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The identification of covered electrodes in EN 499 is as follows:Covered electrode, strength, Toughness, Chemical composition, covering, efficiency, positional capability, low hydrogen potential

A general purpose electrode, which gives the best appearance and is easy to use. Drying - easy. 1000C for one hour and stored at ambient for shelf life.

In making fillet welds, pay particular attention to lead angles and work angles. The work angle is the angle between the electrode and the work in a plane at right angles to the long axis of the joint. The lead angle is the angle between the electrode and joint in the direction of travel.

Lack of fusion/penetration cause by : Too large an electrode for weld preparation. Incorrect angle of electrode for weld preparation. Current too low. Travel speed too high etc

In DC welding the electrode usually has negative polarity, which reduces the risk of overheating which may otherwise occur with electrode positive. The ionized gas or plasma stream can attain a temperature of several thousand degrees centigrade.

Welding consumables are: Electrodes. Wire (lengths or rolls). Fluxes. Gases. Each consumable is critical in respect to: Specification / supplier. Condition. Treatment (if any).

Welding Variables: Amperage : controls fusion and penetration. Voltage : controls arc length. Travel speed :controls depth of penetration. Gas flow rate :protects weld from atmosphere. Electrode extension :affects penetration.

Porosity cause by : Gas flow too low or too high. Leaking gas lines. Draughty conditions. Electrode stick out from nozzle too long. Contaminated/dirty weld prep. Contaminated/dirty wire. Incorrect gas shield. Arc length too long

Delaware Welding Schools: TIG/Tungsten Inert Gas Welding This lesson about the principles of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. You will be able to describe and explain TIG torches, electrodes, shielding gases, and welding filler materials.

below sample program if you join Welder Apprentice Training: Describe the electrode color system. Read basic welding prints. Select the proper tip for gas welding.