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in title, tags, annotations or urlTCP 的那些事儿(上) 酷壳 - CoolShell.cn | 酷 壳 - CoolShell.cn - 0 views
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TCP的包是没有IP地址的,那是IP层上的事。但是有源端口和目标端口。
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Sequence Number是包的序号,用来解决网络包乱序(reordering)问题。
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Acknowledgement Number就是ACK——用于确认收到,用来解决不丢包的问题。
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TCP是一个巨复杂的协议,因为他要解决很多问题,而这些问题又带出了很多子问题和阴暗面。所以学习TCP本身是个比较痛苦的过程,但对于学习的过程却能让人有很多收获。关于TCP这个协议的细节,我还是推荐你去看W.Richard Stevens的《TCP/IP 详解 卷1:协议》(当然,你也可以去读一下RFC793以及后面N多的RFC)。另外,本文我会使用英文术语,这样方便你通过这些英文关键词来查找相关的技术文档。 之所以想写这篇文章,目的有三个, 一个是想锻炼一下自己是否可以用简单的篇幅把这么复杂的TCP协议描清楚的能力。 另一个是觉得现在的好多程序员基本上不会认认真真地读本书,喜欢快餐文化,所以,希望这篇快餐文章可以让你对TCP这个古典技术有所了解,并能体会到软件设计中的种种难处。并且你可以从中有一些软件设计上的收获。 最重要的希望这些基础知识可以让你搞清很多以前一些似是而非的东西,并且你能意识到基础的重要。 所以,本文不会面面俱到,只是对TCP协议、算法和原理的科普。 我本来只想写一个篇幅的文章的,但是TCP真TMD的复杂,比C++复杂多了,这30多年来,各种优化变种争论和修改。所以,写着写着就发现只有砍成两篇。 上篇中,主要向你介绍TCP协议的定义和丢包时的重传机制。 下篇中,重点介绍TCP的流迭、拥塞处理。 废话少说,首先,我们需要知道TCP在网络OSI的七层模型中的第四层--Transport层,IP在第三层--Network层,ARP在第二层--Data Link层,在第二层上的数据,我们叫Frame,在第三层上的数据叫Packet,第四层的数据叫Segment。 首先,我们需要知道,我们程序的数据首先会打到TCP的Segment中,然后TCP的Segment会打到IP的Packet中,然后再打到以太网Ethernet的Frame中
Editor & Publisher ® - 3 views
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So far, bostonglobe.com has published only one responsive ad. “Ad servers aren’t really ready for it yet, and advertisers aren’t quite (ready either),” Moriarty said.
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This is the huge revenue advantage that having a separate mobile page has over a single adaptive page. Having a separate mobile page does not mean the content has to be maintained in two different places though. Your CMS should handle the content in one place and still be able to display the content differently based on the device. Adaptive layout on one page just puts the burden on the phone and client PC to adjust the display rather than the CMS doing it before sending to the client. Many are doing adaptive layout wrong by sending all assets and content to phone devices which is not only bad for performance but also for user experience as it makes the page render slower.
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accessible.
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Jehl added that using responsive design forces news organizations to build uncluttered, lightweight websites. “That’s not really generally true of most of the desktop websites on the Web right now. They tend to be quite heavy and slow, and ad networks are generally built to be run on the desktop with faster browsers. There are lots of technical considerations around that, trying to figure out how best to use the same resources in dramatically different environments,” Jehl said.
Moody . Casquette Porsche - 0 views
" Moody dit doucement ." Vous dites que vous avez des noms pour nous , Karkaroff ", a déclaré M. Crouch . " Laissez-nous les entendons, s'il vous plaît. "« Vous devez comprendre , " dit Karkaroff h...
Executive Placement Firm in Noida, India - 0 views
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Even the best organizational strategy can fail with a wrong person in the right job,Acreaty has been in the domain of executive placements for over a decade and can today boast of a highly skilled network of professionals across the country. We also carry out manpower hiring in the following practice areas : Head-hunting Middle & senior management positions Bulk hiring Field sourcing
Judi Online - 0 views
Performance & Security for Any Website | CloudFlare (Private Beta) | Overview - 1 views
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CloudFlare protects and accelerates any website online. Once your website is a part of the CloudFlare community, its web traffic is routed through our intelligent global network. We automatically optimize the delivery of your web pages so your visitors get the fastest page load times and best performance. We also block threats and limit abusive bots and crawlers from wasting your bandwidth and server resources. The result: CloudFlare-powered websites see a significant improvement in performance and a decrease in spam and other attacks.
Application Recovery with C# (in Windows Vista) - 0 views
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A nice overview of how to use Vista's Application Recovery from C# to help your program recover from crashes or shutdown for upgrading (shared) files.
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Microsoft Protocol Technology Licensing Programs - 0 views
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Most Microsoft networking and media protocols are available for licensing ... if you have the cash.
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Hallo guys. I am very happy to share here. This is my site. If you would like to visit here. Go ahead. I've made About a $ 58,000 from my little site. There is a forum and I was very happy to announce to you. I also provide seo service. www.killdo.de.gg
Tagline Generator - Timeline-based Tag Clouds - 0 views
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This tag cloud app not only generates the "tags" on it's own from document content, but it uses color to indicate the "age" ...
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Six Apart - Opening the Social Graph - 0 views
WebDrive FTP/WebDAV Client - 1 views
QuickGraph, Graph Data Structures And Algorithms for .Net - Home - 0 views
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QuickGraph 2.0 provides generic directed graph datastructures and algorithms for .Net 2.0. QuickGraph comes with algorithms such as depth first seach, breath first search, shortest path, network flow etc... QuickGraph supports GLEE and Graphviz to render the graphs.
XtUnit Unit Testing Extensibility Framework - 0 views
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XtUnit.Framework is an extensibility framework for nUnit and MbUnit to allow you to create new test-case types and attributes.
It includes the well known [Rollback] attribute (built in on MbUnit, but not nUnit) which allows automatic rollback of changes to your database which occur during the execution of a test. -
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XPathmania - Visual Studio 2005 XPath AddIn - 0 views
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XPathmania is a visual studio extension to allow executing XPath queries on XML documents ... now you can test your XPath queries without loading up an external app
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Joe Duffy's Weblog - OnBeingStateful - 0 views
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The biggest question left unanswered in my mind is the role state will play in software of the future.
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The biggest question left unanswered in my mind is the role state will play in software of the future. That seems like an absurd statement, or a naïve one at the very least. State is everywhere: The values held in memory. Data locally on disk. Data in-flight that is being sent over a network. Data stored in the cloud, including on a database, remote filesystem, etc. Certainly all of these kinds of state will continue to exist far into the future. Data is king, and is one major factor that will drive the shift to parallel computing. The question then is how will concurrent programs interact with this state, read and mutate it, and what isolation and synchronization mechanisms are necessary to do so?
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Many programs have ample gratuitous dependencies, simply because of the habits we’ve grown accustomed to over 30 odd years of imperative programming. Our education, mental models, books, best-of-breed algorithms, libraries, and languages all push us in this direction. We like to scribble intermediary state into shared variables because it’s simple to do so and because it maps to our von Neumann model of how the computer works.
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Microsoft Axum - Download Details - 0 views
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Installer: Axum is an incubation project from Microsoft’s Parallel Computing Platform that aims to validate a safe and productive parallel programming model for the .NET framework. It’s a language that builds upon the architecture of the web and the principles of isolation, actors, and message-passing to increase application safety, responsiveness, scalability and developer productivity. Other advanced concepts we are exploring are data flow networks, asynchronous methods, and type annotations for taming side-effects. Programmer's Guide: Use this simple and easy to follow programmer's guide to learn how to create safe, scalable, and responsive applications with the Axum language. Language Specification: A detailed specification of the Axum language.
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