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A catalyst at the anode of a hydrogen fuel cell splits hydrogen molecules into protons and electrons, which travel via several routes to the cathode. An external circuit is traversed by the electrons, causing an electricity flow. The protons move from the electrolyte to the cathode through the electrolyte, where they combine with oxygen and electrons to create heat and water. The ruthenium atom is one of the fuel cell catalysts. Ruthenium is a chemical element, its chemical symbol is Ru, and its atomic number is 44. Ruthenium was discovered in 1844 by the Baltic German-Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus. It is a hard, silver-white transition metal that can be found in platinum ore and can only be processed at high temperatures. Also used as a catalyst in some platinum alloys.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a versatile ingredient that has revolutionized the detergent industry. With its unique properties and numerous advantages, CMC has become an essential component in modern detergents. CMC is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, a natural substance found in plant cell walls. Its exceptional thickening, stabilizing, and water-retaining abilities make it an invaluable additive in detergent formulations.