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"Berkeley Earth has just released analysis of land-surface temperature records going back 250 years, about 100 years further than previous studies. The analysis shows that global warming is real, and the best explanation of the temperature trend is a combination of volcanoes and CO2."

Up next, 30,000 species under the sea. A few years ago, marine biologists working off the coast of Oregon collected samples of seawater from the very deepest parts of the ocean there at two sites near an active ocean floor volcano. And once the samples are brought to the surface, biologists on the other side of the country, in Massachusetts, analyzed the samples to find out what kinds of microbes were living at the bottom of the ocean. And what they found was astonishing. An amazing array of microbes, more than 30,000 species many, which were never - have never been seen before. They are new to science. The results of that analysis were published earlier this month in the journal Science.

"Investigate the devastating earthquakes in January 2010 and compare them to past earthquakes using GIS as the investigative tool. Examine fault lines, population, ocean floors, plate boundaries, volcanoes, and other data to get a complete understanding of the physical and cultural geography of the Caribbean Sea region. "

"The modern theory of Plate Tectonics is a combination of two earlier ideas, continental drift and sea-floor spreading. Once scorned, much evidence has now led to the acceptance of this theory by most geologists and geophysicists. In fact, Plate Tectonics is used to explain many global events such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain building, etc. You will relate the distribution of earthquake, volcanoes, and faults to the location of tectonic plates by mapping the locations of each of these processes. "

NSF Special Report - Science Nation