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Contents contributed and discussions participated by Vaibhav Tiwari

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Vaibhav Tiwari

HABER & BOSCH - Haber-Bosch process - 0 views

www.idsia.ch/...haberbosch.html

shared by Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Billions of people would not even exist without it. And our dependence will only increase as the global count moves from six to ten billion people or so.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      We can see that many people have benefited from this process, it makes me wonder what if it hadnt been discovered until now? Or sometime in the future? Where would we be?
Vaibhav Tiwari

The Haber Process for the manufacture of ammonia - 0 views

www.chemguide.co.uk/...haber.html

shared by Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13 - Cached
  • pure iron. It has potassium hydroxide added to it as a promoter - a substance that increases its efficiency.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      Equilibrium, the catalyst just increases the rate to get to the equilibrium.
  • but is always high. You can't go far wrong in an exam quoting 200 atmospheres.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      200 atm is what we learned in the WSQ, but what is the maximum pressure it can be?
  • The mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen going into the reactor is in the ratio of 1 volume of nitrogen to 3 volumes of hydrogen
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      The reaction would be 3H2 + N2 2NH3
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • In order to get as much ammonia as possible in the equilibrium mixture, you need as low a temperature as possible
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      Explained in the WSQ, and down below, if it were at a low temperature it would take a long time for it to produce the amount of Ammonia we wanted.
  • Increasing the pressure brings the molecules closer together. In this particular instance, it will increase their chances of hitting and sticking to the surface of the catalyst where they can react. The higher the pressure the better in terms of the rate of a gas reaction.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      Learned in Kinetics, one of the ways to speed up a reaction.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      Kinetics, the increase in pressure, increases the reaction rate.
  • You have to build extremely strong pipes and containment vessels to withstand the very high pressure. That increases your capital costs when the plant is built. High pressures cost a lot to produce and maintain. That means that the running costs of your plant are very high.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      Oh, so this is why 200 atm is used and not anything higher. (Usually)
  • Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
     
    Vaibhav Tiwari
Vaibhav Tiwari

Gale Science In Context - Document - 14 views

ic.galegroup.com/...DocumentToolsPortletWindow

shared by Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Ammonia (boiling point -28.03°F [-33.35°C])
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      This would mean that Ammonia is a gas at room temperature.
  • The copper (II) ammonia complex, in solution, is deep blue in color,
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      We learned this in periodicty, the colors of the transition metals, and copper is blue.
  • Ammonia molecules possess a pyramidal shape, with the nitrogen atom at the vertex.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Nitrogen fixation
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      Will we learn about Nitrogen Fixation in chem, or is it in bio, or neither or them?
  • Nitric acid and nitrates are needed for the manufacture of explosives like TNT, nitroglycerin, gunpowder, and also for the propellants in cartridges for rifles and machine guns.
    • Vaibhav Tiwari
      Vaibhav Tiwari on 14 Feb 13
       
      If all other important nitrogen chemicals are now made from ammonia, wouldn't that cause a shortage in Ammonia? Earlier in the reading it said that the production of Ammonia did not meet its demands and it had to be imported, if we stopped making it for Nitric acid and other nitrates that are used for explosives, we wouldn't have such a shortage.
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