Lewis Hyde locates the origin of gift economies in the sharing of food,
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B-Corp. vs. Benefit Corporation - 0 views
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One can be a B Corps and yet be incorporated legally as a C corporation, an LLC, even a sole proprietorship. In other words, a company can be certified as a B Corps without ever incorporating as a benefit corporation * One can be a benefit corporation under Maryland law without being a B Corps. The Maryland law does not require that benefit corporations be certified as B Corps. Rather, it requires that benefit corporations' social and environmental performance be assessed by an independent third party that makes publicly available or accessible the following information: 1. The factors considered when measuring the performance of a business; 2. The relative weightings of those factors; and 3. The identity of the persons who developed and control changes to the standard and the process by which those changes were made. The key difference is that the law requires a third party assessment, whereas B Corps is a certification.
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Gift economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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the potlatch ritual, where leaders give away large amounts of goods to their followers, strengthening group relations. By sacrificing accumulated wealth, a leader gained a position of honor.
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a currency-less gift economy where goods and services are produced by workers and distributed in community stores where everyone
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is essentially entitled to consume whatever they want or need as "payment" for their production of goods and services.
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open-source software developers have created "a 'gift culture' in which participants compete for prestige by giving time, energy, and creativity away"
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a traditional gift economy is based on "the obligation to give, the obligation to accept, and the obligation to reciprocate,"
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a difference between a "true" gift given out of gratitude and a "false" gift given only out of obligation
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the "true" gift binds us in a way beyond any commodity transaction, but "we cannot really become bound to those who give us false gifts.
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Hyde argues that when a primarily gift-based economy is turned into a commodity-based economy, "the social fabric of the group is invariably destroyed."[
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commercial goods can generally become gifts, but when gifts become commodities, the gift "...either stops being a gift or else abolishes the boundary...
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it is easy to romanticize a gift economy, humans do not always wish to be enmeshed in a web of obligation
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practice that bears out different roles for the parts that undertake an action in it, installing in this act of donating the Hegelian dipole of master and slave
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anarcho-primitivists and anarcho-communists, believe that variations on a gift economy may be the key to breaking the cycle of poverty.
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mutual benefit is a stronger incentive than mutual strife and is eventually more effective collectively in the long run to drive individuals to produce.
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a gift economy stresses the concept of increasing the other's abilities and means of production, which would then (theoretically) increase the ability of the community to reciprocate to the giving individual.
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collective shunning where collective groups keep track of other individuals' productivity, rather than leaving each individual having to keep track of the rest of society by him or herself.