwige Landais, Fariba Kolahdooz, and Sangita Sharma.  (2015). Factors Influencing the Health and Wellness of Urban Aboriginal Youths in Canada: Insights of In-Service Professionals, Care Providers, and Stakeholders. American Journal of Public Health. e-View Ahead of Print. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302481 Accepted on: Nov 14, 2014
  • Kyoung June Yi, PhD, Edwige Landais, PhD, Fariba Kolahdooz, PhD, and Sangita Sharma, PhD
  • We addressed the positive and negative factors that influence the health and wellness of urban Aboriginal youths in Canada and ways of restoring, promoting, and maintaining the health and wellness of this population. Fifty-three in-service professionals, care providers, and stakeholders participated in this study in which we employed the Glaserian grounded theory approach. We identified perceived positive and negative factors. Participants suggested 5 approaches—(1) youth based and youth driven, (2) community based and community driven, (3) culturally appropriate, (4) enabling and empowering, and (5) sustainable—as well as some practical strategies for the development and implementation of programs. We have provided empirical knowledge about barriers to and opportunities for improving health and wellness among urban Aboriginal youths in Canada. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 19, 2015: e1–e10. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302481)
Irene Jansen

NDP Supplementary Report to the Standing Committee on Health's Review of Progress on th... - 0 views

www.parl.gc.ca/...Publication.aspx

accord health committee ndp

shared by Irene Jansen on 23 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • the unilateral Liberal cutbacks of 1995 – the greatest single cut ever to our public health care budget – had played out in service cuts and personnel shortages leading to longer waits for medical procedures
  • The 10-year Plan was a call for renewal.  It recommitted governments at all levels to the principles of the Canada Health Act and to making strategic improvements in 10 key areas to strengthen health care. 
  • The Health Council told the Committee “These accords have laudable, much needed and ambitious goals.  But have they had the broad national impact that government leaders intended?  In short, the answer is no.”
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • the Health Council told us, there remain “clear disparities in the availability of publicly-funded homecare across the country”
  • The Health Minister, ignoring the 80% of Canadians who want more home and community care added to the health system, has stated flatly that he is “not going to get involved” in home care because he sees it as a provincial matter.  As if to underscore his point, the government has dismantled the Secretariat set up in 2001 to coordinate the development of a national strategy on end-of-life care.
  • the government has been sitting on the report of the Wait Times Advisor for two full years.  Positive recommendations, including a more multidisciplinary approach and gender analysis, have been side-tracked. 
  • the federal government’s silence while for-profit forces have exploited public concern over wait times to resurrect their false promise of salvation through parallel for-profit care
  • after developing the Framework for Collaborative Pan-Canadian Health Human Resources Planning, the action plan so urgently needed has hit the doldrums
  • The Health Council has said planning remains “fragmented”
  • urgent need to address the health deficit faced by aboriginal Canadians with improvements to both health services and the determinants of health for aboriginal communities
  • Although the 10-year Plan includes health care in Northern communities and has incorporated the 2004 Blueprint for Aboriginal Health, the Health Council reports that “preventable health problems… continue to be of concern across the country”, and that “relatively little funding seems to have flowed”.
  • the federal government’s decentralized approach to national health care priorities has resulted in the loss of a national vision for health care and a directionless, leaderless renewal process at the national level
  • We recommend, therefore, that the federal government commit itself to a national, pan-Canadian, system-wide approach to public health care renewal anchored in Canada Health Act principles and enforcement, and with the jurisdictional flexibility and asymmetrical federalism found in the 10-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care.
  • We recommend, therefore, that the government take urgent actions to get the Plan back on track in each of its areas of focus as quickly as possible, including: acting on the recommendations of the 2006 Interim Report of the National Pharmaceutical Strategy and the Report of the Wait Time Advisor; advancing the action plan under the Framework for Collaborative Pan-Canadian Health Human Resources Planning; energetically pursuing the objectives of the 2004 Blueprint for Aboriginal Health (most particularly where it relates to measures under direct federal jurisdiction); working with the provinces and territories to re-establish the Advisory Committee on Governance and Accountability as a functioning part of the renewal process; and convening a meeting of ministers of health to identify roadblocks that are impeding progress and to develop strategies to overcome these obstacles. 
  • the Canada Health Act, our main tool in protecting public health care, to which the 10-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care is committed, is being undermined through inadequate monitoring and enforcement
  • The for-profit health industry continues to grow unabated
  • The Canada Health Act annual reports to Parliament do not reflect this due to their limited scope and the government’s failure to make improvements identified by the Auditor General back in 2002.
  • We recommend, therefore, that the Health Minister fully enforce the Canada Health Act by: setting data collection standards for reporting and enforcement that capture all for-profit activities that may impact on public health delivery; working collaboratively with the provinces and territories to fill gaps in reporting; stipulating that federal transfers should only be used for non-profit health care delivery; and removing any requirements that health infrastructure endeavours consider for-profit options such as public-private partnerships.
Govind Rao

Aboriginal Seniors among Canada's most vulnerable citizens - Press Release - Digital Jo... - 0 views

www.digitaljournal.com/1613339

from heather aboriginal seniors

shared by Govind Rao on 29 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Canada NewsWire TORONTO, Nov. 28, 2013
  • Little or no coordination between health care services provided by governments and health authorities according to new report TORONTO, Nov. 28, 2013 /CNW/ - A new report by the Health Council of Canada says that governments must make a greater effort to collaborate to improve health care for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis seniors. The report, Canada's most vulnerable: Improving health care for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis seniors, shows they often do not receive the same level of health care as non-Aboriginal Canadians because of poor communication, collaboration, and disputes between governments about who is responsible for the care of Aboriginal people.
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